Showing 15 results for Nazari
K Holakouie Naieni, A Ostovar, A Danesh, S Sadjedinejad, L Ghalichee, Gh Moradi, Ma Mansournia, Ss Hashemi Nazari,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (22 2010)
Abstract
Background and objective: The nested case-control study has become popular as an efficient alternative to the full-cohort design. This study compares the results of a nested case-control analysis approach with the full cohort analysis.
Methods: A cohort of 276 subjects (new cases from a TB registry) was used for this study. Cox Regression model was used for the full cohort analysis. In order to do the nested case-control analysis, for each death, three random controls were selected from those who did not suffer from the outcome at the time of the outcome took place. Case control data was analyzed by the conditional logistic regression model.
Results: Results from both cohort and nested case-control analyses show that treatment group is the only variable that affects on the outcome. Gender, place of residence, and age has no effect on the outcome. For binary exposure variables with trivial effects (e.g. Gender and place of residence), the relative efficiency of nested case-control study design is approximately 75%.
Conclusion: Results of this study show that nested case-control study is not only an easy and cost-effective method for data analysis but also is as robust as cohort analysis in rate ratio and its variance estimation.
H Sabour, A Norouzia Javidan, Mr Vafa, F Shidfar, M Nazari, S Athari Nik Azm, A Rahimi, H Emami Razavi, H Saberi,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (20 2011)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Despite an increased risk of obesity and CHD in people with spinal cord injury (SCI),
there is little known about the dietary intake in this group, therefore the aim of this study was to examine nutrient
intake and body mass index (BMI) in the spinal cord injury (SCI) population according to level of injury and
related variables.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 162 patients with spinal cord injury participated from Brain and Spinal
Injury Repair research Center, Tehran, Iran. Dietary intakes were assessed by means of a semi quantitative food
frequency questionnaire.
Results: The mean age of study population was 34.1±0.6 years. Total energy and carbohydrate intake were
higher in men than women (P<0.001). Incomplete injured consumed more MUFA (P=0.03). The elderly were
consumed less total calorie, saturated fat, MUFA, cholesterol (P<0.01) and PUFA (P<0.05). Injured patients with
longer times had lower total calorie, carbohydrate (P<0.01), total fat and MUFA intake (P<0.05). Based on new
classification 60.5% were at the risk of obesity or obese. Central obesity was seen in 33.1%of man and 48.4%
of women. BMI of the paraplegia group was greater than that of the tetraplegia group (P= 0.009).
Conclusion: Macronutrients balance is moved towards higher saturated fat intake and less complex
carbohydrates and protein intake in SCI patient’s .The elderly and patients who had lived with SCI longer time
tended to maintain healthier diets.
K Holakouie Naieni , S Hashemi Nazari , M Mahmoodi, M Shekari, A Madani,
Volume 9, Issue 4 (3-2014)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: One of the major questions in epidemiological and social science researches is studying the relationship of the living place with social and health outcomes. In this study, we measured segregation indices for a number of important socioeconomic indices using the 2006 Iranian census data to find out whether residential segregation is correlated with the available differences in the health level in the subgroups of certain variables.
Methods: Twenty percent of the 2006 national census data was used for measuring segregation indices. Residential segregation indices were measured once for Hormozgan Province among its eleven cities and then for each city among theirs sections. Six segregation indices were measured. We used the common cut points for interpreting the values of dissimilarity index and information theory index.
Results: According to the dissimilarity and information theory index, the segregation of most of the variables in the province fell within the category of mild segregation. Segregation of the variables in some cities fell within the category of moderate, severe, and even extreme. Conclusion: The results indicated improper distribution of some of these variables in geographic units in some of the cities of Hormozgan Province. This information can help the authorities who are committed to implementing the health equity and social justice.
E Akbari, E Mayvaneh, A Entezari, M Nazari,
Volume 10, Issue 3 (Vol 10, No.3 2014)
Abstract
Background & Objectives : Leishmaniasis is a disease of the skin caused by a variety of protozoa. Leishmaniasis can be seen in any geographic region. This study investigated the role of climate on the prevalence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the city of Sabzevar between 2003 and 2009.
Methods : Daily meteorological data (minimum, maximum and mean temperature, sunshine hours, precipitation, and humidity) and city-level data on the prevalence of cutaneous leishmaniasis between 2003 and 2009 were prepared and analyzed using Pearson correlation, time delay, and time series methods.
Results: The maximum incidence of the disease was observed during the second half of the year, especially in the autumn, in the age group 10 to 20 years. The highest incidence was seen among women and for the wet (rural) type. In addition, the disease showed a weak positive correlation with relative humidity and rainfall, and a weak inverse correlation with sunshine and temperature. It is noteworthy that in the delay analysis, correlations increased with a confidence interval of 95%. In the time delay of three months, the correlation of leishmaniasis incidence and prevalence with relative humidity and rainfall was positive and strong (r=0.82 and P=0.006, r=0.88 and P=0.002, respectively) and the correlation of the disease with temperature and sunshine hours was inverse and strong (r=0.80 and P=0.01, r=0.77 and P=0.01, respectively).
Conclusion : Considering the significant relationship between climatic factors and leishmaniasis in desert regions, we recommend appropriate measures should be taken to identify and control these factors.
M Khodadost, P Yavari, Ss Hashemi Nazari , M Babaei, A Abadi, F Sarvi,
Volume 10, Issue 4 (Vol 10, No 4 2015)
Abstract
Background and Objectives : Awareness of the cancer incidence is essential for cancer prevention and control programs. Capture-recapture methods have been recommended for reducing bias and increasing the accuracy of cancer incidence estimation. This study aimed to estimate the incidence of gastric cancer by the capture-recapture method based on Ardabil population-based cancer registry data.
Methods: All new cases of gastric cancer reported by three sources, i.e. pathology reports, death certificates, and medical records, reported to Ardabil population-based cancer registry between 2006 and 2008 were enrolled in the study. The duplicate cases based on the similarity of the first name, surname, and father's name were identified among sources. The estimated incidence was calculated by the log-linear method using the Stata 12 software.
Results : A total 857 new cases of gastric cancer were reported from three sources. After removing duplicates, the reported incidence rate was 35.3 and 32.5 per 100,000 population for the years 2006 and 2008, respectively. The estimated incidence rate calculated by the log-linear method for these years was 96.2 and 90.4 per 100,000 population, respectively.
Conclusion: The results showed that none of the sources of pathology reports, death certificates, and medical records, individually or collectively, fully covered the incidence of gastric cancer. We can obtain more accurate estimates of the incidence rate using the capture-recapture method.
T Rezagholi, P Yavari, F Abolhasani, K Etemad, A Khosravi, Ss Hashemi Nazari , A Mahmoudlou,
Volume 10, Issue 4 (Vol 10, No 4 2015)
Abstract
Background and Objectives : Breast cancer is the second most common cancer among Iranian women. The peak age of breast cancer in Iran is one decade lower than the global estimates. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to estimate the burden of breast cancer in Iranian women in the country level.
Methods: In this study, the CANMOD software was used for the calculation of DALYs as the sum of YLL and YLD. The required data was the population of the Iranian women, mortality due to breast cancer, incidence cases of breast cancer, and mean time of the stages of breast cancer that was obtained from the Mortality Registry System, Cancer Registry System, and expert panel views .
Results : In this study, the total burden of breast cancer in Iranian women was 75811 years in 2009. Moreover, the years of life lost (YLL) was 54938 years while years lived with disability (YLD) was estimated 20873 years. The rate of DALYs per 100000 female population was 220.9 years. The peak age of breast cancer burden was in the age group 45-59 years. The incidence to mortality ratio was 3/2.
Conclusion: The incidence rate, mortality rate, and the burden of breast cancer in Iranian women increased in 2009 when compared to a previous study in 2003. The findings of this study may provide Iranian health managers with some information on the determinants of the burden of breast cancer in order to design preventive measures as well as screening programs for early detection of breast cancer.
Y Mokhayeri , Aa Haghdoost, M Mahmoudi, M Asadi-Lari, Ss Hashemi Nazari , S Taravat Manesh , N Rajaie, Z Khorrami, K Holakouie-Naieni ,
Volume 11, Issue 2 (Vol 11, No 2 2015)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Measuring the impact of various diseases on Life Expectancy( LE) is an important step toward prioritization in health. The present study was conducted to measure the impact of heart diseases, neoplasm, and respiratory diseases on life expectancy (LE) in 2010.
Methods: Data on death and population for all 22 districts of Tehran were obtained from the main cemetery of Tehran and statistical center of Iran, respectively. Age-specific mortality rates and consequently LE were calculated for all 22 districts and both genders. Finally, the death probability assuming complete elimination of the diseases was calculated and the resulting life tables were obtained.
Results: The LE at birth was estimated 74.6 and 78.4 years for total males and females in Tehran, respectively. The maximum and minimum LE at birth was 80 years in females and 72.7 years in males, respectively. Assuming complete elimination of heart diseases, the LE increased to 82.39 and 85.51 years in males and females, respectively while complete elimination of neoplasm resulted in an increase in LE to 76.27 years in men and 80.49 years in women. Finally, elimination of respiratory diseases increased the LE of men to 75.98 years and the LE of women to 79.97 years.
Conclusion: The results indicated the high impact of the diseases on LE, especially the heart diseases. As a main result, LE will upgrade to more focus on this category.
M Khodadost, P Yavari, M Babaei, F Sarvi, Ss Hashemi Nazari ,
Volume 11, Issue 3 (Vol 11, No 3 2015)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: completeness of registration is used as one of the measures of the quality of a cancer registry, which is the degree to which reportable incident cases of cancer in the population of interest is actually recorded in the registry.
Methods: After removing the duplicates, a total of 471 new cases of esophagus cancer reported by three sources of pathology reports, medical records, and death certificates to Ardabil Province Cancer Registry Center in 2006 and 2008 were enrolled in the study. The incidence rate was estimated based on the capture-recapture method and the use of the log-linear models. BIC, G2 and Akaike statistics were used to select the best-fit model.
Results: In this study, a model with linkage between pathology reports and medical records and a model with death certificates alone, independent of the previous two sources, was the best fitted model. The estimated total completeness of esophagus cancer in 2006 and 2008 was 36% .The source that had the most completeness for esophagus cancers was pathology reports with 21.17%. The estimated incidence rate calculated by the log-linear method for the years 2006 and 2008 was 49.71 and 53.87 per 100,000 population, respectively.
Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that the low degree of completeness in Ardabil Province requires some changes in data abstracting and case finding such as the use of personal national code and electronic health records to create a more accurate cancer registry.
F Shahbazi, Sd Mirtorabi , Mr Ghadirzadeh, Sms Ghoreishi, Ss Hashemi Nazari ,
Volume 14, Issue 1 (Vol 14, No 1, 2018)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Drug abuse is one of the medical, social, economic and cultural problems in the present era that increases the morbidity, mortality, and disability among addicts. Iran, due to its adjacency to major centers of opiate drugs production, has a severe and critical condition. Therefore, epidemiological studies are essential for comprehensive management of drug abuse disorders.
Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, demographic and epidemiological data of all people whose cause of death was drug abuse in 2013-14 (1392 Hijri) were extracted by two checklists. Data were then analyzed with SPSS software.
Results: A total of 2957 deaths occurred during the study period. Most deaths occurred in unmarried young males with a low income and education level. The mean age of the subjects was 36.6 12.81 years. The mortality rate from opiate and psychoactive abuse in the whole country was 53.28 in 1000000 population. The most commonly used drugs in the study population were opium, crystal, and heroin in a descending order. Hamedan, Lorestan, and Zanjan provinces with a mortality rate of 150, 101, and 80.06 per 1,000,000 people had the highest mortality due to drug abuse.
Conclusion: Training programs and harm reduction approaches such as methadone treatment and naloxone distribution programs should be designed in high-risk groups to reduce mortality associated with drug abuse.
S Ebrahimi Kebria , Ss Hashemi Nazari, Y Mdehrabi, B Nazparvar , A Shojaei, Sd Mirtorabi,
Volume 15, Issue 1 (Vol.15, No.1 2019)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Suicide is one of the psychosocial problems in Lorestan Province due to its socio-cultural and economic structure. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of age group, time period, and birth cohort on the suicide incidence in Lorestan Province during the 2006-2015.
Methods: In this study, to overcome the identifiability problem, the Carstensen approach and natural cubic smoothing character were used in age-period-cohort models (APC). Cohort effect was calculated as the relative rate from the 1984 reference cohort for men and 1987 cohort for women. The period effect in both sexes constrained to be relative to 1390 and to be 0 on average with 0 slope. The best APC model for both sexes was the models with "AC-P" parameter, 7 knots, and natural splines for men and B splines for women. All analyses were performed using the R software with Epi package.
Results: The age effect showed that the highest suicide incidence rate was seen in the elderly. Two strong birth cohort effects were observed, one increasing one in the 1980 cohort and one decreasing one in 1991 cohort. The most significant period effect was seen in men in 2011.
Conclusion: The effects of 1991 and 1980 birth cohorts could be due to the consequences of imposed war in Iran. The three economic phenomena, oil price change, increased divorce rate, and increased unemployment rate can be effective in the emergence of the period effect in year 2011.
F Shahbazi, H Soori, S Khodakarim, Mr , Ghadirzadeh , Ss Hashemi Nazari,
Volume 15, Issue 1 (Vol.15, No.1 2019)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: This research was conducted to investigate the socioeconomic and geographical inequality in mortality from road traffic accidents in Iran in 2016.
Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, the data of 16,584 people that died from road traffic accidents in 2016 were received from the Legal Medicine Organization. Theil entropy index was used to determine inequality in geographic areas. Moreover, relative and absolute concentration indices were used to measure inequality in mortality from RTAs across educational levels.
Results: The mortality rate from road traffic accident was 21.5 per 100,000 people. Theil index was 0.66 for traffic-related deaths among the provinces, indicating an unequal distribution of traffic injuries caused by traffic accidents among the provinces. When inequality was measured at smaller geographical levels, i.e., among cities in each province, the results indicated a fair distribution across smaller geographic levels. The focus index also indicated a fair distribution of traffic accidents among the deceased sub-classes (concentration index & 95% CI: -0.13 (-0.41; 0.16).
Conclusion: Our findings showed that the distribution of mortality from road traffic accidents was unequal at provincial positions. According to our findings, mortality from traffic accidents was distributed equally among the socioeconomic and urban levels. Therefore, health managers can use the findings of this study to develop interventions to reduce inequalities. In addition to targeting factors contributing to known social inequalities in the health and social status, other factors should be considered and applied to evaluate their interventions in the future.
S Nazari, Z Keshavarz, M Afrakhte, H Riazi,
Volume 15, Issue 1 (Vol.15, No.1 2019)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Cervical cancer is one of the five most common cancers in Iranian women. Considering the impact of HIV on cervical cancer and the low rate of cervical cancer screening in HIV positive women, this study was conducted to review the barriers to cervical cancer screening in HIV positive women.
Methods: In this systematic review, data were retrieved from Magiran, SID, Irandoc, Prequest, OVID, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Web of Science and Scupos databases from January 2000 to January 2018. The following keywords and their combination were used: cervical cancer screening, Pap smear, HIV-positive women, and barriers. The NOS (Newcastle-Ottawa Scale) checklist was used to evaluate the quality of the selected articles and the articles that scored more than six were included in the study.
Results: From 145 selected articles, 21 were included in the review based on the inclusion criteria. The most common reported screening barriers were the costs of test, lack of awareness, low education level, younger age, lack of information about screening centers, and fear of sampling.
Conclusion: Considering the barriers to cervical cancer screening, increasing the level of awareness of the HIV-positive women, preparing free Pap smear services, and providing easier access to health centers for this high risk group could lead to early detection of cervical cancer.
H Choobineh, Gh Danesh, N Mansouri, M Najafi Majareh , F Shahbazi, Ss Hashemi Nazari ,
Volume 16, Issue 2 (Vol 16, No.2 2020)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of HSE indices in a number of organizations affiliated with Tehran Municipality.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the study population included all organizations affiliated with Tehran Municipality HSE performance was assessed through an 18-item checklist. The content validity of this checklist was examined by obtaining the opinions of experts in the field. The data of this study were analyzed using the SPSS software version 22.
Results: The results of this study showed that three organizations, namely Suburbs Bus Company, Urban Planning Organization, and Terminals and Parks Organization had the best HSE performance with indexes of 63.6%, 57.485 and 52.59%, respectively. Among the 18 items of HSE performance, the HSE policy had the highest score (68.6%).
Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, the value of the HSE index was not complete in any of the fields. The results of this study showed that although the foundation of the HSE system was implemented in many units of Tehran Municipality, it is still a long way before the desired point is reached. Therefore, it is necessary to formulate and implement appropriate action plans and to evaluate the effectiveness of control measures to improve the HSE indicators.
Hamid Choobineh, Zeinab Parisay, Fatemeh Shahbazi, Gazaleh Danesh, Mahdi Nasri, Sayed-Saeed Hashemi-Nazari,
Volume 18, Issue 2 (Vol.18, No.2, Summer 2022 2022)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Human resources are the center of sustainable development in advanced management. Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) is a system that consistently and by means of human resources, facilities and equipment and tries to create a healthy, pleasant, fresh environment away from accident, damage and waste. This study was conducted to assess the health performance, Safety and Environmental Indicators (HSE) in the field of human resources development of Tehran Municipality.
Methods: This study was conducted as a descriptive cross-sectional and, the study base was all 22 districts of Tehran municipality. After designing and validating of HSE performance evaluation protocol, HSE status was evaluated in 22 districts of Tehran. The aforementioned protocol contained seven sections: leadership and commitment, policy and strategic goals, organization and documentation, risk management, planning, implementation and monitoring, audit and review). Its validity and reliability were determined by obtaining corrective opinions from specialists and experts inside and outside the municipal organization.
Results: In most areas of Tehran municipality, the inter-organizational communication index was the highest score. The highest score (68%) is related to this index. The mean overall score for performance evaluation was 46.6.
Conclusion: The HSE situation was undesirable (less than 70%) in more than half of Tehran's municipalities. Regions 4 and 7 were in desirable status (above 70%). Thus, for current situation improvement, we should use long-term strategy planning in the field of HSE.
Tina Fallah, Ameneh Elikaei, Roxana Mansour Ghanaie, Abdollah Karimi, Iraj Sedighi, Marjan Tariverdi, Arezu Amirali, Tayebe Nazari, Negin Nahanmoghadam, Alireza Nateghian, Seyed Hamidreza Monavari, Seyed Mohsen Zahraei, Sussan Mahmoudi, Masoud Alebouyeh,
Volume 19, Issue 1 (Vol.19, No.1, Spring 2023)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Identification of rotavirus genotypes in children is clinically important. This study aimed to determine the spectrum of rotavirus genotypes and assess their correlation with demographic variables and clinical manifestations in hospitalized children.
Methods: To determine rotavirus genotypes, rotavirus positive stool samples of symptomatic children were included in the study between December 2019 and March 2020. RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis for VP7 and VP4 genes were performed following standard protocols. Genotypes were determined using specific primers. Validation of results was done through sequencing and bioinformatic analysis. Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS version 20 and GraphPad version 9.5.0.
Results: Among the infected patients, three genotypes emerged as dominant in the studied population. The study demonstrated a significant correlation between genotype frequency and seasonal variations (p-value=0.0077), as well as between genotypes, hospitalization, and severity of diarrhea. While significantly more types of rotavirus group A were identified with increasing age, no correlation was observed between the genotypes and gender (p-value=0.473). Furthermore, there was no significant association between genotype, dehydration rates, and the presence or absence of fever.
Conclusion: This study revealed a relatively high diversity of rotavirus genotypes in children. The findings suggest the need for further research to validate the identified correlations between certain genotypes and age groups, seasonal variations, clinical symptoms, and the efficacy of available vaccines.
