V Torabi, M Mohebali, Ghh Edrissian, H Keshavarz, M Mohajeri, M Hajjaran, B Akhoundi, Aa Sanati, Z Zarei, A Delshad,
Volume 4, Issue 3 (20 2009)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: This study aimed to determine of the seroprevalence of visceral leishmaniasis to design a prevention and control program in Bojnoord district.
Methods: This was a descriptive and cross sectional study with multistage random sampling method. The study was carried out on children up to 12 years old and 10% of adult’s population in 8 rural areas of Bojnoord district in 2007. In total, 1608 blood samples were collected to detect anti-Leishmania antibodies. All the samples were tested by direct agglutination test (DAT). In order to determine Leishmania species, necropsy was performed on four suspected dogs in the studied areas. The species of Leishmania was determined by RAPD-PCR and PCR-RFLP methods using to amplify the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1).
Results: Thirty and eight (2.36%) out of 1608 collected blood samples had anti-Leishmania antibodies at titer 1:800 and nine (0.56%) were just positive at 1:3200 by DAT. There was no statistically significant difference between female and male seroprevalence (p<0/05). The seoprevalence in children <=12 years old compared to individuals greater than 12 years old did not show any statistically significant (p<0/05). Amastigotes were observed in all 4 necropsied dogs. The species of Leishmania isolated from 2 dogs, was determined as L.Infantum. Their ITS1 sequences were registered with Accession numbers EU810776 and EU810777 in NCBI.
Conclusions: These findings showed that visceral leishmaniasis has been circulated with low endemicity in Bojnoord district. Therefore an appropriate monitoring system is needed for health services in this area.
M Soltanian, P Mohajeri, F Najafi, S Kazami, F Asadi,
Volume 13, Issue 4 (VOl 13, No.4, Winter 2018)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The presence of biological aerosols in the air of medical centers is more than other enclosed spaces. Determining the role and importance of such factors has always attracted the attention of health and medical researchers. This study aimed to evaluate the bacterial density of surgical and infectious wards in two important hospitals of Kermanshah and environmental factors affecting them.
Methods: In this study, a total of 160 samples were selected. One hundred and twenty eight samples were related to the air of surgical and infectious wards in two stages before and after disinfection of wards and 32 samples were related to the hospital outdoor air as the control sample. MCS Flite (SKC) air sampling pump was equipped with a Biostage 225 (SKC) microbial sampling cassette made in the USA. Data were analyzed with SPSS 19.
Results: The highest bacterial density in the air was measured in Imam Khomeini Hospital (402.7± 200.3 CFU/m3) and the lowest was in Imam Reza Hospital (258.6 ± 90.5 CFU/m3). There was a significant inverse relationship between air temperature and total bacterial density and a significant direct relationship between the whole population and bacterial density.
Conclusion: It seems that reduced bacterial density in wards’ air with increased temperature occurs due to increasing the air volume and replacing air in wards. The presence of people in the ward plays an important role in increased bacterial density.
