Showing 9 results for Eftekhar
M Karami, K Holakouie Naieni, A Rahimi, A Fotouhi, H Eftekhar Ardabili,
Volume 1, Issue 3 (25 2006)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: The DPT vaccine used in Iran is manufactured by the Razi Institute. So far, there have been no studies to determine the incidence and severity of adverse reactions to this vaccine. It was this lack of reliable information, plus concern for the unfavorable effects of such reactions on compliance with the vaccination schedule, that prompted the current study on DPT side effects.
Methods: In this cohort study, 1910 children aged 0 to 6 were divided into different groups (cohorts) on the basis of factors such as injection site and then monitored for the appearance of adverse effects. Data for this study were gathered through questionnaires filled by telephone or house-to-house interviews. We interviewed parents of children attending the 46 urban health clinics in Kermanshah. These interviews produced the data needed to fill the first part of the study questionnaire. The investigators then gave each parent an "information sheet" containing the data necessary for the second part of the questionnaire. The interviewee was asked to record on this sheet any adverse effects occurring over the following 48 hours. At the end of this period, the parent was contacted via telephone to fill the second part of the questionnaire. Data thus gathered were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 11.5.
Results: In 1910 DTP immunizations given to children 0 to 6 years of age, followed for the development of adverse events occurring within 48 hours after immunization, the cumulative incidence rates were as follows: Swelling, 40.66% (38.43-42.89%) Redness, 43.08% (40.84-45.32%) Pain, 67.32% (65.20-69.40%) Fever (>38° C) 54.14% (51.89-56.40%) Fever (>40.5° C) 1.11% (0.64-1.59%) Drowsiness, 33.35% (31.21-35.48%) Persistent crying, 13.35% (11.81-14.88%) Local reactions, 75.79% (73.86-77.73%) and Systemic Reactions, 69.84% (67.76-71.97%). Only one child developed convulsion following immunization.
Conclusions: Varying reaction rates in different studies, such as high rate of pain and persistent crying in this study, may reflect the different preparations that were used or differenced in the methods for vaccine evaluation. Moreover, because of the severity of systemic reactions, DTP vaccine should be administered in the thigh region
H Eftekhar, K Mohammad, Ss Tavafian, K Mirkarimi, A Ramezanzadeh,
Volume 5, Issue 1 (20 2009)
Abstract
Background and objectives: Although in many developed and developing countries, self care is the most important part of primary care, in Iran it has not been supported as well as its values. The aim of this study was to assess the views of general people living in south of Tehran about self care.
Methods: This was a population based study in which 1200 individuals aged 15 years and over were interviewed using cluster sampling. A structured interview questionnaire which including 5 sections on regarding demographic characteristics, views on general health, views on self care knowledge, interest and practice, views on barrier and enabler factors for self care, and views on sources of information was used. Content validity and cronbach’s alpha coefficient was used for its validity and reliability. Data were analyzed through spss version 11.
Results: The mean age of participants was 27.9 ± 5.2 years. Six hundred and fifty eight respondents (55%) stated they were not knowledgeable on self care, 986 (82%) and 1035 (86%), were interested and self rated themselves active regarding healthy life style, respectively. In practice, only fifty three participants (4%) were actually active in eating ≥7 glasses of water daily, 31 (3%) stated they ate more than five portions of fruits daily and 51(4%) did physical activity more than 3 hours weekly.
Conclusions: The findings of this study have highlighted the significant role of information in doing self care activities.
K Etemad, H Eftekhar Ardabili, A Rahimi, Mm Gouya, A Heidari, Mj Kabir,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (20 2011)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: The epidemic of HIV has been become worldwide. Infected people with HIV which are
most intravenous drug users (IDUs) and/or people who have unsafe sex are important source of transmission of
infection to other persons in a community. Since there is little known about the knowledge and attitudes of HIV
positives about HIV in Iran, therefore we decided to measure the level of knowledge and attitudes of this group
in Golestan province in compare with individuals with risky behavior.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 54 HIV+ persons and 134 people with high risk behavior
individuals in 2007 year.
Results: Our study showed that HIV- (High risk group) cases had higher education level (P=0.034). Rate of
jobless was higher in HIV+ persons (P<0.001). HIV+ cases had lower income (P=0.037). Both groups had
moderate knowledge and poor attitude on HIV/AIDS. Level of attitude in HIV+ positive persons was lower than
high risk group (P=0.05).
Conclusion: It is concluded that these susceptible persons and also infected individuals with HIV regardless of
their socio-economic levels need more continuous education in structured programs.
M Naderi Beni , R Lak, Sa Jazaeri, H Eftekhar Ardebili ,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (Vol 9, No 2, Summer 2013 2013)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Malnutrition among children under five year is a significant public health index. The aim of study was to estimate the prevalence of malnutrition in under 5 years old children in Chadegan
(area district city) parish of in Isfahan, Iran.
Methods: This was a community-based cross-sectional study. It was carried out on all randomly selected households with children age under five years old in rural and urban area of Chadegan in 2010 year. Demographic information was collected via household and a standardized questionnaire was administered to mothers or guardians and trained personnel measured weight and height or length.
Results: The results revealed that prevalence of malnutrition’s based on wasting, underweighting and stunting and obesity were 17.8%, 34.5%, 37% and 2.2% respectively. The main contributing factors for wasting were found to be child’s age, habitat, onset of complementary food, history of disease, hospitalization (P<0.05). Gender, father's job, mother’s education, ethnic, habitat, history of disease were found to be correlated with stunting as well. (P< 0.05).
Conclusion: Development programs should focus on the disadvantaged rural and urban arears of people to improve their nutritional status. Intervention strategies and programs should be developed to target the preventable risk factors.
P Rezanejad Asl , M Hosseini, S Eftekhary, M Mahmoodi , K Nouri,
Volume 10, Issue 3 (Vol 10, No.3 2014)
Abstract
Background & Objectives : Longitudinal studies are used in many psychiatric researches to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment. The main characteristic of longitudinal studies is repeated measurements of the patients over time. Since observations from the same patient are not independent from each other, especial statistical methods must be used for analyzing the data. Missing data is an indispensable component in longitudinal. In this study, we examined the effect of comprehensive treatment on social-individual performance in patients with the first episode of psychosis.
Methods : The data was from a clinical trial involving patients who were admitted to the clinics of Roozbeh Hospital between 2006_2008. We employed a random effect model for the analysis of longitudinal ordinal responses with non-monotone missingness using the R software version 3.0.2.
Results: The results showed that comprehensive treatment with follow-up at home, age, and family history of the disease had a significant effect on the social-individual performance of the patients. The estimation of the coefficient of age and its standard deviation were 0.05 and 0.03, respectively. The estimation of the coefficient of family history of the disease was -0.82 with a standard deviation of 0.41, and the coefficient of comprehensive treatment with follow-up at home and its standard deviation, were estimated -1.04 and 0.44, respectively.
Conclusion: The model used in this study showed that the comprehensive treatment with follow-up at home was better because individuals under this type of treatment are more likely to have social-individual performance.
S Baridkazemi, E Mosafarkhani, R Eftekhari Gol , A Taghipour, A Bahonar, O Emami, Hr Bahrami,
Volume 14, Issue 3 (Vol.14, No.3, 2018)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Researchers and health specialists are increasingly using self-reports to obtain information on chronic illnesses. This study was conducted to assess the validity of self-reports of diabetes based on a recent field survey in Mashhad.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we used the results of 2015 census in Mashhad, a population based survey of people over the age of 30 (n =307103), to determine the proportion of self-reported diabetes. The patient records of Sina Electronic Health Record system (SinaEHR®) coded as E11 and E12 approved by doctors were used as a reference. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were calculated with 95% confidence intervals.
Results: The sensitivity, specificity, PLR, NLR, PPV, and NPV of self-reported diabetes was 24.59% (95% CI: 23.97-25.21), 98.04% (95% CI: 97.99-98.09), 12.56% (95% CI: 12.11-13.02), 0.77% (95% CI: 0.76-0.78), 44.77% (95% CI: 43.89-45.67), and 95.27% (95% CI: 95.23-95.31), respectively. The sensitivity of self-reported diabetes was higher in men, Iranian individuals, single subjects, people aged 60 and over, individuals with a BMI of 18.5-25, and those with university education.
Conclusion: Although the sensitivity of self-reported diabetes was poor in this study, its specificity and positive and negative predictive values were good. Furthermore, the sensitivity of self-reported diabetes was higher in men, Iranian individuals, single subjects, people aged 60 and over, individuals with a BMI of 18.5-25, and those with university education. It seems that caution should be exercised in using self-reported data in epidemiological studies.
M Eftekhar Ardbili , M Taban, M Hatamizadeh, H Ranjbar,
Volume 15, Issue 2 (Vol.15, No.2 2019)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The Problematic Internet Use Questionnaire (PIUQ) is a scale for evaluating the adverse effects of high Internet usage. It was adopted into Persian in a previous study. The factorial structure of the adopted version was different from the original English version. The purpose of this study was to determine the factorial structure of the Persian version of the Problematic Internet Use Questionnaire.
Methods: In this methodologic study, sampling was carried out in students of Iran University of Medical Sciences, University of Tehran, and Sharif University of Science and Technology. A total of 428 students completed the Problematic Internet Use Questionnaire. Exploratory factor analysis was performed using SPSS. Confirmatory factor analysis was carried out using AMOS. The reliability of the Scale was determined using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (α=0.89).
Results: Exploratory factor analysis showed four factors including online preoccupation, adverse effects, social interactions, and excessive use. The mean ± SD of the domains was 2.12±0.81, 2.01±0.86, 2.18±0.85 and 2.39±0.97 for online preoccupation, adverse effects, social interactions, and excessive use, respectively.
Conclusion: The exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis showed that the Persian version of the Problematic Internet Use Questionnaire had a relatively similar structure with the English version. One dimension of the questionnaire was split to two new dimensions. This questionnaire can be a useful tool for measuring problematic behaviors related to the excessive use of the Internet.
Aa Abbasi, Hr Bahrami, B Beygi, E Musa Farkhani, V Vakili, F Rezaee Talab , R Eftekhari Gol , M Talebi,
Volume 15, Issue 2 (Vol.15, No.2 2019)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Sleep disorders include problems involving the quality, timing and amount of sleep, which cause decreased functioning and discomfort during the daytime. Considering the importance of sleep in health and quality of life and the probability of the related disorders in the elderly, this study was conducted to investigate sleep disorders and their risk factors in an elderly population covered by Mashhad University of Medical Sciences.
Methods: We conducted one of the largest population-based cross-sectional studies in an elderly population covered by Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in 2016. In this study, a total 8496 elderly people aged 60-90 years old with sleep disorders were compared with 35041 elderly subjects without complaints. Data were extracted from the Sina Electronic Health Record System. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were carried out using the STATA ® version 14 to determine associations between independent variables and sleep disorders.
Results: In multivariate analysis, male gender (AOR=0.58; 95% CI: 0.55-0.61), being married (AOR=0.88; 95% CI: 0.83-0.93), overweight and lightweight compared to normal weight (AOR=1.27; 95% CI: 1.21-1.34 and AOR=1.20; 95% CI: 1.04-1.38, respectively), smoking (AOR=2.22; 95% C.I: 2.05-2.40), high blood pressure (AOR=1.44; 95% C.I: 1.37-1.52), diabetes (AOR= 1.49; 95% C.I: 1.40-1.58) and depression (AOR=3.05; 95% C.I: 2.74-3.38) variable remained in the final model after adjusting for confounders.
Conclusion: In this study, gender, marital status, body mass index, smoking, blood pressure, diabetes and depression were the main determinants of sleep disorders. It is necessary to identify the risk factors and perform appropriate interventions to improve the sleep.
Hr Bahrami Taghanaki , E Mosa Farkhani , R Eftekhari Gol , P Bahrami Taghanaki , S Bokaei, A Taghipour, B Beygi,
Volume 16, Issue 3 (Vol.16, No.3 2020)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Diabetes is considered as one of the most common endocrine disorders worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors associated with diabetic complications.
Methods: A case-control study was performed on the data of 70089 diabetic patients (4622 cases and 53613 controls) extracted from the SINA Electronic Health Record (SinaEHR®) in a population covered by Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in 2018. The effect of independent variables on the likelihood of diabetic complications was investigated using single-variable and multivariate logistic regression models with the control of the potential confounding effects.
Results: Using the multivariate logistic regression, the odds of developing diabetic complications were 0.35 (0.31-0.38) for living in the city, 0.73(0.67-0.79) for living in the suburbs and 0.31(0.28-0.33) for living in rural areas relative to the metropolises, 0.84 (0.78-0.91) for illiterate subjects, 0.70 (0.66-0.75) for physical activity, 1.51(1.34-1.71) for stage 1 hypertension and 1.87 (1.43-2.44) for stage 2 hypertension relative to normal blood pressure, 0.79(0.74-0.85) for uncontrolled low density lipoprotein and 1.42(1.33-1.51) for uncontrolled hemoglobin A1C.
Conclusion: Various risk factors were identified to increase the odds ratio of diabetic complications. The most important risk factors were uncontrolled glycosylated hemoglobin and stage 1 and 2 hypertension. Control of these factors can reduce the chance of diabetic complications in diabetic patients.
