M Honarmand, L Farad Mollashahi, M Shirzaii, H Abbasi,
Volume 7, Issue 4 (16 2012)
Abstract
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Background & Objectives: Dental fluorosis is a kind of hypoplasia, enamel and
dentin deficiency due to fluoride overuse. Since there is little known about
this important dental problem in Southeast area in Iran we designed an analytic
descriptive study to estimate the dental flurosis prevalence in 7-10 years old
students.
Methods: Three hundred thirty four (334) children attending to community
dentistry center during year 2006, were studied to evaluate the prevalence of
dental fluorosis. Dental index (fluorosis rates) identified by a trained
dentist. Criteria for definite diagnosis were existence of enamel defects with
spread bilaterally and symmetrically. Children with hyperplasia tetracycline
-induced, acute febrile illness in childhood and fetal birth dental defects (Dentinogenesis imperfecta,
Amelogensis imperfect) were excluded from this study.
Results: The prevalence of dental flurosis estimated to be 30.8 percent
in this sample. Dental fluorosis protests in the subjects were so: enamel
opacities (70. 6%),discoloration(14.2%), pit(1.36%), enamel
opacities and discoloration(12.9%),enamel opacities and pit (1 %). Superior
anterior teeth were the most effected by fluorosis. There are significant
difference in dental fluorosis between boys and girls (P=0.004), and intensity
was higher in boys (37.5% versus 22.6%). fluorosis pattern no clear difference
in both sexes (P=0.27).
Conclusion: The
prevalence of fluorosis was estimated 30.8% and intensity was higher in boys in
Zahedan. Therefore it is essential that fluoride source and amount of
fluoridation of drinking water be considered in Zahedan city.
A Nassi, M Mehrabizade Honarmand, M Shehni Yailagh, S Bassaknejad, A Talebpour,
Volume 8, Issue 3 (17 2012)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: One of the most common anxiety disorders in children is separation anxiety disorder (SAD). The purpose of the present study was to investigate the epidemiology of separation anxiety disorder in Isfahan primary school male student.
Methods: The present study was a descriptive study. The statistical population was all the male students from 7 to 9 years old, studying in second and third grades in primary schools of Isfahan. The sample of study consisted of 1514 male student, who were selected randomly by multi-stage sampling method. The instruments of this study consisted of the Separation Anxiety Disorder Scale, Spence Children's Anxiety Scale and Clinical Interview.
Data obtained were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and chi-square and logistic regression.
Results: The findings showed that the rate of separation anxiety disorder in male (7 to 9 year- old student) was %6/93. SAD were more common in 7 years old (7.4%). Children having record of hospitalization, immigration, single-parent households and close relatives of mortality had a higher rate of separation anxiety disorder.
Conclusion: This study shows that separation anxiety disorder among primary school male students is significantly high. Therefore it is important to consider the potential utility of early anxiety prevention/intervention programs, especially for children at this age group.
