Showing 10 results for Shams
R Chaman, A Shamshiri, K Kamali, Ghr Khalili, K Holakouie Naieni,
Volume 2, Issue 1 (23 2006)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: This investigation was prompted by the growing importance of nested case-control studies and the increasing frequency with which they are done in epidemiologic research. After a brief explanation of nested case-control studies, we evaluate the trends in research methodology over the last decade, especially with regard to cohort, case-control, and nested case-control designs.
Methods: Data for this study were extracted from the PubMed database, using these keywords: Nested Case-Control, Risk-Set Sampling and Density Sampling. The search was confined to the 10-year period from 1996 to the end of 2005. As for other methodologies, we used keywords Cohort and Case-Control for a search over the same time period. The search itself was performed on April 25, 2006.
Results: We found 2011 articles reporting nested case-control studies. There were 95 such articles in 1996 the number had increased to 289 in 2005. Case-control and cohort designs accounted for 68456 and 60479 articles, respectively.
The number of case-control articles rose from 4378 in 1996 to 10270 in 2005, while that of cohort articles increased from 2981 to 9771 over the same period.
Conclusions: The number of cohort and nested case-control articles followed similar upward trends over the last decade and their rate of increase was greater than that of simple case-control articles.
N Shams Alizadeh , Ar Delavari , A Sheirdel, B Mohsenpour , E Ghaderi,
Volume 5, Issue 2 (22 2009)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Measuring the quality of life is one of the important indicators in evaluating health. The chronic disease is a one of the main cause of reduction in quality of life. The aim of this study was to assess the quality of life and its influential factors in 15-64 years old people in Kurdistan province, Iran.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study EUROHIS-QOL 8-item questionnaire was employed. Data was analyzed by SPSS statistical package.
Results: After adjusting the possible confounders, the mean score of quality of life was less in smoker 1.41 score versus non-smoker, in women 1.52 score versus men, in hypertension patients 1.41 score versus non-hypertension. The mean score of quality of life was reduced 0.05 per each year.
Conclusions: It is recommended to implement some interventions to manage properly current chronic diseases in order to increase the quality of life. It also seems that EUROHIS-QOL (8-item) is a suitable tool to measure the QOL in Iranian culture.
A Mohammadpoorasl, A Fakhari , F Rostami , M Shamsipour ,
Volume 5, Issue 4 (11 2010)
Abstract
Background and objective: Cigarette smoking in adolescent population seems a major public health issue. The goal of the present study was to identify the effect of socio-personal factors on transitions in the adolescent smoking.
Methods: A total of 1785 students were assessed twice during 12 months. with respect to stage of change. The predictor variables were measured when the students were in the 10th grade. Logistic regression was used to predict different smoking stages at grade 11.
Results: At the end of follow-up, 14.3 percent of non-smokers have had smoking experiment, and 16.5 percent of smokers have showed to be the regular smokers. Among non smokers, using alcohol, friendship with smoker group were predictors of being regular smokers.
Conclusion: Smoking prevention program should begin in adolescent age group.
Aa Akhlaghi, M Hosseini, M Mahmoodi, M Shamsipour, E Najafi,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (20 2012)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Peritoneal
dialysis is one of the most common types of dialysis in patients with renal
failure. However multivariate analysis such as log- rank test and Cox have
usually used to evaluate association of risk factors in survival of this group
of patients, the aim of this study was to perform of Weibull, Gamma, Lognormal and
Logistic Mixture cure models in survival analysis of these patients.
Methods: Data
of 433 patients undergoing CAPD who registered in two centers in Tehran, Iran
between 1997 to 2009 were used in this analysis. We investigated center,
gender, age, cholesterol, Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), High density
lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride, albumin, hemoglobin, creatinine, Fasting Blood
Sugar (FBS), calcium and phosphorous as variables effect with Kaplan-Meier and
cure model. CUREREGR module was used for survival analysis.
Results: Comparison
of AIC (Akaike Information Criterion) of Weibull, Gama, Lognormal and Logistic
Mixture cure models showed that Weibull distribution AIC is lower for almost
all variables than other distributions. Weibull distribution has better fitness
for data than others. In the multivariate Weibull model, age and albumin
variables had significant effect on long-term survival of patients (P<0.01).
Triglycerides effect on long-term survival had borderline (P = 0.065). Also
HDL, FBS and calcium were significant on short term survival (P<0.01) but
significance of LDL was borderline (P=0.088).
Conclusion: Cure models have the ability to analyze
dialysis patients' survival data and can differentiate long-term survival from short-
term survival. The interpretation of survival data with these statistical
models could be more accurate and would help to make better prediction for
patients by health care professionals.
M Cheharazi, M Shamsipour, M Norouzi, F Jafari, F Ramazan Ali,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (20 2012)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: One of the problems of diagnostic accuracy studies is
verification bias. It occurs when standard test performed only for
non-representative subsample of study subjects that diagnostic test done for
them. In this study we extend a Bayesian method to correct this bias.
Methods: Patients
that have had at least twice repeated failures in cycles IVF ICSI were included
in this model. Patients were screened by using an ultrasonography and those
with polyps recommended for hysteroscopy. A logistic regression with binomial
outcome fit to predict the missing values (false and true negative),
sensitivity and specificity. Bayesian methods was applied with informative
prior on polyp prevalence. False and true negatives were estimated in Bayesian
framework.
Results: A
total of 238 patients were screened and 47 had polyps. Those with polyps are
strongly recommended to undergo hysteroscopy, 47/47 decided to have a
hysteroscopy and 37/47 were confirmed to have polyps. None of the 191 patients
with no polyps in ultrasonography had hysteroscopy. The false negative was
obtained 14 and true negative 177, so sensitivity and specificity was estimated
easily after estimating missing data. Sensitivity and specificity were equal to
74% and 94% respectively.
Conclusion: Bayesian analyses with
informative prior seem to be powerful tools in simulation experimental
A Nikfarjam, Ar Shamshiri, Z Hasanpour, M Khalili,
Volume 11, Issue 4 (Vol 11, No.4, Winter 2016 2016)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Children immunization program is one of the most successful and most cost-effective public health interventions and medical programs. The study was designed and conducted in order to assess the vaccination coverage in areas covered by Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS).
Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study of children aged 24 months to 6 years living in urban areas and high-risk and marginal areas covered by TUMS. Six hundred and thirty children were sampled in 90 clusters in urban areas and cluster sampling as probability proportional to size sampling was performed in high risk areas and a sample size of 768 children was determined. The questionnaires were completed by interview.
Results: In high risk 750 children (97.7%, 95% CI: 96.32-98.60%) and 616 children (97.8%, 95% CI: 96.3-98.78%) in urban areas had complete immunization histories. Furthermore, 98.4% of the Iranian children and 95.0% of foreign children (P=0.019) in marginal areas and 98.1% of the Iranian children and 92.1% of the foreign children (P=0.046) in urban areas had complete immunization histories.Ignorance of immunization program (%50) was addressed as the main reason for incomplete immunization.
Conclusion: Universal mass vaccination coverage of the children and equal coverage in marginal and urban areas indicated the success of the authorities in the implementation of this program. Organizing training courses for mothers on the immunization program, providing the required facilities and services, monitoring and supervision of vaccination and also considering the immunization status of foreign children seem to be essential in maintaining and improving the existing status.
E Ghaderi, M Nasehi, J Hasanzadeh, Ho Barati, Taheri Sh, M Gholami, Mr Bazrafshan, R Taghizadeh Asl , M Shams,
Volume 15, Issue 2 (Vol.15, No.2 2019)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Social marketing is a method that acts through identifying the needs and demands of the audience and specifying the components of the behavioral market using the results of developmental research. So far, social marketing has not been used to involve the private sector in the tuberculosis (TB) control program. The aim of this study was to design a Public-Private Mix (PPM) program using social marketing.
Methods: This qualitative study was conducted using focused group discussions (FGD) with six different groups, including tuberculosis coordinator physicians, specialists from different fields in the private section, and managers of selected private laboratories and hospitals in Karaj in 2013 and the components of the PPM program were determined according to the results of the qualitative study.
Results: Most of the participants believed that participation of the private sector in the TB program was associated with significant challenges, including the lack of a well-defined process for communicating with the private sector, lack of a suitable platform, lack of appropriate monitoring tools, private sector’s lack of compliance, private sector’s lack of familiarity with national TB program protocols, lack of appropriate incentive and punitive measures, lack of appropriate feedback to the private sector, and monopoly in laboratories.
Conclusion: To run PPM in the TB program, it is necessary to involve laboratories in the program voluntarily. It is also essential to provide an informational and incentive package containing effective and low-volume tutorials; the package should facilitate feedback and promote respect for the private sector.
L Shams, Gh , T Nasiri, M Meskarpour Amiri,
Volume 17, Issue 4 (Vol.17, No.4, Winter 2022 2022)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between socioeconomic status and non-communicable diseases (NCD) risk factors in one of the northern counties of Iran.
Methods: A descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in Langrud County in 2019. In this study, 906 rural and urban households were surveyed using mixed sampling. The data collection tool was the standard questionnaire of "NCD disease care system". Households’ exposure to NCD behavioral risk factors (including unhealthy diet, sedentary lifestyle and smoking) in different socio-economic groups was examined and compared with logistic regression models using the STATA software.
Results: The probability of smoking in illiterate subjects and those with unfinished high school education and high school diploma was 5.1, 7.5 and 4.2 times higher than those with university education (OR = 5.1,7.5,4.2; P <0.05). The probability of unhealthy diets in the first and second quartiles of income (very low and low income) was 3.4 and 2.6 times higher compared to the people in the fourth quartile of income (high income) (P <0.05; OR = 3.4, 2.6).
Conclusion: The micro-level socioeconomic inequalities (within the county) have a significant relationship with households’ exposure to NCD risk factors. Reducing socio-economic inequalities at the micro level should be considered as an appropriate tool to reduce health inequality at the macro level.
Aysan Amrahi Tabieh, Parvin Sarbakhsh, Shamsedin Namjoo, Hossein Akbari, Hamid Allahverdipour,
Volume 19, Issue 4 (Vol.19, No.4, Winter 2024)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Frailty syndrome significantly impacts the health of older adults, and sleep quality is likely a pertinent clinical factor. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the relationship between sleep quality and sleep duration with frailty syndrome in the older adults of Naqadeh City.
Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 347 older adults aged 60 years and above in Naqadeh city in 2020 using 2-stage sampling (first, stratified, and then simple random sampling. Data collection tools included demographic questionnaires, the Edmonton Frail Scale, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS25 software.
Results: The study revealed that 30.3% of older adults were frail. Furthermore, a statistically significant correlation was observed between sleep quality and duration with older adults' frailty (r=0.635, p<0.001 and r=-0.170, p<0.001, respectively). Additionally, all frailty domains exhibited a significant relationship with sleep quality, with the most notable associations found in mood, medication use, and cognition domains (r = 0.487, r = 0.397, r = 0.381, respectively).
Conclusion: Probably, the quality and duration of sleep affect the frailty syndrome, so it is necessary to design and implement effective interventions to improve the quality of sleep and ultimately reduce the frailty of older adults, especially in the domains of cognition and mood.
Ashraf Saber, Maryam Omidi, Fereshteh Eidy, Mahdis Mehrabi Bardar, Rahman Panahi, Zahra Moghadasi, Shiva Pouraliroudbaneh, Ahmadreza Shamsabadi,
Volume 20, Issue 2 (Vol.20, No.2, Summer 2024)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Violence against pregnant women is a clear violation of women's rights associated with many consequences and complications both for the mother and fetus. In this study, we aimed to determine factors affecting the severity of domestic violence against pregnant women.
Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was carried out between July 2020 and September 2021. The participants were 234 women with low-risk pregnancies (28-40 weeks) who were transferred to the maternity ward of Bentolhoda Hospital in Bojnurd City. Mothers were selected by the convenience sampling method. A two-part questionnaire was used in this study, which included demographic and midwifery information questionnaires and a domestic violence questionnaire created by Tabrizi in 2013. Subsequently, the data were analyzed using logistic regression.
Results: The prevalence rate of violence against pregnant women (experiencing at least one type of domestic violence from the husband) was 64.6%. Among those who had experienced violence, 36.1% of the participants experienced low to very mild violence during pregnancy and 63.9% experienced moderate violence. However, severe violence was not experienced by any of the research units. Also, there was a significant relationship between babies' gender and the severity of violence (P=0.03). Pregnant women with male fetus (OR = 3.14, CI95%:1.093–9.069) were 3.14 times more exposed to violence with moderate severity.
Conclusion: In this study, most women suffered domestic violence with moderate severity. Among pregnant women with male fetuses, the severity of violence was even higher. Thus, it is necessary to pay a proper attention to the design and implementation of educational and support programs for these women to prevent domestic violence and reduce its adverse impacts.
