F Tanhaye Reshvanloo , S Sedaghatee, H Kareshki, T Saeidi Rezvani ,
Volume 16, Issue 3 (Vol.16, No.3 2020)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The widespread use of the Internet has created new issues in the field of psychological studies. One of these emerging constructs is Internet anxiety. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the construct validity of the Internet Anxiety Scale in students.
Methods: In a descriptive, validation study, 206 and 289 students from Farhangian University Branches of Mashhad were selected through multi-stage sampling and completed the Internet Anxiety Scale and Internet Self-efficacy scale, respectively. Internal consistency, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, criterion and constructive validity were evaluated using SPSS.25 and AMOS.24 software.
Results: The results showed that the scale had a two-factor structure with an explained variance of 55.82%. Confirmatory factor analysis was confirmed. The scale had good construct reliability. The divergent validity confirmed in relation to Internet self-efficacy (P<0.01). There was no significant difference in age (P>0.05). Gender differences were significant for fear of negative evaluation (F=6.53, P<0.01) and internet anxiety score (F=7.22, P<0.01), and girls had higher mean scores. Differences were significant according to field (P <0.01) and Science and Foreign Language students had the lowest and the highest mean score, respectively (21.37 and 27.05).
Conclusion: It seems that the Internet Anxiety Scale has a good reliability and validity in students.
Maryam Aghajarinezhad, Yahya Salimi, Shahab Rezaeian, Ghobad Moradi, Fatemeh Khosravi Shadmani, Roya Safari Faramani, Ebrahim Shakiba, Yahya Pasdar, Behrooz Hamzeh, Nayebali Rezvani, Mitra Darbandi, Farid Najafi,
Volume 18, Issue 2 (Vol.18, No.2, Summer 2022 2022)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Serological studies are based on the detection of antibodies. However, the produced antibodies decrease over time; therefore, such methods cannot provide a valid estimate of prevalence and incidence. The present study aimed to determine the serum prevalence and cumulative incidence in the Ravansar cohort population (Youth and RaNCD Cohort) in October 2020.
Methods: A random sample of 716 people aged > 18 years old were selected from the participants in the Ravansar cohort study in October 2020. Euroimmun anti-SARS COV-2 IgG ELISA kits (Lübeck, Germany) were used to measure antibody levels. Seroprevalence was estimated with considering of cut-off = 1, and cumulative incidence (modified and modified based on test specificity) was determined using modeling.
Results: In the present study, the serum prevalence of COVID-19 viral infection in the Ravansar cohort population from 22 October 2020 to 18 November 2020 was estimated to be %35.16 (95%CI: %31.64, %38.79). Modified Cumulative incidence and modified based on test characteristics from 20 February to 18 November 2020 were estimated to be %68.85 and %67.71, respectively.
Conclusion: Although very high cumulative incidence may be a sign of approaching herd immunity, adherence to health protocols is still recommended due to the potential role of asymptomatic cases in transmitting the disease to other members of the community; and the presence of new variants of the virus and reduced antibody levels should be considered.
