Showing 14 results for Rajab
Z Rajabpoor, S.r Majdzadeh, A Feizzadeh Khorasani, A Motevalian, M Hoseini,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (3 2005)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Road traffic injuries are among the most important causes of death and disability in Iran, and the country has one of the highest prevalence of opioid drug use, especially among drivers. The effect of different situations related to opioid use needs great attention. The purpose of this study was to estimate the effect of driving in the withdrawal phase on the occurrence of traffic accidents leading to injury.
Materials and Methods: This is a Case-Crossover study on injured drivers of crashed motor vehicles in Kerman. Drivers having skipped one habitual drug dose within one hour of the driving session were considered as being in withdrawal. We compared the drivers' situation at the time of accident with their regular driving habits.
Results: Among 75 drivers who had history of regular use of opium, 15 were in withdrawal phase at the time of accident. The relative rate of occurrence of traffic injuries while driving in these circumstances was 2.67 (95% confidence interval: 1.52 - 4.68).
Conclusion: According to these findings we can conclude that habitual opioid users are at greater risk of traffic accidents while driving in withdrawal status this risk is more than two-fold relative to not being in withdrawal status.
S Bokaie, F Ansari, Sm Peighambari, M Mahmoudi, Mh Fallah , F Tehrani, A Rajab, Sa Ghafouri , Smm Tabatabaei, M Shabani,
Volume 12, Issue 2 (Vol 12, No 2 2016)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Salmonella contamination of broiler breeder farms is of great importance regarding transmission of the bacteria through the production chain of poultry meat. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and management related factors of Salmonella contamination in broiler breeder flocks in Iran.
Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out between 2013 and 2014 in 23 provinces of Iran. Fecal samples were obtained from 139 broiler breeder farms and were subjected to standard bacteriological tests for Salmonella isolation. The serogroups of isolated Salmonella were determined using standard serological tests. Relevant information of sampled holdings was acquired from the GIS system and used for risk factor detection.
Results: The prevalence of Salmonella contamination in broiler breeder holdings was 7.9% and the more positive samples were from Tehran and Fars provinces. The flock age (P = 0.019) and the number of poultry houses in the farm (P = 0.037) were major risk factors of Salmonella contamination in broiler breeder farms.
Conclusion: This investigation showed that the prevalence of Salmonella contamination in broiler breeder farms was relatively high. It is necessary to establish an appropriate program for controlling Salmonella contamination in broiler breeder farms. Regular sampling for early detection of contaminated farms would be very important in this case. Sampling from old flocks should be the first priority.
Aa Haghdoost, H Hashemi, S Noori Hekmat , M Haji Aghajani , Gh Janbabaee, A Maher, Am Javadi, S Emadi, H Haghighi, Mr Rajabalipour, R Dehnavieh, M Ferdosi, Hr Rashidinejad, F Moeen Samadani , R Rahimisadegh,
Volume 13, Issue 0 (Vol.13, (Special Issue) 2018)
Abstract
Background and Objectives:Among health sector resources, hospital beds are the primary unit of calculation for the capacity of the health service and vital capacity in patient care. Lack of appropriate distribution in different parts of the country leads to transfer of patients and irreparable problems. The aim of this study was to provide accurate information on the number and distribution of hospital beds in the country in 2016 and to estimate the number of beds required by 2026.
Methods:This descriptive-analytic study was conducted in 2016. The population of the study comprised 439 counties covered by 46 medical universities of the country. In this study, the data of 2016 were used and information about the number and ownership of beds and the size of hospitals were obtained from the treatment deputies of medical universities.
Results:The number of active beds in the country was 117580 in 2016, and it is estimated that in order to meet the needs of the community, this number should reach 194471 beds by 2026. There were 1.47 beds for 1,000 people in 2016, which will increase to 2.9 in 2026 by implementing the NEDA project. The coefficient of variation in 2016 was 36%, which will reach 19% by 2026 according to estimates in the Iran's roadmap project.
Conclusion:The distribution of beds was differed in different regions of the country and there are not enough hospital beds in some areas. If the Iran roadmap is implemented, 2026 beds will be distributed more evenly across the country.
M Haji Aghajani , H Hashemi, Aa Haghdoost, S Noori Hekmat, Gh Janbabaee, A Maher, R Rahimisadegh, S Emadi, Mr Rajabalipour, H Haghighi, R Dehnavieh, F Dehnavieh Tijang ,
Volume 13, Issue 0 (Vol.13, (Special Issue) 2018)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Iran is a large country that is often an importer of major medical equipment. There is no comprehensive databank of the status of the equipment in the country. The present study provides a clear description of the dispersal status of major medical equipment in the country in 2016 and the estimated number of required devices in 2026.
Methods: This study was conducted in 2016 in Iran. The study included 8 MRI, CT scan, gamma camera, linear accelerator, PET scan, cardiac angiography, peripheral angiography, and CT angiography devices. The data of the number of equipment in each city were collected through a census of devices.
Results: At the beginning of the year 2016, 3.5 MRI devices, 6.93 CT scans, 2.18 gamma cameras, 1.23 linear accelerators, 0.04 PET scans, 2.3 cardiac angiography devices, 0.27 peripheral angiography devices, and 0.25 CT angiography devices per million population were active in Iran. CT scan and MRI devices were the most available equipment. It is estimated that the same pattern should be maintained in 2026, but the distribution of devices as well as the total number of devices in the country should improve.
Conclusion: In 2016, for most of the devices, the proportion of the device to the population in the whole country was close to the global average, but there was a large accumulation of devices in large cities. This problem has been identified and interventions have been planned to move towards reducing inequalities In Iran's Health Roadmap.
M Haji Aghajani , Aa Haghdoost, S Noori Hekmat , Gh Janbabaee, A Maher, Am Javadi, R Rahimisadegh, Mr Rajabalipour, H Haghighi, R Dehnavieh, S Emadi,
Volume 13, Issue 0 (Vol.13, (Special Issue) 2018)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The imbalance between the existing human resources and future needs of the health system disturb the service delivery process. The present study aimed at determining human resources needs in the health sector for a 10-year planning program. For this purpose, the researchers examined the geographical distribution of different groups of health system staff in 2016 and 2026.
Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was carried out in 2016. The population of this study included 46 universities of medical sciences. Data of the number and distribution of health care staff working in public, private, charity, and semi-public sectors of medical departments of medical universities were collected. The Qlik View software was used for data integration and designing information dashboards.
Results: At the beginning of 2016, the ratio of nurses, nursing groups, midwives, pharmacists, dentistry and general physician per 100,000 individuals was 133, 199, 32, 17, 22, and 53 respectively, which are estimated to reach 223, 272, 37, 26, 27, and 79 in 2025, respectively. The coefficient of dispersion variation of the above was 39%, 32%, 43%, 33%, 43%, and 44% in 2016, respectively, which are estimated to reduce by 2026 if the Iran medical roadmap is implemented.
Conclusion: The high dispersion index of the medical personnel relative to the population in the cities covered by medical universities indicates unbalanced distribution. If the estimates of the Iran's 2026 medical roadmap are implemented, more appropriate distribution of the medical staff is expected.
A Maher, Aa Haghdoost, S Noori Hekmat , M Haji Aghajani , Gh Janbabaee, H Vaezi, Gh Khademi, S Emadi, R Rahimisadegh, H Haghighi, R Dehnavieh, Mr Rajabalipour,
Volume 13, Issue 0 (Vol.13, (Special Issue) 2018)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to provide a clear description of the pre-hospital emergency setting and risk management in accidents and disasters in accordance with current Iran’s standards in different regions of the country. This study was part of the national project "Iran Roadmap (Neda 2026)".
Methods: The data of the major medical equipment was gathered from 48 medical universities covering all of the country's 32 provinces. Goal standards were obtained from the “Ministry of Health” and the “Department of Statistics for Medical Accident and Emergency Management Centers” in all universities. Coefficient of dispersion was calculated to evaluate any dispersion in major medical equipment.
Results: The results of this study showed that in 2017, the highest and lowest coefficient in “pre-hospital facilities” was related to the ambulance engine (301%) and the operational base personnel (93%), respectively. Nio national standards were implemented in “Risk Management in accidents and disasters needs” in most provinces of Iran. In 2026 estimates, all of the factors improved and dispersion decreased.
Conclusion: Despite the poor distribution of prehospital indicators in 2017, forecasting showed desirable conditions in distribution of facilities in the pre-hospital emergency and risk management of accidents and disasters.
S Noori Hekmat, H Hashemi, Aa Haghdoost, M Haji Aghajani , Gh Janbabaee, A Maher, A Javadi, R Rahimisadegh, S Emadi, Mr Rajabalipour, R Dehnavieh, H Haghighi,
Volume 13, Issue 0 (Vol.13, (Special Issue) 2018)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The distribution of specialists is important in two ways: geographical and specialty. In this study, we provided a description of the distribution of specialists in Iran in 2016 and its estimates in 2026.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted in 2016 to estimate the number of specialists in 2026. Data were gathered through a census of specialists working in each of 439 cities in the country, including those in public and private sectors. Coefficient of variation and the number of specialists in 100000 populations were applied as distribution measures.
Results: In the year 2016, there were 46 specialists per 100,000 populations, and it is estimated that considering the full-time equivalent index of 1.2, 63 specialists per 100,000 populations will be required in the year 2026. The highest and lowest ratio of specialists per population in the year 2016 was reported in Tehran (89 per 100,000 populations) and Jiroft (10 per 100,000 populations), respectively. The gynecologist group and geriatric specialists group were the largest (4747 specialists) and smallest group (4 specialists), respectively.
Conclusion: There was a considerable disparity between different regions of the country in terms of access to specialists. Furthermore, the ratio of specialist per population in different specialty groups varied from one province to another. Upon implementation of the Iran Roadmap, according to 2026 estimates, this dispersion will be reduced to some extent; however, part of the dispersion related to the regionalisation pilicy.
Y Salimi, T Paykani, S Ahmadi, M Shirazikhah, A Almasi, A Biglarian, N Rajabi Gilan, Z Jorjoran Shushtari ,
Volume 16, Issue 5 (Vol 16, Special Issue 2021)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Vaccine acceptance could seriously affect global efforts to control the Covid-19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to estimate the Covid-19 vaccine acceptance and its related factors in Tehran and Kermanshah.
Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 850 participants in Tehran and Kermanshah using the random digit dialing method. Multiple logistic regression was used to estimate the adjusted odds ratio of factors related to vaccine acceptance.
Results: The frequency of the Covid-19 vaccine acceptance was 66.47% (95% confidence interval: 69.57%, 63.21%). Moreover, 86.02% of the participants stated that they would use any type of (Iranian / foreign) vaccine approved by the Iranian Ministry of Health. However, 13.98% of the participants stated that they only preferred foreign approved vaccines (if available). The variables of age, fatalism, and socioeconomic status had significant associations with the Covid-19 vaccine acceptance.
Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the Covid-19 vaccine acceptance was moderate. In order to achieve herd immunity by vaccination faster in our society, the strategy of prioritizing vaccination can be planned based on the related variables such as religious beliefs and fatalism, younger age groups, and people with higher socio-economic status that are willing to receive the vaccine.
N Azh, H Pakniat, M Rajabi, F Ranjkesh,
Volume 16, Issue 5 (Vol 16, Special Issue 2021)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has raised concerns about high-risk groups in community. Due to physiologic changes in pregnancy, these women are prone to this infection; therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate Covid-19 infection and pregnancy outcomes in Qazvin Province.
Methods: This longitudinal study was done in Qazvin Province from March to October 2020. The participants included 133 pregnant women who with a definitive diagnosis of COVID-19 using CT scan and PCR test. A four-section questionnaire was used to collect demographic data, COVID-19 symptoms, and pregnancy outcomes. The mothers were followed up until six months after delivery. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software version 24 and descriptive statistics.
Results: The mean age of the mothers was 27.09 ± 5.67 years. Fever, cough, and body pain were the most common symptoms of Covid-19 in the mothers. The majority (87.96%) of the mothers were in second and third trimester of pregnancy. Maternal outcomes included preterm labor (9%), Cesarean section (51.1%) and maternal death (11.28% or 5 cases). Perinatal outcomes were abortion (6%) and fetal death (3%).
Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, Covid-19 increased the rate of maternal mortality and preterm delivery in pregnant women. Attention should be paid to support the expecting mothers, and more emphasis should be placed on health protocols in this group of patients.
A Darvishi, S Emamgholipour Sefiddashti , M Rajabi, Mh Mehrolhassani, V Yazdi Feyzabadi,
Volume 17, Issue 1 (Vol 17,No.1, Spring 2021 2021)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Fair financial protection against health expenditures is one of the most critical goals of health systems. This study was conducted to investigate the most appropriate threshold for measuring the exposure to catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) in Iran.
Methods: The present study was conducted using 2018 national household income and expenditure data of the Iran statistics center. The occurrence and intensity of the households' exposure to CHE at different thresholds and for economic quintiles was measured using two World Health Organization (WHO) and World Bank (WB) methodologies. The most appropriate threshold for each methodology was also determined using the Kappa statistics adaptation estimation.
Results: The occurrence of households’ exposure to CHE was 3.02% and 8.51% in urban households and 4.66% and 9.22% in rural households, respectively. According to asset quintiles, the highest occurrence was in the first quintile and the lowest in the fifth quintile. In addition, the results of adaptation estimation based on Kappa statistics showed that a threshold of 40% in the WHO methodology and 25% in the WB methodology were the most appropriate thresholds.
Conclusion: The results showed a relatively high rate of exposure to CHE. CHE occurrence was also more in poorer households, and common thresholds were the most appropriate thresholds for estimating CHE.
N Rajabi, R Fadaei, A Khazeni, J Ramezanpour, S Nasiri Esfahani, Gh Yadegarfar,
Volume 17, Issue 3 (Vol 17,No.3, Atumn 2021 2021)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Due to the importance of cutaneous leishmaniasis, the national leishmaniasis project began in 2007 in Iran. The aim of the present study was to evaluate community interventions in changes in the incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Isfahan Province from 2002 to 2018: an Interrupted time series regression analysis.
Materials and Methods: The present study was a repeated cross-sectional study. The incidence and 95% confidence interval were used to describe the disease trend. Data were entered into the Excel and analyzed using STATA14 software at a significance level of 5%. Intermittent time series regression analysis was used to evaluate community interventions in changes of leishmaniasis incidence.
Results: from 2002 to 2018, the data of 43,904 patients with leishmaniasis was registered in Isfahan Health Centers. The mean (standard deviation) age of the patients was 23.99 (19.03) years. The incidence had a decreasing trend after the interventions in all affiliated cities and the whole province.
Conclusion: The preventive intervention programs of the provincial health center have been rather successful and have reduced the incidence of the disease in the years after the intervention, so that despite the large number of confounding and influential factors regarding this disease, preventive intervention programs have led to disease control according to the reported annual incidence.
M Gholamhoseinzadeh, L Ghadirian Marnani, E Ehsani-Chimeh, F Rajabi,
Volume 18, Issue 1 (Vol.18, No.1, Spring 2022 2022)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The distribution of causes of death indicates the distribution of risk factors for death, and is a basis of planning and intervention to reduce risk factors. The quality of the registered information has problems due to the weakness of the processes of completing and issuing the death certificate or the coding method. The purpose of this study was to explain the challenges of death registration and to provide a solution in this regard.
Methods: This qualitative study was conducted in the second half of 2019 in Guilan University of Medical Sciences. The target population was the directors and experts of the death registration program. Sampling was done purposefully by counting. Data was collected through in-depth interviews using a questionnaire and simultaneous contractual content analysis to identify key themes. To ensure the validity and acceptability of the data, the participants and two research colleagues reviewed the data frequently.
Results: According to the content analysis of 24 interviews, the main challenges of death registration included manpower, organizing the death registration system in the country, and death registration software system and its implementation. These themes were abstracted from 45 subcategories and 13 main categories.
Conclusion: Considering the challenges described by death registration managers and experts, the main proposed interventions to improve the death registration system include recruiting appropriate staff, empowering and motivating various human resources departments, developing internal and external cooperation, increasing public participation, monitoring and continuous assessment to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the death registration system and adressing them, attention to the development of death registration software and its required infrastructure such as Internet access and equipment, attention to the multiplicity of systems, and efforts to integrate them.
Nasrin Talkhi, Nooshin Akbari Sharak, Zahra Rajabzadeh, Maryam Salari, Seyed Masoud Sadati, Mohammad Taghi Shakeri,
Volume 18, Issue 3 (Vol.18, No.3, Autumn 2022)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Due to the high prevalence of COVID-19 disease and its high mortality rate, it is necessary to identify the symptoms, demographic information and underlying diseases that effectively predict COVID-19 death. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to predict the mortality behavior due to COVID-19 in Khorasan Razavi province.
Methods: This study collected data from 51, 460 patients admitted to the hospitals of Khorasan Razavi province from 25 March 2017 to 12 September 2014. Logistic regression and Neural network methods, including machine learning methods, were used to identify survivors and non-survivors caused by COVID-19.
Results: Decreased consciousness, cough, PO2 level less than 93%, age, cancer, chronic kidney diseases, fever, headache, smoking status, and chronic blood diseases are the most important predictors of death. The accuracy of the artificial neural network model was 89.90% in the test phase. Also, the sensitivity, specificity and area under the rock curve in this model are equal to 76.14%, 91.99% and 77.65%, respectively.
Conclusion: Our findings highlight the importance of some demographic information, underlying diseases, and clinical signs in predicting survivors and non-survivors of COVID-19. Also, the neural network model provided high accuracy in prediction. However, medical research in this field will lead to complementary results by using other methods of machine learning and their high power.
Yaser Mesri, Mina Pakkhesal, Aliakbar Naghavialhosseini, Fatemeh Mirzaei, Abdolhalim Rajabi,
Volume 18, Issue 4 (Vol.18, No.4, Winter 2023)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Considering the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on health and the significance of oral health, this study aims to investigate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on dental care utilization among children.
Methods: This retrospective study utilized available data from the archives of the dental clinic at Gorgan Pediatric Hospital in 2022. Information regarding demographic characteristics and the types of received services were collected and entered to SPSS version 26 statistical analysis software. The chi-square test was used to compare the annual differences in the frequency of different service types, and the Cochrane-Armitage test was employed to examine the linear trend of changes in each service.
Results: A total of 24,185 different dental services were received by children aged between 2 and 14 years old referred to dental clinic of Taleghani Children Hospital from March 2020 to February 2022. Comparing the frequency of dental services in 2021 to that of 2020 revealed a 31% decrease in the total number of services. The types of services utilized during the first year of the pandemic exhibited significant changes compared to the pre-pandemic year. This included an increase in tooth extraction (P = 0.001) and a reduction in restorations (P = 0.000). Additionally, a noticeable increase in pulp treatment (P = 0.003) was observed, particularly in the second year of the pandemic.
Conclusion: The frequency of dental care utilization, types of services received, and insurance utilization underwent significant changes during the pandemic. It is crucial to plan for future required treatments and establish infrastructures to address similar pandemics.
