Showing 6 results for Khabazkhoob
A Fotouhi, M Khabazkhoob, H Hashemi, K Mohammad,
Volume 3, Issue 1 (21 2007)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Early detection can improve the outcome of visual impairment in children, and one method for early detection could be screening of pre-school children with visual acuity tests. The aim of this study was to determine the validity of these tests when they are used on children entering grade school.
Methods: For this cross-sectional study we drew 39 random clusters, comprising a total of 5721 school children. We then used 2158 student files to extract data on tests of vision performed by school health officers and compared these data with data generated by optometrists. Measurement of uncorrected visual acuity was done with the E Chart by both teachers and optometrists.
Results: The sensitivity and specificity of teacher-administered tests were 25.0% and 96.6%, yielding positive and negative predictive values of 13.4% and 98.4%, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity rates did not show any significant difference between male and female populations (P=0.356, P=0.258), but the difference between specificity in urban and rural areas was significant (P<0.001).
Conclusions: Screening tests for visual impairment did not attain the desired level of sensitivity or specificity for case detection in school children. More accurate procedures are required to minimize the number of false negative results.
M Khabazkhoob, A Fotouhi, Mr Majdi, A Moradi, Z Haeri Kermani, M Seyed Nozadi,
Volume 3, Issue 1 (21 2007)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: To determine the risk factors for acute diarrhea disease in children.
Methods: This study involved 220 cases and 220 controls in Dr. Sheykh Hospital, a specialzed pediatric hospital in Mashhad. Cases were children seen in the emergency department with loose watery feces, diagnosed as acute diarrhea by the physician. The controls were selected from the same setting as the cases and included children with traumas, burns, acute respiratory complaints and other diseases.
Results: In univariate logistic regression, variables having a significant relationship with acute diarrhea disease included formula feeding in the first 6 months of life, antibiotic therapy over the preceding 15 days, mother's employment, mother's acquaintance with oral rehydration solutions, place of residence, and disruption in the water supply in the week before illness. We performed multiple logistic regression to examine the role of these variables as independent risk factors for acute diarrhea. Use of formulas before 6 months of age (OR=3.21, 95%CI: 1.77-5.79), and type of residence (OR=1.83, 95%CI: 1.24-2.71), and mother's employment (OR=2.48, 95%CI: 1.2-5.06) were the factors that remained in the multiple logistic model and had a significant relationship with the disease.
Conclusions: This study identified some environmental risk factors for acute diarrhea disease. High-risk groups and mothers of children under 5 years of age should be aware of these risk factors in order to prevent disease in their children. Prevention of acute diarrhea in children can significantly reduce the current burden on the health system.
M Khabazkhoob , A Fotouhi , A Moradi, K Mohammad ,
Volume 3, Issue 3 (18 2008)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Malnutrition is widely regarded as one of the factors affecting quality of life. The adverse effects of malnutrition have been documented in various age groups. School problems, learning difficulties, humiliation and teasing from peers are some of the most common complications of obesity and excessive thinness. The goal of this study was to determine the BMI and some of the factors affecting it in the students of Dezfool.
Methods: In a cross-sectional study and using random cluster sampling, 5726 students from 39 clusters were selected and anthropometric measurements were performed in the schools and under standard conditions. Cases of obesity and thinness were identified using BMI percentiles for age and sex (NCHS). A Body Mass Index above the 95th and below the 5th percentile was defined as obesity and thinness respectively.
Results: This study involved the participation of 5508 students (96.2%). The prevalence of thinness was 33% (1716) with a 95% confidence interval of 27.3%-38.8%. The prevalence of obesity was 2.6% (157) with a 95% confidence interval of 1.7%-3.4%. There was no significant difference between the prevalence of obesity or thinness between the two sexes (P>0.05). The prevalence of obesity and thinness significantly increased and decreased respectively with aging (P<0.05).
Conclusions: Malnutrition among the students in Dezfool predominantly takes the form of thinness, while obesity is not a serious problem in this population overall, these findings indicate poor nutritional status. High-risk groups have been identified and they must become the target of interventions by the Health and Education Ministries.
M Khabazkhoob, A Fotouhi, Mr Majdi , A Moradi , A Javaherforoshzadeh , Z Haeri Kermani , H Ghodsi ,
Volume 3, Issue 3 (18 2008)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Exclusive breast-feeding during the first 6 months of life is the best type of nutrition for the infants in terms of fulfilling their its physical and emotional needs. The incidence of many kinds of infection decreases with breast-feeding. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of exclusive breast-feeding infants aged less than 6 months in Mash'had and to look at some factors that affect breastfeeding.
Methods: This population-based survey used a stratified cluster sampling method to draw 30 clusters containing a total of 1450 infants aged 7-12 months. Data collection was performed using both questionnaires and interviews with mothers. Exclusive breast-feeding was defined as nursing through the first 6 months of life without any other food intake except drugs and vitamin supplements.
Results: The study achieved a response rate of 87.4% in mothers 51.2% of the infants were male and the remaining 48.8% (618) were female. The overall prevalence of exclusive breast-feeding during the first 6 months was 56.4% with (95% CI: 49.7%-63.2%). The figure was 57.2% (95% CI: 49.9%-64.4%) for boys and 55.7% (95% CI: 48.7%-62.6%) for girls. In this survey, 91.7% of the infants (95% CI: 88.7%–94.7%) had received breast-feeding immediately after birth. In multiple logistic regression analysis, the mother's age, her awareness of the adequacy of her milk, and advice from others to use formulas were the factors that had a significant relationship with breast-feeding in the first 6 months.
Conclusions: Almost 43% of infants had received alternative nutrition such as family food or formula. Considering the important effect of breast-feeding, provision of educational programs by the Health Ministry to raise the mothers' awareness of breast feeding can be a priority in children's health.
Aa Yekta, C Dehghani, H Ostadi Moghaddam, J Heravian, E Jafarzadehpur, A Azimi, R Yekta, A Javaherforoshzadeh, M Pedramfar, B Rezvan, N Kiasatfard, M Khabazkhoob,
Volume 6, Issue 3 (11 2010)
Abstract
Background & Objective: Refractive errors (myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism) could lead to an impaired quality of life affect a large proportion of the population worldwide, irrespective of age, sex and ethnic group. Such refractive errors can be easily diagnosed, measured and corrected with spectacles or other refractive corrections to attain normal vision. Since there is paucity of information in school children in Iran we aimed to investigate the distribution pattern of refractive status and prevalence of refractive errors in school-age children in Shiraz
Methods: A random sampling strategy in geographically defined clusters was used to identify children aged 6-15 years in Shiraz between 2008-2209. We carried out a school survey and actual eye examinations, including visual acuity measurements, stereopsis examination, anterior segment and eyeball movements, fundus examinations, and cycloplegic retinoscopy with 1% cyclopentolate.
Results: Of 3065 selected individuals, 2683 were participated in the study (response rate 86.6%). According to cycloplegic refraction, 4.85% (95% (Cl), 3.52 to 6.16) of the primary and middle school students were myopic and 4.64% (95% Cl, 3.52 to 6.19) were hyperopic. For high school students, these rates were 22.19 and 11.4% respectively. Myopia and hyperopia were shown to be correlated with age. Prevalence of anisometropia, amblyopia and strabismus were 2.51%, 2.31(95%CI 1.51-3.11) and 1.83% (95%CI 1.15-2.50).
Conclusion: Compared to other published reports, the rate of myopia in the school children of Shiraz seems relatively high.
H Ostadimoghaddam, Aa Yekta, J Heravian, A Azimi, Mj , Khoshsima, M Khaje Daluee, M Pedramfar, A Javaherforoshzadeh, S Aliakbari, M Hashemi Nejad, P Razavi Shandiz, S Golmohammadi, Z Haeri Kermani, M Khabazkhoob,
Volume 6, Issue 4 (16 2011)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: To determine the prevalence rates of refractive errors in Mashhad, Iran
Methods: In this population-based study, random cluster sampling was performed on the urban population of Mashhad and of 4453 selected individuals, 70.4% participated in the study. Refractive errors were assessed using cycloplegic refraction in participants who were ≤ 15 years of age and non-cycloplegic refraction in those who were > 15 years of age .
Results: The prevalence of myopia and hyperopia in individuals ≤ 15 years old was 3.64% (95% CI: 5.09 to 2.19) and 27.4% (95% CI: 31.09 to 23.72), respectively. The same measurements for individuals >15 years of age was 22.36% (95% CI: 24.66 to 20.06) and 34.21% (95 CI: 36.85 to 31.57), respectively. The prevalence of astigmatism and anisometropia were 25.64% and 5.84, respectively. Astigmatism and anisometropia were significantly more (p=0.005) and less (p=0.048) prevalent in females, respectively. Anisometropia, astigmatism and hyperopia were found to be increased with age.
Conclusions: This study highlighted the valuable information on refractive errors in Mashhad. Hyperopia was the most common refractive error. In addition to subjects who were between 5 to 15 years of age, refractive errors were also prevalent among older people therefore, more attention should be paid to the correction of refractive errors in these groups.
