Showing 67 results for Rad
K Holakouie Naeini, A Moradi, F Pourmalek, S.r Majdzadeh,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (3 2005)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The campaign to eliminate measles and rubella (MR) is one of the most important current health projects in Iran. One of the basic requirements of this program is the creation of an efficient system for collecting data on MR morbidity and mortality, people's knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) regarding MR prevention, and people's participation in the eradication drive. The present study was done to assess people's knowledge, attitude and practice in relation to the current anti-MR campaign.
Materials and Methods: This cross- sectional study was carried out fur months after the mass (anti-MR campaign (performed in May 2004). The target population included at the people aged 20-25y who lived in areas covered by Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services. The calculated sample size was 384, using a 2-stage sampling procedure. We used X2 tests, odds ratios and confidence intervals to detect relationships between various categorical variables. We also performed Cronbach's alpha test to assess questionnaire reliability, and principal component analysis to ensure construct validity.
Results: Data were collected on 390 individuals. The percentages of people with an acceptable level of knowledge, attitude and practice were 63.3%, 53.6% and 93.1% respectively. After controlling for confounders in a logistic regression model, it became apparent that knowledge concerning the mass immunization campaign was related to the individual's own education and that of his/her mother. Attitude was found to be affected by factors such as education, marital status and the family's main income level. The practice component, on the other hand, was not significantly related to any of the variables included in this study.
Conclusion: The positive achievements of this program should be used in planning any future immunization campaigns. Particular attention should be paid to factors that affect overall coverage. These include human resources, equipment, vaccines and other materials, service uality, the cold chain, information provided to the public, and people's as well as providers' knowledge of the immunization program, the target diseases (s) and the vaccines.
N Abdolahi, Aa Keshtkar, Sh Semnani, Ghr Roshandel, S Beshrat, Hr Joshaghani, A Moradi, Kh Kalavi, S Beshrat, A Jabbari, Mj Kabir, A Hosseini, M Sedaghat, A Danesh, D Roshandel,
Volume 2, Issue 3 (24 2006)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: To determine the prevalence of HBV infection in the Golestan Province (southeastern part of the Caspian littoral, Iran).
Methods: A single cluster study was conducted in 2005, based on a sample of households, representative of the population aged 25-65 years in Golestan. All participants were invited for face-to-face interviews to gather demographic data. Blood samples were drawn and analyzed for serum markers of HBV infection such as HBsAg and HBcAb by the ELISA method. Factors associated with hepatitis B seroprevalence were analyzed using SPSS13 and STATA /8.
Results: A total of 1850 subjects were screened. The age- & sex-standardized prevalence for HBsAg positivity was 9.7% (95%CI=0.07-0.11). Rates were higher in males than in females (10.8% vs. 8.6%) (OR=1.28 95% CI=0.9-1.7). HBV seroprevalence in unmarried individuals was significantly higher than in those who were married (OR=2.13 95%CI=1.29-3.5). HBsAg(+) status was more frequent in urban areas (OR=1.46 95% CI=0.9-2.3). Thirty-six percent of population was HBcAb positive. HBcAb(+) prevalence was significantly higher in females (OR=1.46 95% CI=1.19-1.8) and married people (OR=1.58 95%CI=1.02-2.45), and also in urban areas (OR=1.34 95% CI=1.09-1.6).
Conclusions: This study shows that the prevalence of HBsAg(+) status in the Iranian province of Golestan is at a level regarded as "high" by the World Health Organization. It is higher than reported by pervious studies in Iran so it is important- especially for health providers and policy makers- to recognize risk factors and design appropriate prevention programs.
A Fadaee, F Mosaddegh, M Alimoradi, Ma Pourhoseingholi,
Volume 2, Issue 3 (24 2006)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: There are near two million people from around the world have planning to journey for Hadje ceremony. Old age, Crowding dormitory, close contact, poor sanitation, poor health services, different community pattern, high temperature and other factors cause the infectious diseases particularly respiratory infection more than ever Influenza occur more common and cause more discomfort during this ceremony. This study in 1381 Clear the effect of influenza vaccine compare with placebo in this group of population Pilgrimage group.
Methods: This study had interventional randomize clinical design on 156 pilgrims in Abhar City. The pattern of the cases selection for reducing of bias effect was every other pilgrim for vaccine injection. All of the cases before, during and three week after return back from this ceremony had close health services. All the pilgrims had private document for recording the events.
Results: About 147 of pilgrims experienced had pulmonary infection (93% in case and 96% in control). There was no difference in either cases or control groups
Conclusions: There is no benefit for using influenza vaccine other than its indications in the patients but it needs additional studies.
S Mehrabi, A Delavari, Gh Moradi, Esmailnasab N Esmailnasab, A Pooladi, S Alikhani, F Alaeddini,
Volume 3, Issue 1 (21 2007)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Tobacco smoking is known to cause a huge burden of disease throughout the world: smoking is responsible for 4 million deaths per year. This study is performed in order to fill the existing gaps in information regarding current trends for lifestyle and tobacco-related disease in Iran.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study performed with the help of a questionnaire and using a multi-stage cluster sampling method. The final sample size, after the screening of the data, was 84706 out of 89457 records.
Results: From a total of 84706 people in this study, 49.7% were men, 52% were uneducated and 64.8% cane from urban areas 79.9% did not smoke, 15.3% smoked actively, 2.1% were non-active smokers and 2.7% were ex-smokers. The prevalence of smoking was higher in people aged 35 to 64 years (P<0.001). Quitting rates increased with age, especially in women (P<0.001). Smoking was more prevalent in men (P<0.001) and in rural areas (P<0.001). The average number of cigarettes smoked per day was 14.69. Smoking prevalence was lower among adults with higher levels of education compared to those with lower education levels (P<0.001).
Conclusions: This nationwide survey provides a baseline for future longitudinal studies of smoking in Iran. There is a need for effective smoking prevention and cessation programs with a focus on the young population.
M Khabazkhoob, A Fotouhi, Mr Majdi, A Moradi, Z Haeri Kermani, M Seyed Nozadi,
Volume 3, Issue 1 (21 2007)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: To determine the risk factors for acute diarrhea disease in children.
Methods: This study involved 220 cases and 220 controls in Dr. Sheykh Hospital, a specialzed pediatric hospital in Mashhad. Cases were children seen in the emergency department with loose watery feces, diagnosed as acute diarrhea by the physician. The controls were selected from the same setting as the cases and included children with traumas, burns, acute respiratory complaints and other diseases.
Results: In univariate logistic regression, variables having a significant relationship with acute diarrhea disease included formula feeding in the first 6 months of life, antibiotic therapy over the preceding 15 days, mother's employment, mother's acquaintance with oral rehydration solutions, place of residence, and disruption in the water supply in the week before illness. We performed multiple logistic regression to examine the role of these variables as independent risk factors for acute diarrhea. Use of formulas before 6 months of age (OR=3.21, 95%CI: 1.77-5.79), and type of residence (OR=1.83, 95%CI: 1.24-2.71), and mother's employment (OR=2.48, 95%CI: 1.2-5.06) were the factors that remained in the multiple logistic model and had a significant relationship with the disease.
Conclusions: This study identified some environmental risk factors for acute diarrhea disease. High-risk groups and mothers of children under 5 years of age should be aware of these risk factors in order to prevent disease in their children. Prevention of acute diarrhea in children can significantly reduce the current burden on the health system.
M Khabazkhoob , A Fotouhi , A Moradi, K Mohammad ,
Volume 3, Issue 3 (18 2008)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Malnutrition is widely regarded as one of the factors affecting quality of life. The adverse effects of malnutrition have been documented in various age groups. School problems, learning difficulties, humiliation and teasing from peers are some of the most common complications of obesity and excessive thinness. The goal of this study was to determine the BMI and some of the factors affecting it in the students of Dezfool.
Methods: In a cross-sectional study and using random cluster sampling, 5726 students from 39 clusters were selected and anthropometric measurements were performed in the schools and under standard conditions. Cases of obesity and thinness were identified using BMI percentiles for age and sex (NCHS). A Body Mass Index above the 95th and below the 5th percentile was defined as obesity and thinness respectively.
Results: This study involved the participation of 5508 students (96.2%). The prevalence of thinness was 33% (1716) with a 95% confidence interval of 27.3%-38.8%. The prevalence of obesity was 2.6% (157) with a 95% confidence interval of 1.7%-3.4%. There was no significant difference between the prevalence of obesity or thinness between the two sexes (P>0.05). The prevalence of obesity and thinness significantly increased and decreased respectively with aging (P<0.05).
Conclusions: Malnutrition among the students in Dezfool predominantly takes the form of thinness, while obesity is not a serious problem in this population overall, these findings indicate poor nutritional status. High-risk groups have been identified and they must become the target of interventions by the Health and Education Ministries.
M Khabazkhoob, A Fotouhi, Mr Majdi , A Moradi , A Javaherforoshzadeh , Z Haeri Kermani , H Ghodsi ,
Volume 3, Issue 3 (18 2008)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Exclusive breast-feeding during the first 6 months of life is the best type of nutrition for the infants in terms of fulfilling their its physical and emotional needs. The incidence of many kinds of infection decreases with breast-feeding. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of exclusive breast-feeding infants aged less than 6 months in Mash'had and to look at some factors that affect breastfeeding.
Methods: This population-based survey used a stratified cluster sampling method to draw 30 clusters containing a total of 1450 infants aged 7-12 months. Data collection was performed using both questionnaires and interviews with mothers. Exclusive breast-feeding was defined as nursing through the first 6 months of life without any other food intake except drugs and vitamin supplements.
Results: The study achieved a response rate of 87.4% in mothers 51.2% of the infants were male and the remaining 48.8% (618) were female. The overall prevalence of exclusive breast-feeding during the first 6 months was 56.4% with (95% CI: 49.7%-63.2%). The figure was 57.2% (95% CI: 49.9%-64.4%) for boys and 55.7% (95% CI: 48.7%-62.6%) for girls. In this survey, 91.7% of the infants (95% CI: 88.7%–94.7%) had received breast-feeding immediately after birth. In multiple logistic regression analysis, the mother's age, her awareness of the adequacy of her milk, and advice from others to use formulas were the factors that had a significant relationship with breast-feeding in the first 6 months.
Conclusions: Almost 43% of infants had received alternative nutrition such as family food or formula. Considering the important effect of breast-feeding, provision of educational programs by the Health Ministry to raise the mothers' awareness of breast feeding can be a priority in children's health.
M Naghavi, F Abolhassani, F Pourmalek, N Jafari, M Moradi Lakeh, B Eshrati, N Mahdavi Hezaveh, H Kazemeini, A Tehrani Banihashemi, Sh Shoaee,
Volume 4, Issue 1 (22 2008)
Abstract
Background & Objective: Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY) summarizes the fatal and nonfatal outcomes of diseases and injuries in one number and gives a quantitative assessment of the health of a population. Estimating the burden of diseases and injuries in Iran in terms of DALY both nationwide and in 6 provinces.
Methods: We used slightly modified versions of the methods developed by the World Health Organization for estimating the burden of premature mortality, disability, and the DALY.
Results: The DALY rate per 100,000 was 21572 and 62% of this was life lost due to premature mortality the remaining 38% was due to disability from diseases and injuries. Fifty-eight percent of the total DALYs had been lost due to non-communicable diseases, 28% due to external causes (injuries), and 14% due to communicable, maternal/ perinatal and nutritional illnesses. The group of diseases and injuries with the highest burden in males waz intentional and unintentional injuries (2.789 million DALYs), while in the female population this position was held by mental disorders with 1.191 million DALYs. The single most important cause of burden was traffic accidents in males and ischemic heart disease in females. Disease burden showed considerable variability between different provinces.
Conclusion: The profile of health and disease in Iran has generally shifted from the predominance of communicable, maternal/perinatal, and nutritional illnesses towards predominance of non-communicable diseases and injuries at the national level. These figures on disease burden at population level are the most objective evidence that can be used in policy making and management of health programs, health research, and resource development within the health sector.
Ar Bahonar, S Bokaie, Kh Khodaveirdi, Gh Nikbakht Boroujeni, Ma Rad,
Volume 4, Issue 1 (22 2008)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Rabies is one of the oldest and most lethal zoonoses in the world. Cases have been reported from most provinces of Iran, involving both domestic and wild animals. This study aimed to define the epidemiology of rabies in human and animal populations in the western province of Ilam and was conducted in all of the 7 cities of the province.
Methods: In this descriptive study we recorded data on the number of the persons bitten by animals, geographical location, age category, occupation and professional relationships, pre-exposure prophylaxis, treatment for rabies, conditions of the injured organs, and the mortality rate. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software package.
Results: There were 4 human deaths from rabies in this province (2 men and 2 women) three of these cases had been bitten by dogs and the remaining one by a cat. The mean age of these people was 25.2 years (SD=15.3y). A total of 2431 people had been bitten by animals over the preceding 10 years. Most such injuries happened in the 10-29y age group and the frequency was greater for males (P<0.01). About 64% of all cases had been reported from rural areas, and the greatest number of injuries occurred in winter and spring. The most common sites of injury were hands and feet (88.5%), trunk and the cervical region (9.3%) and head/ face (2.2%).
Conclusion: The increasing number of stray dogs and the movement of dogs and wild animals into cities and villages are important factors in the transmission of rabies. More research needs to be done on the eco-epidemiology of the disease in different cities of Ilam.
S Mehrabi, A Delavari, Gh Moradi, E Ghaderi,
Volume 4, Issue 3 (20 2009)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: There is geographic variability in the prevalence of asthma. Since there is inadequate of study on asthma in Iran, this study was performed in order to determine the prevalence of asthma in Kurdistan province.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed as part of Iranian national survey to determine the risk factors of non communicable disease.
Results: This study includes 500 men and 500 women. Prevalence of history of asthma was 2.3%. There was no statistically significant association between asthma and place of residence, smoking and body mass index. Asthma were found in 6 (1.8%) of men and 17(5%) of women (p=0.02). Prevalence of asthma increased with increasing age (p<0.001)
Conclusions: The prevalence of asthma in this study was similar with other studies in Iran and seems lower than similar countries.
Gh Hassanshahi, M Kazemi Arababadi, Er Zarandi, M Moradi, R Vazirinegad, H Yousefi Darehdor, Se Pourhosseini, Sma Sajadi, M Arasteh,
Volume 5, Issue 1 (20 2009)
Abstract
Background and objectives: People with thalessemia and chronic renal failure on maintenance hemodialysis are prone to blood-born infections, especially hepatitis C due to the long-term transfusion. Recently, hepatitis C has been one of the main health concerns in these patients. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hepatitis C and its risk factors in these groups of patients in Kerman province of Iran.
Methods: HCV RNA in blood sample of 384 patients (203 hemodialysis cases and 181 thalassemia cases) was evaluated.
Results: One hundred thirty (130) out of 384 were infected by HCV. Infected male was predominant (83%).
Conclusions: It seems that the frequency of hepatitis C infection in Kerman is higher than the other provinces of Iran. Therefore more attention should be paid to screen of blood before transfusing for these group of patients.
S Athari Nik Azm, Mr Vafa, I Nourmohammadi, A Bidari, A Hoshyarrad, Sh Jazayeri, F Hoseini, M Fasihi Radmandi,
Volume 5, Issue 3 (20 2009)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: oxygen free radicals have been implicated as mediators of tissue damage in RA patients. This study was aimed to find the effects of vitamin A, C and zinc supplementations on oxidant–antioxidant, inflammatory and clinical indices in inactive RA patients.
Methods: We designed a randomized controlled trial. Forty nine (49) patients were randomly allocated in two groups group I received their conventional treatment plus 300 mg vitamin C, 5 mg Zinc daily and 25000 IU vitamin A every other day for 12 weeks, group II received their conventional treatment only for the same duration. Disease activity (using the rheumatoid arthritis disease activity index (RADAI) score), biochemical indices [malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC)] and inflammatory markers [erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), c-reactive protein (CRP)] was evaluated before and after 12 weeks.
Results: Serum concentration of MDA and RADAI score (P<0.0001) and ESR (P=0.033) were significantly decreased and TAC levels (P<0.0001) were significantly increased in the first group in comparison to second group after 12 weeks. However, there were no statistically significant differences in serum CRP concentration of two groups (P>0.05).
Conclusions: This study indicates that adding antioxidants as supplementations with conventional medications in inactive RA patients plays an important role in improving oxidative stress and decreasing disease activity and inflammatory status.
M Moradi Lakeh, M Montazer, M Moradi, Smh Mahmoodi, Sap Alemzadeh Bahreini, S Askari,
Volume 5, Issue 3 (20 2009)
Abstract
Background & objectives: The trend of stunting indicates of long term health status and the efficacy of different health interventions for chronic malnutrition in children. The objective of this study was to investigate the trends of stunting prevalence in preschool children living in rural area of Robat-Karim.
Methods: The method of Age-Period-Cohort analysis was utilized. Existing height data of all children whom registered in health houses of Robat-Karim health network were converted to Standard Deviation Scores (SDS) using Anthro2005 software The SDS≤ -2 for height-for-age was defined to be the moderate/severe forms of stunting. Age-Period-Cohort analysis was done with two graphical and statistical methods. The statistical method was based on logistic regression modeling in which stunting was assumed to be the dependent variable and age, birth cohort and time period were independent variables.
Results: Growth data of 970 (51.9%) boys and 898 (48.1%) girls were analyzed. The overall stunting prevalence was estimated 8.0%. This estimation by Logistic regression models (P<0.001) and graphical analyses were similar and showed that the prevalence of stunting has a decreasing trend in different birth cohorts and time periods. The prevalence of stunting was higher in the 2nd and 5th-6th years of life. The stunting prevalence was significantly higher in boys (9.3%) and non-Iranian children (9.5%) (P<0.001).
Conclusions: The prevalence of stunting appears to be decreasing in the investigated population. Appropriate interventions is thought to be essential for reducing stunting of 2nd and 5th-6th years of life, boys, and non-Iranian children.
K Holakouie Naieni, A Ostovar, A Danesh, S Sadjedinejad, L Ghalichee, Gh Moradi, Ma Mansournia, Ss Hashemi Nazari,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (22 2010)
Abstract
Background and objective: The nested case-control study has become popular as an efficient alternative to the full-cohort design. This study compares the results of a nested case-control analysis approach with the full cohort analysis.
Methods: A cohort of 276 subjects (new cases from a TB registry) was used for this study. Cox Regression model was used for the full cohort analysis. In order to do the nested case-control analysis, for each death, three random controls were selected from those who did not suffer from the outcome at the time of the outcome took place. Case control data was analyzed by the conditional logistic regression model.
Results: Results from both cohort and nested case-control analyses show that treatment group is the only variable that affects on the outcome. Gender, place of residence, and age has no effect on the outcome. For binary exposure variables with trivial effects (e.g. Gender and place of residence), the relative efficiency of nested case-control study design is approximately 75%.
Conclusion: Results of this study show that nested case-control study is not only an easy and cost-effective method for data analysis but also is as robust as cohort analysis in rate ratio and its variance estimation.
Ha Barati, A Golmohmmadi, I Momeni, G Mpradi,
Volume 6, Issue 3 (11 2010)
Abstract
Background & objectives: However outbreaks of cholera are not very common in central area of Iran, in 2008 district health authority reported a cluster of diarrhea cases. We investigated this cluster to identify the etiological agent, source of transmission and propose control measures.
Methods: We defined a case of diarrhea as occurrence of > or =3 loose/watery stools a day among the residents of Karaj. Fifty four (54) cases were identified in health care centers and 106 healthy individuals as control. We conducted a gender- and age-matched case-control study to identify risk factors.
Results: Vibrio cholerae El Tor O1 Inaba was isolated from all cases rectal swabs. during cholera epidemic outbreak in 2007, 54 cases of stool-culture were vibrio cholera, serotype Inaba positive. Using industrial-ice and fruits and vegetables were significantly associated with the illness (OR 4.4 and 3.3 respectively).
Conclusions: This outbreak was due to a contaminated industrial-ice and contaminated vegetables and fruits and V. cholera 01 Inaba was possibly the causative organism. Therefore more prevention program and observation methods should be considered.
Aa Haghdoost, A Pourkhandani, Sh Motaghipisheh, B Farhoudi, N Fahimifar, B Sadeghirad ,
Volume 6, Issue 4 (16 2011)
Abstract
Background & Objective: the number of people with HIV/AIDS in Iran is increasing. Populations' knowledge and awareness are crucial steps to prevent HIV/AIDS epidemic. This systematic review aimed to assess the level of knowledge and attitude toward HIV/AIDS in Iranian population.
Methods: Reviewing related titles in national and international databanks resulted in 62 eligible studies published between 1998 and 2008. To explore the source(s) of heterogeneity, meta-regression model was used.
Results: Due to the methodological diversity of included studies (e.g. their sampling or data collection methods) pooled estimation of the results were hard to be applied. The mean for knowledge score among 24 eligible studies (including 24,011 individuals) varied between 14.7 and 84.0 out of 100. Among those 16 eligible studies (including 11,104 individuals), the reported mean for attitude varied between 32.6 and 78.4 out of 100.
Conclusion: In overall, it seems that the knowledge and attitude in Iranian population still need to be improved however, the results from our systematic review showed a considerable heterogeneity among the results that can be originated from the diversity of target populations and/or their methodology of included studies. Planning for further targeted programs and modifying public education for more effective schemes are necessary to be emphasized, as there was not a significant change in the level of knowledge or attitude based on the included studies.
M Honarmand, L Farad Mollashahi, M Shirzaii, H Abbasi,
Volume 7, Issue 4 (16 2012)
Abstract
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Background & Objectives: Dental fluorosis is a kind of hypoplasia, enamel and
dentin deficiency due to fluoride overuse. Since there is little known about
this important dental problem in Southeast area in Iran we designed an analytic
descriptive study to estimate the dental flurosis prevalence in 7-10 years old
students.
Methods: Three hundred thirty four (334) children attending to community
dentistry center during year 2006, were studied to evaluate the prevalence of
dental fluorosis. Dental index (fluorosis rates) identified by a trained
dentist. Criteria for definite diagnosis were existence of enamel defects with
spread bilaterally and symmetrically. Children with hyperplasia tetracycline
-induced, acute febrile illness in childhood and fetal birth dental defects (Dentinogenesis imperfecta,
Amelogensis imperfect) were excluded from this study.
Results: The prevalence of dental flurosis estimated to be 30.8 percent
in this sample. Dental fluorosis protests in the subjects were so: enamel
opacities (70. 6%),discoloration(14.2%), pit(1.36%), enamel
opacities and discoloration(12.9%),enamel opacities and pit (1 %). Superior
anterior teeth were the most effected by fluorosis. There are significant
difference in dental fluorosis between boys and girls (P=0.004), and intensity
was higher in boys (37.5% versus 22.6%). fluorosis pattern no clear difference
in both sexes (P=0.27).
Conclusion: The
prevalence of fluorosis was estimated 30.8% and intensity was higher in boys in
Zahedan. Therefore it is essential that fluoride source and amount of
fluoridation of drinking water be considered in Zahedan city.
A Khorrami Rad, M Karami, Z Abedini,
Volume 7, Issue 4 (16 2012)
Abstract
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Background & Objectives: Epidemiological
surveillance of infectious diseases through the mandatory-reporting system is
crucial for disease prevention program and success in it related to physician,
partnership. The aim of this study was to identify statues of notification
system among general practitioners (physicians) in Qom.
Methods: In this analytical cross section study
a self-administered questionnaire was used to assess knowledge and attitude of
notifiable diseases, self-reported practices, reasons for noncompliance with
reporting requirements, and suggestions to improve compliance. A total 140
general physicians completed the questionnaire. Appropriate statistical
analyses were performed.
Results: 14/3% and 13/6% had a good knowledge
and attitude about notification and only 47% had good performance. There was
significant association between the participants' self-reported practices and
knowledge total scores and participating in continuing medical education. The
major barrier of reporting notifiable diseases was poor knowledge of the list
of reportable diseases and reporting requirements. The most frequent
suggestions for improving physicians' compliance with disease reporting were to
simplify the reporting process and giving awareness about list of notifiable
diseases.
Conclusion: Our findings suggest inappropriate
knowledge, attitude and practices about disease notification requirements among
GPs. Modifying physisicans' knowledge and motivation, eliminating barriers to
disease reporting, and promoting some facilitating factors could help reduce
the underreporting of notifiable diseases.
Ab Mohammadian Hafshejani, H Baradaran, N Sarrafzadegan, M Asadi Lari, A Ramezani, Sh Hosseini, F Allahbakhshi Hafshejani,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (20 2012)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Despite decreasing the trend of coronary artery
diseases in developed countries and outstanding improvements in clinical
management of these patients, case fatality rate after an acute myocardial
infarction (AMI) remains high in both genders. Identifying predicting factors
of short-term survival in patients with AMI may play an important role in
reducing mortality in these patients.
Methods: In
this cohort study, all patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) admitted
to all hospitals in Isfahan, Iran, during 2000-2008 which registered in Isfahan
cardiovascular research Institute were analyzed. We used Cox regression models,
uni- and multi-variable analysis.
Results: Within
the study period, 8800 AMI patients (73.6% male) were admitted with mean age of
61.85±12.5, and overall 28-day survival of 90.5%. Relative risk (RR) of death
for 50-70 years old patients was 2.5 (CI:2-3.1), for over 70 years old RR=5
(CI:4-6.3), for women RR=1.7 (CI:1.5-1.9), for patients who had not received
streptokinase RR=0.9 (CI:0.8-1.1), for inferior MI RR=4.2 (CI:2.2-7.8) and for
anterior MI, RR was equal to 7.2 (CI:4-13.3).
Conclusion: Recognizing
the predicting factors of short-term survival of AMI patients may help health
professionals to provide better healthcare services for more at risk patients,
i.e. elderly, women and patients with an anterior MI.
F Mohammadzadeh, S Faghihzadeh, Ar Baghestani, M Asadi Lari , Mr Vaez Mahdavi, J Arab Kheradmand , Aa Noorbala, Mm Golmakani, Aa Haeri Mahrizi , R Kordi,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (5-2013)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Chronic pain is one of main public and individual health problems and its epidemiological understanding needs reliable estimates of prevalence. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of chronic pain in all 368 neighborhoods of Tehran using small area estimation method.
Methods: The pain section from the second round of Urban HEART data from a selected individual of 23457 households in Tehran using a multistage randomized cluster sampling in 2011, were analyzed. In order to obtain reliable estimates for chronic pain prevalence at neighborhood level, a generalized linear mixed model and hierarchical Bayesian approach were used and the reliability of the estimates were evaluated.
Results: The average of estimated prevalence of chronic pain in neighborhoods of Tehran was 25.5% and a large heterogeneity was observed in its prevalence in neighborhoods of Tehran. Prevalence of chronic pain was significantly higher in married housewives, retirees and pensioners and was significantly associated with age, educational status, depression and anxiety (P<0.05). The reliability of Bayesian method was confirmed by evaluation methods in this analysis.
Conclusion: These results demonstrate prevailing amount of chronic pain at neighborhood-level in Tehran, which warrants careful attention to prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation by health care professionals.
