Showing 11 results for Mostafavi
E Mostafavi, M Asmand,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (20 2012)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Brucellosis is a zoonotic infection transmitted from
animals to humans by the ingestion of infected food products, direct contact
with an infected animal or inhalation of aerosols. This study aimed to describe
the trend and to assess the effect of livestock vaccination rates on reported
brucellosis in human across Iran.
Methods: Trends in the epidemiology of human
and animal brucellosis in Iran were investigated by analyzing national
surveillance data between 1991 till 2008.
Results: The
average annual incidence of human brucellosis was 43.24 per100000 population.
On average, approximately 27500 new cases have been reported in the country.
There was a fall in the incidence rate of Brucellosis over recent years(r=-0.79,
P<0.001). In different provinces there was a significant association between
the annual incidence of human brucellosis and the annual infection rate of
sheep and goats
(r =0.347, P<0.001), the annual incidence of human brucellosis and the
annual infection rate of cattle (r =0.327, P<0.001) and the annual incidence
of human brucellosis and the percentage of vaccinated cows (r=0.098, P=0.031).
Conclusion: As the
prevalence of human brucellosis depends closely with the prevalence of
brucellosis in animals, control of the disease in human population needs the cooperation
between different public health organizations.
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Gh Moradi, M Sehat, Aa Haghdoost, M Karami, R Chaman, Z Khazaei, E Goudarzi, M Asadi Lari, E Mostafavi, K Holakouie Naieni ,
Volume 12, Issue 0 (Special Issue Vol.12 2017)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Epidemiology is a tool and a field of science which provides evidences necessary to make decisions. It is known as one of the basic sciences of public health. This study aimed to identify strategies for the promotion of epidemiology by Iranian Epidemiological Association so that people graduated in this field would become able to play an effective and positive role in different parts of the country.
Methods: This study was conducted in 2015. The views and opinions of the members of Iranian Epidemiological Association were collected by email. The views of the members were classified using qualitative methods.
Results: The results of this study helped to identify some of the strategies for the promotion of the position of epidemiology in Iran’s health system by the members of Iranian Epidemiological Association.
Conclusion: Iranian Epidemiological Association can play a more effective role in the promotion of epidemiology in the health system. Effective communication with the members, holding group meetings, advocacy and negotiation, reporting the activities of the Association continuously, identifying national problems and seeking solutions are some of the strategies that can help to enhance the role of the Association and promote the position of epidemiologists in Iran.
F Bagheri Amiri , Ar Bahonar, E Mostafavi, Ma Mansournia, N Rasouli , Mh Fallah Mehrabadi, D Abdollahi, Sholepash,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (Vol 12, No.1 2016)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is one of major contagious animal. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the determinants associated with FMD occurrence in farms.
Methods: A case- control study was carried out in cattle farms. The cases were farms with new reports of FMD and controls were units without any report of FMD in last 6 month. For assessing the risk factors, a researcher- made questionnaire was used. Statistical analyses were done with SPSS version 16 using the logistic regression test.
Results: Purchase of new livestock [OR: 14.69 (CI95%: 4.29, 50.36)] and passing migratory livestock [OR: 13.32 (CI 95%: 1.74, 101.87) were identified as the risk factors of the disease. Visiting the farm by the vaccinator in last 2 weeks [OR: 0.17 (CI 95%: 0.05, 0.63)] and buying new livestock from the same village/ city where the farm is located [OR: 0.16 (CI 95%: 0.04, 0.58)] were considered as protective factors.
Conclusion: Considering the role of infected livestock in the country, the most important steps for effective preventation are: areadherence to biosecurity as well as quarantining new purchased animals, and informing and training farmers to not purchase new animals from farms that are located in the infected areas and around the times of outbreak.
R Safari Faramani, H Akbarin, Aa Haghdoost, A Beigzadeh, Ah Takian, R Malekzadeh, E Mostafavi, H Sharifi,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (Vol 12, No.1 2016)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Taking into account the roles and positions of WHO Collaborating Centers (WHOCCs) in the furtherance of national goals and the great impact of their interaction as well as cooperative relations between these centres, this study was conducted to assess the current status of WHOCCs, identify opportunities and threats, and provide practical solutions to solve WHOCCs problems.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted using an open-ended questionnaire in 2014. The questionnaire revolved around the WHOCCs' status in terms of goal achievement, manpower problems, financial resources, communications, as well as suggestions to solve problems in these domains. These findings were approved in the second convention of the heads of WHOCCs in Kerman in 2014 and the questionnaires of the second phase were distributed and completed by participants. Data were analyzed using the content analysis method.
Results: The majority of the centres assessed their performance regarding the national goals (11.59) in comparison with international goals (14.20), and self-regulated goal setting (14.7o) in an unfavorable condition. Financial problems and lack of recruitment were the most important problems for WHOCCs. The support of the Ministry of Health, WHO, supporting universities, and establishing research networks at national and international levels to foster communication, contracts to share experiences and resources, considering the authors' rights as well as introducing the competencies of centres at national and international levels, were some of the suggestions proposed.
Conclusion: It seems that more support of the WHO, Ministry of Health, and supporting universities is needed to increase financial resources and recruit staff.
A Doosti Irani , F Bagheri Amiri , R Khajehkazemi, E Mostafavi,
Volume 13, Issue 1 (Vol 13, No 1, Spring 2017)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Internet addiction is a social-physiological event with emotional disturbance, depression, and disruption of social relationships. In addition, Internet addiction has a negative effect on the efficacy of the affected people. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Internet addiction in students and graduates of medical sciences.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on the sideline of epidemiology, microbiology and pediatric diseases congresses from May to October 2013. The participants included the students and graduates of epidemiology, clinical sciences, and other basic sciences from all medical universities of throughout Iran. The Young’s addiction questionnaire was used to assess Internet addiction.
Results: One hundred and thirty one students and graduates with a mean age 36.1 (±8.4) years participated in this study. The prevalence of mild and moderate Internet addiction was 61.83% (95% CI: 40.53, 70.26) and 26.95% (95% CI: 26.95, 33.56), respectively. None of the participants suffered from severe Internet addiction.
Conclusion: Severe Internet addiction was not observed in our study. However, a high proportion of the participants had mild and moderate Internet addiction. Therefore, many participants may be at risk of severe addiction. It seems that planning for preventive measures, especially in academic groups, is necessary.
Gh Moradi, M Sehat, Aa Haghdoost, M Karami, R Chaman, Z Khazaei, E Goudarzi, M Asadi Lari, E Mostafavi, K Holakouie Naieni,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (Vol.13, No.2, Summer 2017)
Abstract
Background and objective: Epidemiology is a tool and a field of Medical sciences which provides evidences necessary to make scientific decisions. This study aimed to identify strategies for the promotion of the epidemiology by Iranian Epidemiological Association (IrEA) so that people graduated in this field would become able to play an effective and positive role in different parts of the country.
Methods: This study was conducted in 2015. The views and opinions of the members of IrEA were collected by email. The views of the members were classified using qualitative methods.
Results: The results of this study helped to identify some of the strategies for the promotion of the position of epidemiology in Iran health system by the members of IrEA.
Conclusion: IrEA can play a more effective role in the promotion of this field of study in the health system. Effective communication with the members, holding group meetings, advocacy and negotiation, reporting the activities of the association continuously, identifying national problems and seeking solutions are some of the strategies that can help to enhance the role of the community and promote the position of epidemiologists in Iran.
E Mostafavi, Aa Haghdoost, P Yavari, R Chaman, A Mesdaghinia, M Enayatrad,
Volume 13, Issue 4 (VOl 13, No.4, Winter 2018)
Abstract
To acknowledge the scientific scholars who have contributed to the advancement of knowledge and service without sacrifice to the homeland, it is necessary to to document their biography in a way to highlight their prominent personal characteristics for next generations.
Prof. Abolhassan Nadim, the retired professor of epidemiology and the founder of modern epidemiology in Iran, holding PhD in Parasitology, Epidemiology and Laboratory Sciences, has carried out brilliant activities in the field of epidemiology and health at national, regional and international levels. His activities have been carried out in various areas of epidemiology and health, and his major activities are in various aspects of Leishmaniosis and phlebotomouses distibution. With more than 45 years of service, most of the graduates of epidemiology in the country, directly or indirectly, had been his students.
A glimpse over the great life of Prof. Abulhassan Nadim, shows that the abundant knowledge, the constant effort and the love and interest in the honest service in their lives are the enlightening of the people who are walking in this way.
Gh Moradi, S Vahedi, Kh Rahmani, M Zeinali, E Mostafavi, H Erfani, F Bonakdar, Mkh Ghanbari, B Amiri, E Ghaderi, Mm Gouya,
Volume 15, Issue 2 (Vol.15, No.2 2019)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Iran has long been considered to be one of the countries in the world with endemic brucellosis. The aim of this study was to review the surveillance system of brucellosis in Iran.
Methods: Data of this study were obtained from the surveillance system of the Center for Communicable Disease Control, the review of records, documents, books and published articles and also interviews with process owners and experts of brucellosis surveillance in 2017-2019.
Results: In the current surveillance system in Iran, all patients with brucellosis will undergo standard treatment for at least 2 months. The patient identified at each site, private or public sector, reports to the health center of the city. After reporting cases to higher levels, city health center carried out required epidemiologic investigation in the place of reported case in collaboration with its environmental levels. Finally, the individual assessment form, epidemiologic investigation form, for reported case is completed and registered in national surveillance database.
Conclusion: Although integration of the brucellosis surveillance program into the health system of the country and reporting and treatment of human cases in accordance with the country's protocol in recent years is well executed, brucellosis control in Iran requires the one health approach. Accordingly, it can be concluded that despite the decrease in the number of brucellosis cases in recent years, the weakness in livestock surveillance has led to many fluctuations in the health system's success in providing surveillance for human cases of brucellosis.
E Ghaderi, M Salehi Vaziri , E Mostafavi, Gh Moradi, Kh Rahmani, M Zeinali, Mr Shirzadi, H Erfani, Sh Afrasiabian, S Eybpoosh,
Volume 15, Issue 3 (Vol.15, No.3 2019)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: To provide an overview of the national program of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever surveillance in Iran, its current achievements, and challenges.
Methods: In this mixed method study, the relevant reports, documents, and guidelines, as well as published literature and surveillance data were gathered and critically reviewed. The opinions of the key informants at local and governmental levels were assessed through structured interviews.
Results: The program was integrated into Iran’s primary healthcare (PHC) network in 1999. The involved organizations include CDC, medical universities, Pasteur Institute of Iran (PII), and Veterinary Organization. Case finding is based on standard definitions of suspected, probable, and confirmed cases. Laboratory confirmation is necessary for diagnosis and is provided within 48 hours after receipt of the specimen by the National Reference Laboratory of PII. CCHF treatment is primarily supportive. Antiviral therapy with ribavirin is also considered. Both therapeutic services are free. Education mainly focuses on high-risk groups and healthcare workers. Major achievements of the program include rapid diagnosis and treatment of cases, prevention of nosocomial transmission, identification of high-risk provinces and major transmission routes, improved outbreak preparedness, development of laboratory tests for detection of other arboviruses, and reduction of CCHF case fatality rate.
Conclusion: Program implementation has had a positive impact on early detection and proper control of annual outbreaks. However, some aspects of the program still need improvement, including promotion of the general and high-risk populations’ awareness and regional collaborations (especially among neighboring countries) for infection control in humans, livestock, and vectors.
E Mostafavi, Gh Moradi, Kh Rahmani, F Jahanbakhsh, S Eybpoosh, M Keypour, E Ghaderi, H Erfani, K Hajibagheri, M Zeinali, M Khodabandehloo, M Shirzadi,
Volume 16, Issue 1 (Vol.16, No.1 2020)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to present a summary of the rabies surveillance program in humans in the country, its achievements and its strengths and weaknesses.
Methods: This study was a review of the country's plan for surveillance and control of rabies in humans. The sources of information included the data, reports, documents, and published guidelines. The viewpoints of stakeholders and experts were also reviewed in this study.
Results: Since rabies is a zoonotic disease, its effective management requires a good collaboration between several organizations. Moreover, because Iran is located in an endemic region, there is a need for the development of regional and international cooperation for the success of disease prevention, control and management. Animal services for biting and rabies control are provided free of charge in more than 700 centers in the country. Major achievements of the program include timely preventive treatment for animal bite cases, knowledge of the geographical distribution of the disease, identification of high-risk provinces, and decreasing the percentage of human deaths.
Conclusion: The program has performed well for rabies secondary prevention. Some aspects of the program, however, still need to be improved, including improvement of educational programs targeting general population and high-risk groups, animal bite prevention, vaccination of domestic dogs, controlling the population of stray dogs, rabies control in wild animals, and proper waste collection and disposal.
Elham Rahimi, Ebrahim Ghaderi, Ehsan Mostafavi, Mohammad Hossein Panahi, Manoochehr Karami,
Volume 19, Issue 1 (Vol.19, No.1, Spring 2023)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The publication of outbreak investigation reports is critical for disseminating lessons learned from outbreaks. While there are existing reporting guidelines for outbreak investigations, there is a gap in specific guidelines for reporting food-borne and water-borne outbreaks. This study aims to introduce a specific framework and reporting guideline for food and waterborne outbreak investigations in Iran.
Methods: The initial draft of the framework for reporting food and waterborne outbreaks was derived from existing general reporting guidelines for outbreak investigations. Additionally, a systematic review of studies reporting outbreaks of waterborne and foodborne diseases from 2010 to 2022 was conducted without language restrictions to extract relevant information. Expert opinions were then sought to finalize and adapt the reporting guideline.
Results: The reporting guideline framework for outbreaks of waterborne and foodborne diseases consists of eight parts: title, abstract (background, methods, results, conclusion), introduction, methods (study characteristics, study type, variables under investigation), results (participant information, statistical results, laboratory results, environmental investigation results), discussion, conclusion, and conflict of interest.
Conclusion: This specific reporting guideline for food and waterborne outbreak investigations can be utilized by outbreak investigation teams, rapid response teams, and researchers to effectively report the results of outbreak investigations in this domain.
