Showing 7 results for Nadim
R Heshmat, A.a Keshtkar, R Sheykh-Ol-Eslam, M Baghery, A Nadim,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (3 2005)
Abstract
Background and Objectives:To compare three different methods of signal detection applied to the Adverse Drug Reactions registered in the Iranian Pharmacovigilance database from 1998 to 2005.
Materials and Methods:All Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) reported to Iranian Pharmacovigilance Center from March 1998 through January 2005, were included in the analysis. The data were analyzed based on three different signal detection methods including Reporting Odds Ratios (PRRs), Bayesian Propagation Neural Network (BCPNN) and Reporting Odds Ratios (RORs). Signals detected by each method were categorized based on the number of reports per drug-adverse event combination, severity of the event and labeled or unlabeled ADRs. The methods applied to signal detection were then compared in recognizing different types of adverse events.
Results: A total of 6353 cases of ADR reports, describing 11130 reactions, were reported to Iranian Pharmacovigilance Center (IPC) during the study period. The dataset involved 4975 drug-event combinations, which were assessed for detecting signals.
The counts of drug-event combinations was 1, 2 and 3 or more for 3470, 727 and 779 combinations, respectively. There were 500 drug items responsible for 468 reaction terms in the database. According to PRR and 95% Confidence Interval, there were 2838, 872 and 488 drug-event combinations known as a signal for the pairs with the reporting frequency of ³1, ³2 and ³3 reports, respectively. The signals detected with the criteria of PRR³2, c2³4 were 2930, 872 and 480 for the pairs with the same reporting frequencies.
Estimates of RORs and the 95% Confidence Interval showed that 2722, 862 and 481 drug-event combinations were detected to be signal for the pairs with the reporting frequency of ³1, ³2 and ³3 reports, respectively, while measuring IC and IC-2SD detected 1120, 378 and 235 cases for the same reporting frequencies. There were 234 signals detected by all three methods.
Conclusion: Despite the similarities between data mining methodologies for signal detection, there are differences in the numbers of signals detected by each method. The study findings suggest that quantitative signal detection methods should be added to the routine Pharmacovigilance activities in Iran and the trends for quantitative measures over time should be monitored.
S Bokaie, L Sharifi, S Mamishi, A Nadim,
Volume 1, Issue 3 (25 2006)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Kala azar is a parasitic disease which belongs to the category of metazoonoses (a communicable disease which requires at least to an invertebrate host), In Iran canines are major reservoir for it and most of patients are 6 months to 2 years old. The aim of this study was evaluation of the clinical and epidemiologic aspects of visceral leishmaniasis in patients visiting the Children Medical Center over the 12 past years.
Methods: This study used the hospital records of a case series of 106 kala azar patients hospitalized in the Children's Medical Center between 1991 and 2001. We extracted and analyzed data on geographical location, background factors, clinical and laboratory findings, response to treatment and Glucantimeâ side effects.
Results: The greatest number of cases was seen in 1992 and the smallest number in 1993 and 2003 the number of cases peaked in the spring. Most patients referred to the Center are aged 1 to 4 years, and there is a strong preponderance of males (82.1% vs 17.9%). The majority of these children came from families in which the breadwinner was a peasants or a laborer. Common laboratory findings included anemia, rising ESR titers and thrombocytopenia. The most striking clinical signs and symptoms were fever, splenomegaly and hepatomegaly. Eighty-three percent of the patients had shown clinical improvement, 1.9% had died and 15.1% had relapsed. Moreover, in 52.8% of cases, the disease was treated successfully with within 2 weeks the incidence of Glucantimâ side effects was low. The cities of Khorramabad, Karaj and Saveh had produced the greatest numbers of cases.
Conclusions: Compared to other studies, our case series showed a higher proportion of male patients and a somewhat different clinical and laboratory profile. However, the most important achievement of this study was identification of major endemic foci in Ardabil province, northwestern parts of Ghom province, Khorramabad, and regions located south of the Alborz Mountains (e.g. Saveh
M Rezaeian, A Dehdarinejad, A Esmaili Nadimi, Sz Tabatabaie,
Volume 4, Issue 1 (22 2008)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide and is predicted to retain this position until 2020. The aim of the present study was to map cardiovascular mortality rates in Kerman Province counties during 2004-2005.
Methods: In this descriptive study we collected all mortality data registered in various counties of Kerman Province. We calculated mortality rates and drew maps showing the geographical distribution of the dead cases.
Results: Total cardiovascular mortality was higher in the northern counties. The pattern is the same in males and females
Conclusions: The reasons for higher mortality in the northern regions of the province may include a greater prevalence of major cardiovascular risk factors such as physical inactivity, unhealthy diets, and smoking.
F Farivar, R Heshmat, B Azemati, Sh Abbaszadeh Ahranjani, Aa Keshtkar, R Sheykholeslam, A Nadim,
Volume 5, Issue 2 (22 2009)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Lack of nutritional knowledge is one of the most important reasons of nutritional problems worldwide and consequently, improper practice which can lead to several complications such as: malnutrition and non-contagious diseases. This study has been designed to investigate the knowledge, attitude and practices of the urban households regarding practical principals of nutrition in Boushehr, Golestan, and Sistan & Balouchestan provinces in 2004.
Methods: Evaluation of knowledge, attitude and practice of urban households towards practical principals of nutrition in mentioned provinces was carried out by this cross sectional study. The sampling method at the level of the households in each province was the single-stage cluster sampling with equal size clusters. The necessary data were gathered with a structured questionnaire and via the interviews between the questioners and the eligible people in each household.
Results: A total of 1154 individuals were participated in this survey. Approximately seventy percent of individuals were aware about having basic four food groups and 45% of them were also aware of role of food group in human body. Majority of people had acceptable attitudes toward nutrition. Based on standard criteria consumption of meat was rare and consumption of fish was in medium level, legumes in high level, fruits and vegetables, milk & dairy products were in acceptable level. Consumption of carbonated beverages, junk foods and sugar were in high level.
Conclusion: The findings of this study imply a need for effective implementation of nutritional community interventions by health policy makers in Iranian health systems.
B Azemati , R Heshmat , Aa Keshtkar , M Bagheri , R Sheykholeslam , A Nadim ,
Volume 5, Issue 4 (11 2010)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: The aim of this study was carried out to compare knowledge, attitude and practice of urban and rural households towards osteopenia and osteoporosis in Golestan, Sistan & Balouchestan and Boushehr provinces in Iran.
Methods: single-stage cluster sampling was used. The questions about knowledge about, attitude toward and practice of nutritional factors related to osteopenia and osteoporosis were asked by a structured interview.
Results: A total of 2306 households have been selected as overall sample size. Knowledge level of urban households about calcium as a preventive factor of osteoporosis & osteopenia was more in Sistan & Balouchestan, Golestan and Boushehr provinces. Knowledge level of urban households about calcium food courses: (Milk, Yogurt, Cheese and Dairy alternatives) was also better than that of rural habitants (P<0.01). Urban residents' attitude toward osteoporosis compared to rural residents was better (P 0.01>). Consumption of pasteurized milk had been paid more attention in urban households (P<0.001). The difference of daily milk intake in rural and urban households with pregnant or lactating women was not significant. Exposure of infant to sun as preventive factor was not satisticaly significant between rural and urban habitants.
Conclusion: It is concluded that the level of knowledge, attitude and practice of rural households toward osteoporosis and osteopenia was weaker than urban households.
Mr Aflatoonian, I Sharifi, A Nadim, B Aflatoonian,
Volume 9, Issue 4 (3-2014)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Bam is one of the old CL centers and this study aimed to determine and compare the period prevalence among its population and housing units in two periods of 1990-92 and 2010-2012.
Methods: In this descriptive–analytical study, data were collected in the questionnaires through door-to-door visits environmental hygiene, and inquiring the history of the CL disease. A questionnaire was completed for each household, the data were analyzed using SPSS software and t- and X2 tests. P<0.05 was considered significant.
Results: The prevalence rates in the periods 1998-1999 and 2010-2012 were 10.3% and 2.1%, in the study population and 33.6% and 5.5% in the residential units in the period of the last 3 years, respectively with a very significant difference (P<0.0001). The environmental hygiene of the houses in terms of vector breeding was significantly lower in the period 1990-1992 than 2010-2012 (P<0.0001). The mean score of environmental hygiene was 11.5 and 16.6 out of 20 during the two periods, respectively.
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, urban CL is extremely reflective of the environmental changes and probably the best preventive measure is to improve the environmental hygienic conditions in and around the households. Public participation and commitment of the health authorities in this regard could be an important measure for planning preventive programs.
Mr Aflatoonian, A Nadim, I Sharifi, M Bamorevat, S Tajik, M Hashemian, R Abasi Rayeni, R Shabanzadeh, B Aflatoonian,
Volume 15, Issue 3 (Vol.15, No.3 2019)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is one of the health problems in Iran, especially in Kerman Province. The aim of this study was to determine the morbidity rate of CL in two new foci in the east and southeast of Kerman.
Methods: At the end of 2017, demographic data were obtained from the health centers of Kerman. Using cluster sampling, 800 households (40 clusters of 20 households) were studied in Allahabad (southeast) and Sarasiab (east), Keramn. From each subject, data were collected regarding age, sex, number and location of the ulcer(s), scarring, and time and place of infection. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software.
Results: The prevalence of CL was 9.6 in Allahabad and 42.8 in Sarasiab and the incidence (new cases) was 3.2 and 3.8, respectively. The highest rate of infection was found in Allahabad in the age group under 6 years old and in the Sarasiab was over 40 years old. There was a significant difference in nationality and local transmission between the rwo regions (P <0.001).
Conclusion: The ratio of the prevalence to incidence in two regions showed that the focus in the east of Kerman was almost 12 years old, whilst a new focus is developing in the southeast. It is suggested that the health centers in the city of Kerman provide a regular program including active case- detection and free-of-charge treatment of patients in the aforementioned areas until complete recovery to achieve disease control.
