Showing 10 results for Majdzadeh
G Shalviri, K Mohammad, S.r Majdzadeh, K Gholami,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (3 2005)
Abstract
Background and Objectives:To compare three different methods of signal detection applied to the Adverse Drug Reactions registered in the Iranian Pharmacovigilance database from 1998 to 2005.
Materials and Methods:All Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) reported to Iranian Pharmacovigilance Center from March 1998 through January 2005, were included in the analysis. The data were analyzed based on three different signal detection methods including Reporting Odds Ratios (PRRs), Bayesian Propagation Neural Network (BCPNN) and Reporting Odds Ratios (RORs). Signals detected by each method were categorized based on the number of reports per drug-adverse event combination, severity of the event and labeled or unlabeled ADRs. The methods applied to signal detection were then compared in recognizing different types of adverse events.
Results: A total of 6353 cases of ADR reports, describing 11130 reactions, were reported to Iranian Pharmacovigilance Center (IPC) during the study period. The dataset involved 4975 drug-event combinations, which were assessed for detecting signals.
The counts of drug-event combinations was 1, 2 and 3 or more for 3470, 727 and 779 combinations, respectively. There were 500 drug items responsible for 468 reaction terms in the database. According to PRR and 95% Confidence Interval, there were 2838, 872 and 488 drug-event combinations known as a signal for the pairs with the reporting frequency of ³1, ³2 and ³3 reports, respectively. The signals detected with the criteria of PRR³2, c2³4 were 2930, 872 and 480 for the pairs with the same reporting frequencies.
Estimates of RORs and the 95% Confidence Interval showed that 2722, 862 and 481 drug-event combinations were detected to be signal for the pairs with the reporting frequency of ³1, ³2 and ³3 reports, respectively, while measuring IC and IC-2SD detected 1120, 378 and 235 cases for the same reporting frequencies. There were 234 signals detected by all three methods.
Conclusion: Despite the similarities between data mining methodologies for signal detection, there are differences in the numbers of signals detected by each method. The study findings suggest that quantitative signal detection methods should be added to the routine Pharmacovigilance activities in Iran and the trends for quantitative measures over time should be monitored.
Z Rajabpoor, S.r Majdzadeh, A Feizzadeh Khorasani, A Motevalian, M Hoseini,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (3 2005)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Road traffic injuries are among the most important causes of death and disability in Iran, and the country has one of the highest prevalence of opioid drug use, especially among drivers. The effect of different situations related to opioid use needs great attention. The purpose of this study was to estimate the effect of driving in the withdrawal phase on the occurrence of traffic accidents leading to injury.
Materials and Methods: This is a Case-Crossover study on injured drivers of crashed motor vehicles in Kerman. Drivers having skipped one habitual drug dose within one hour of the driving session were considered as being in withdrawal. We compared the drivers' situation at the time of accident with their regular driving habits.
Results: Among 75 drivers who had history of regular use of opium, 15 were in withdrawal phase at the time of accident. The relative rate of occurrence of traffic injuries while driving in these circumstances was 2.67 (95% confidence interval: 1.52 - 4.68).
Conclusion: According to these findings we can conclude that habitual opioid users are at greater risk of traffic accidents while driving in withdrawal status this risk is more than two-fold relative to not being in withdrawal status.
K Holakouie Naeini, A Moradi, F Pourmalek, S.r Majdzadeh,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (3 2005)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The campaign to eliminate measles and rubella (MR) is one of the most important current health projects in Iran. One of the basic requirements of this program is the creation of an efficient system for collecting data on MR morbidity and mortality, people's knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) regarding MR prevention, and people's participation in the eradication drive. The present study was done to assess people's knowledge, attitude and practice in relation to the current anti-MR campaign.
Materials and Methods: This cross- sectional study was carried out fur months after the mass (anti-MR campaign (performed in May 2004). The target population included at the people aged 20-25y who lived in areas covered by Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services. The calculated sample size was 384, using a 2-stage sampling procedure. We used X2 tests, odds ratios and confidence intervals to detect relationships between various categorical variables. We also performed Cronbach's alpha test to assess questionnaire reliability, and principal component analysis to ensure construct validity.
Results: Data were collected on 390 individuals. The percentages of people with an acceptable level of knowledge, attitude and practice were 63.3%, 53.6% and 93.1% respectively. After controlling for confounders in a logistic regression model, it became apparent that knowledge concerning the mass immunization campaign was related to the individual's own education and that of his/her mother. Attitude was found to be affected by factors such as education, marital status and the family's main income level. The practice component, on the other hand, was not significantly related to any of the variables included in this study.
Conclusion: The positive achievements of this program should be used in planning any future immunization campaigns. Particular attention should be paid to factors that affect overall coverage. These include human resources, equipment, vaccines and other materials, service uality, the cold chain, information provided to the public, and people's as well as providers' knowledge of the immunization program, the target diseases (s) and the vaccines.
K Khalaji, R Majdzadeh, Mr Eshraghian, A Motevalian, K Holakouie Naieni,
Volume 2, Issue 1 (23 2006)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Considering the lack of adequate basic information on risk factors for road traffic injuries in Iran, a study was conducted to determine the association between potential risk factors and the incidence of injuries in motor vehicle drivers.
Methods: We performed a population-based case-control study on Qazvin-Loshan road. Risk factors related to injury incidence were compared between 175 cases and 175 controls. Cases were drivers recently injured in road accidents. Controls did not have any injury and were selected systematically while the study was being conducted. Injury was defined as trauma needing medical or surgical treatment. Information was obtained through police reports and interviews with cases and controls.
Data were analyzed by two methods bivariate analysis (crude) and by a multivariate unconditional logistic regression model.
Results: In bivariate analysis, risk factors for road traffic injuries risk were failure to wear seat belts or protective helmets, ejection from vehicle, severity of collision, number of crashes, motorcycle vs. other motor vehicle accidents, fire, rain and fog, and collision with fixed objects. In the logistic model, factors such as seat belt or helmet use with OR= 0.619 (0.376-1.018), ejection from the vehicle with OR= 2.952 (1.235-7.056), severe collision with OR= 5.413 (2.865-10.224), motorcycle vs. other motor vehicle accident with OR= 3.164 (1.05-9.537) and raining and fog vs. good weather with OR= 4.562 (1.663-12.514) were found to influence injury incidence. There was an interaction between severity of collision and weather status.
Conclusions: Better speed control, use of seat belts or helmets, not using motorcycles for road travel and equipping vehicles with fire extinguishing capsules are recommended to reduce road accident injuries.
S Nedjat, A Montazeri, K Mohammad, R Majdzadeh, N Nabavi, F Nedjat, M Nabavi, K Holakouie Naieni,
Volume 2, Issue 3 (24 2006)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: For those with a chronic illness, suffering may result not only from physical limitations, but also from the psychosocial consequences of having a chronic condition. Therefore, simply measuring physical health is not enough anymore. It is necessary to evaluate quality of life as an important clinical outcome in these patients. We conducted the present study to measure quality of life (QoL) in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and its predictors in comparison with the general population in Tehran, using a generic and overall QoL instrument, the WHOQOL-BREF (World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREIF). This questionnaire comprises four domains including physical health, mental health, social relationships, and environmental health. For each domain, scores range from 4 to 20, higher scores corresponding to a more favorable QOL.
Methods: This study was of cross-sectional type and involved 145 selected systematically patients registered in the Iranian Multiple Sclerosis Society. The WHOQOL-Questionnaire was filled in for these patients through telephone interviews. The results were compared with quality of life scores from the general population obtained from a population-based study in Tehran. Multiple regression was used for data analysis.
Results: The response rate was 97% 73.8% of participants were female, the mean age of participants was 36.5 (SD = 10.4) years, and the mean years of their formal education was 12.5 (SD=3.6). Mean scores for physical health, psychological health, social relationship and environmental health were 11.5 (SD=3.2), 11.8 (SD=3.2), 12.7 (SD=3.1), and 11.5 (SD=2.7), respectively. In comparison with the general population, the patients' scores in all domains were significantly lower than in the general population. Severity of disease and education level had a relationship with domain scores in regression analysis.
Conclusions: The WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire can discriminate between these patients’ quality of life and that of the general population and show the effect of disease severity and demographic variables on quality of life. Therefore the questionnaire can be used in this group of patients, although it may be necessary to add some specific questions to make the tool more sensitive in evaluating quality of life from a clinical perspective. Educational interventions are recommended to improve quality of life in this group of patients.
J Porolajal, R Majdzadeh,
Volume 4, Issue 3 (20 2009)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major public health problem worldwide. Islamic Republic of Iran is located in mesoendemic region (prevalence 2%-7%). The aim of this study was to assess prevalence of chronic HBV in Iran according to demographic characteristics.
Methods: Medline, Embase, Science Citation Index Expanded, Ovid, Google Scholar, IranMedex, SID, Magiran and The Scientific Journal of Iran Blood Transfusion Organization (SJIBT) from 2000 till May 2008 were searched. Cross-sectional studies concerning prevalence of hepatitis B infection in Iran were included irrespective of language and date. The outcome of interest was prevalence of chronic HBV infection detected by blood specimen positive for HBsAg.
Results: We icluded 34 studies. The prevalence of chronic HBV infection was estimated about 1.7% or lower in general population 0.8% (95% CI: 0.6%-0.9%) in blood donors and 3.2% (95% CI: 2.3% - 4.1%) in intravenous drug users. Prevalence of chronic HBV infection in beta thalassemic patients varied from zero to 1.5%. Prevalence of chronic HBV infection was higher in middle aged and elders than children, adolescent and youth and was 25% higher in males than females.
Conclusions: Since mass vaccination of hepatitis B in 1993, prevalence of chronic HBV infection has being reduced among children and adolescents. These age groups comprise a large proportion of general population and reduction of HBV infection in this age group may impact on total prevalence of hepatitis B infection, so that now Iran may be considered a hypoendemic region for HBV infection.
I Abdollahpour, S Nedjat, M Noroozian, R Majdzadeh,
Volume 6, Issue 4 (16 2011)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Content validity is the first type of validity that has to be ensured during the design of a tool. Its prerequisite for other validities and its close relationship with the tool reliability place it in a vital position in the questionnaire design. However, since it has not been paid enough attention in national publications therefore in this paper we will explain the different steps in preparing an appropriate content for questionnaires and also their assessment.
Methods: The steps of the content validation process for designing valid and reliable questionnaires have been explained in this paper: development (domain identification, items generation and instrument construction), Judgment – quantification (determining the inter rater agreement among experts, determining the clarity and relevancy of each of the questions along with the clarity, relevancy and comprehensiveness of the tool as a whole) have been explained.
Conclusions: The benefits of performing the content validation in questionnaire development are not increasing the possibility of accessing desirable content validity indexes (relevancy, clarity, and comprehensiveness) only, but also improving the Reliability indexes of tool and decreasing need for resources (financial and temporal) are the other benefits of this approach. Although subjective nature of experts’ responses is the problematic issue in this process but the more quantitative steps of the content validation has reduced considerable part of previous worries about this process. These issues explain why content validation has become a suitable process for questionnaire
I Abdollahpour, M Noroozian, S Nedjat, R Majdzadeh,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (19 2011)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Although it is important to study the association between caregiver burden and individual with dementia, a little has been paid attention to this issue in Iranian population therefore the aim of study was to investigate the frequency of psychiatric symptoms and patients with dementia and caregiver burden associated with individual with dementia.
Methods: In this study 84 patients who had referred to Iran Alzheimer’s Association, along with their caregivers were included in our study. Iranian Version of Caregiver Burden and NPI questionnaires were employed. Factors affecting factors on burden was analyzed by multivariate linear regression.
Results: Our findings showed that there was at least one psychiatric disorder in all patients. Among all psychiatric symptoms delusion and elation had the highest and lowest rates with 39.3 and 2.4 percentages, respectively. Linear regression indicated that “indifference” and “irritability” symptoms were the effective psychiatric symptoms on the amount of burden placed on the caregivers.
Conclusion: The symptom frequency of irritability and other symptoms showed a statistically significant positive correlation with caregiver's NPI-D score. These findings suggest that improvement of treatments for delusions, irritability among dementia patients may reduce caregiver burden.
R Dehnavieh, Aa Haghdoost, Sr Majdzadeh, S Noorihekmat, H Ravaghi, Mh Mehrolhasani, O Barati, H Salari, A Masoud, A Poursheikhali, N Mirshekari , S Ghasemi, A Esfandiary,
Volume 13, Issue 0 (Vol.13, (Special Issue) 2018)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Universal health coverage will have a problem in achieving it’s goals if it doesn’t consider the quality. This study aimed to Background and Objectives: Universal health coverage cannot achieve it’s goals if it doesn’t consider the quality. This study wants to assess the quality of health services in Iran, identify existing challenges and provide solutions.
Methods: This study was a mixed qualitative and review study. In the first stage, the national main indicators of the quality of services were reviewed. Then, the orientation of the available upstream documents on the quality of services was explained. The most important challenges, trends, and recommendations of health quality improvement were extracted via interviews.
Results: Proper observation of the Iran health care quality requires appropriate framework and indicators. Upstream documents strongly emphasized on the government's responsibility to play a key role as stewardship and that the health system should provide the necessary structural, procedural, and consequential requirements besides determining appropriate model. Quality management programs had obstacles in some aspects like the performance of managers and human resources, structural/communicational requirements, education, payment system, culture, use of quality management indicators and models, financial, information, and equipment resources, laws and regulations, and supervision.
Conclusion: Improving the quality of health services in Iran requires strategies in organizing, resource generation, payment, laws and regulations, and behavior of policy makers and planners. Quality tools should be used without haste and should pay attention changes in the nature of diseases, expectations of stakeholders, and increased global attention to this issue in designing related plans.
Layla Halimi, Eshagh Dortaj Rabari, Reza Majdzadeh, Aliakbar Haghdoost,
Volume 18, Issue 4 (Vol.18, No.4, Winter 2023)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: In adolescence, there is a heightened inclination to cultivate stronger social networks within schools, resulting in the exchange of information. This study investigates the influential factors that shape the exchange of information among students within their classrooms.
Methods: The study involved 350 male and female middle and high school students in Hamadan. Two types of networks were constructed within each class: the communication network, representing ordinary students’ interactions, and the specific network, which focused on the exchange of sensitive information about puberty. The network centrality index was calculated, and factors influencing information transfer were evaluated through a questionnaire.
Results: The degree of centrality in the social network of boys exceeded that of girls, with values of 55.4% versus 47.6% in the communication network, and 33.4% versus 20.1% in the specific network, respectively. The degree of centrality of students had significant positive association with the length of time that they spent with their friends. Moreover, we found the degree of centrality of students in both networks, particularly in special network, was stronger in high schools.
Conclusion: During adolescence, boys tend to possess a broader communication network within their classrooms, enabling them to effectively exchange information about puberty. Factors such as effective communication skills, knowledge about puberty, and spending time with their classmates play crucial roles in facilitating the exchange of information among adolescents in schools.
