Showing 29 results for Soori
H Soori, M Rahimi, H Mohseni,
Volume 1, Issue 3 (25 2006)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Although most occupational injuries are the result of stress-related human error, the association between job stress and work-related accidents has not been studied adequately. The aim of this study, carried out in 2004, was to look at the pattern of job stress among workers at Iran-Saipa car manufacturing plant, and to assess the relationship between stress and occupational injuries.
Methods: Data were collected randomly from 608 workers considered to be at risk. The sample was composed of 100 subjects with a history of work-related injury within the preceding year and 508 subjects without such history. Job stress was assessed by the Belkic Occupational Stress Index (OSI). We performed creatinine, cortisole, and 17-ketosteroid assays on 24-hour urine collection samples to check the validity of OSI questionnaires. All subjects were males.
Results: The prevalence of job stress was 21.3%. The main stressors were time pressure (78.5%), mode of payment and evaluation (56.4%), and interaction with people and machines (41.3%). The risk of injury for workers experiencing job stress was significantly higher than in those without job stress (odds ratio= 2.0). On the other hand, job stress was found to be responsible for 11.9% of all occupational injuries in this community.
Conclusions: In conclusion, job stress should be recognized as an important factor causing occupational injuries among car manufacturing workers. Full commitment and participation of managers at all levels and also behavioral and environmental modifications in the production line is important in promoting safety and injury prevention.
H Soori, M Rahimi, H Mohseni,
Volume 2, Issue 3 (24 2006)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Job stress is common among different groups of professionals. It might be regarded as a defensive reaction allowing the individuals to cope with negative inputs and risk factors. Because of the rise in the mass production of motor vehicles in Iran over the last 2 decades, many managers in the car industry describe their jobs as highly stressful. However, there have not been any studies in Iran on the pattern of job stress in these managers. The aim of this study was to outline the epidemiologic pattern of job stress among managers of car companies in Iran.
Methods: This study was carried out among 496 managers of car industry in Iran. Using 12 different instruments the job stress of subjects was assessed. The main domains employed to assess job stress were time pressure, scheduling and timing, management at work, decision-making at work, organizational roles, development and structure, communication at work, work condition, and interaction between work and home duties.
Results: The mean age of subjects was 43.6 years with 12.1 years of job experience (SD=7.7). All subjects were males and 95% were married. The prevalence rate of job stress among subjects was 49.5%. The top four stressors were from decision-making at work (99.1%), time pressure (97.3%), time-table and scheduling (73.5%), and management at work place (50.5%). The prevalence of job stress was more common among the managers of lower level, and the younger ones (P<0.001). However, there was no significant difference by marital status and educational attainments.
Conclusions: This study showed that the Iranian managers working at car manufacture companies are at a higher risk of job stress and its effects compared to other managers in developed countries. Job stress may play a part in making them vulnerable to illness. It should be recognize as a priority of occupational health in this community. Stress management and appropriate interventions needs to be employed to control the negative effects of job stress among this group of managers.
H Soori,
Volume 5, Issue 2 (22 2009)
Abstract
Translated by Hamid Soori with permission from the BMJ Publishing Group and in coordination with International Journal of Epidemiology.
R Hokmabadi, H Soori, Mj Jafari,
Volume 5, Issue 3 (20 2009)
Abstract
Background & Objective: Road traffic injuries (RTIs) are the leading cause of burden of disease in Iran. Determination of road safety situation as a complex issue can reduce injury and death rates on roads. This study aimed to determine the effective indicators of road safety and introduce approaches to combine different indicators for implementation index to assess the road safety situation of Iran.
Methods: In this analytical and comparative study eleven indicators which have been categorized in nine dimensions were employed. Indicators normalized with maximum and minimum measures and three approaches were used to calculate the index. In order to put index into practice, data collected from eleven Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries. Comparison was performed by al-Haji index which has been development for ASEAN countries in 2007.
Results: The findings indicated that weighted index results based on previous experience are similar to al-Haji index and correlations between them are statistically significant (r=0.997). This study showed a remarkable difference between some selected countries. Singapore and Brunei have the best index records, Malaysia, Thailand, Philippines have the medium index records, Iran (with score 36.81), Indonesia, Myanmar, Cambodia, Vietnam and Laos have the least index records.
Conclusions: Findings of study indicate that Iran needs implementation composed index of risk factors to prevent RTIs and to assess better performance on road safety. The road safety in our country is still far from the desired condition therefore, more attention is necessary to be done to reduce injury and mortality rates in Iran.
S Akbarpour, N Jafari, A Khosravi, H Soori,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (19 2011)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Drowning is a major and serious public health problem in the northern provinces of Iran. It has significant opportunities for prevention. The aim of this study was to review the epidemiological pattern and burden of drowning in northern area f Iran.
Methods: To examine the incidence and characteristics of drowning in recreational water settings, we analyzed all available data from death registry in 2008 year in Mazandaran and Gilan provinces, located in north of Iran, through a retrospective study. Collective form was based on standard World Health Organization and then the burden of drowning was calculated.
Results: During 2008, 158 indigenous (88.6% male and 11.4% female) people from these provinces died due to drowning. The mean age of the drowned was 26.4 (SD=16.2) years. The drowning death rate was 2.9 per 100,000 population in two provinces. Most of cases (85.4%) of drowning occurred in sea and majority of death was in August (29.7 percent). Number of years lost was 4110 equivalent of 76.1 per 100,000 respectively. Most DALYs was seen to age group 10-19 years.
Conclusion: It is highly recommended the findings of this project should be considered for any future preventive plan by health authorizes in those provinces.
H Soori, A Ansarifar, F Mubasheri, A Mahmoudlou, Z Noorafkan, M Bakhtiari,
Volume 7, Issue 4 (16 2012)
Abstract
Normal
0
false
false
false
EN-US
X-NONE
AR-SA
The relationship between
two things if one is another originator or creator, called causality. Although this
concept is not specified to Medical Sciences and Epidemiology, the importance
of this issue is more highlighted in the field of epidemiology. Causation is
the most basic concepts in empirical sciences and is still under discussion
because it is dependent on the basis of any scientific laws without acceptance
something cease causality is impossible. With the increasing development of
science as well as epidemiology, causality has found a broader concept and its
application in analytical studies and logical interpretation of the results of
this type of study, has a wider dimension. Due to developing new epidemiology
courses at medical universities and increase the number of students, it is felt
to talk more about the causality concept. In this review causality concepts in
the humanities is overviewed, its history is briefly described, the causality
of Medical Epidemiology and also Islamic religion is considered, then the
causality framework, and models to interpret the conventional causality will be
discussed.
M Karami, H Soori, Y Mehrabi, Aa Haghdoost, Mm Gouya,
Volume 8, Issue 3 (17 2012)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Knowledge of the presence of seasonal trends and other explainable patterns in the prediagnostic data sources and removing such patterns before applying outbreak detection methods seem very important. This study aimed to detect and remove the explainable patterns such as seasonality, day-of-week (DOW) and holiday effects of the daily counts of suspected cases of measles in Iran.Methods: Data on daily counts of suspected cases of measles as a pre-diagnostic data source were obtained from Iranian national surveillance system between 21 March 2008 and 20 March 2011. We used lines plot, moving average chart, autocorrelation and partial autocorrelation functions for detecting explainable patterns. Moving average (MA) and Holt- Winters (HW) exponential smoothing method are used for removing explainable patterns.
Results: Our findings indicate the presence of seasonality, DOW effect, holidays and weekend effects in the daily counts of suspected cases of measles. The good performance of HW exponential smoothing technique in removing seasonal patterns is evident. MA technique showed better performance regarding assumption violation on outbreak detection methods.
Conclusion: Because of the presence of explainable patterns in the daily counts of suspected cases of measles, considering such patterns before applying outbreak detection algorithms is very important. Implementing both MA (7 days) techniques for its simplicity as a pre- processing method and HW method for its efficacy in removing seasonal patterns is recommended.
M Karami, H Soori, Y Mehrabi, Aa Haghdoost, Mm Gouya,
Volume 8, Issue 3 (17 2012)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Evaluating the performance of outbreak detection methods using real data testing provide the highest degree of validity. The aim of this study was to determine the performance of the Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (EWMA) in real time detection of two local outbreaks in Iran.
Methods: The EWMA algorithm (both ƛ= 0.3 and 0.6) applied on daily counts of suspected cases of measles to detect local outbreaks which had been occurred in Mashhad and Bandar Abbas cities during 2010. The performance of The EWMA algorithms were evaluated using real data testing approach and reported by correlation analysis.
Results: Mashhad outbreak was detected with a delay of about 2 to 7 days using EWMA algorithms as outbreak detection method while the utility of EWMA algorithms in real time detection of Bandar Abbas’ outbreak were on time good optimal. Maximum correlation value for EWMA 2 in relation to Mashhad outbreak was 0.60 at lag 2.
Conclusion: Applying the EWMA algorithm as an outbreak detection method at local levels is not suggested. However the characteristics of data are determinant of the performance of such detection methods.
F Khosravi Shadmani , H Soori, M Karmi, F Zayeri, Mr Mehmandar,
Volume 8, Issue 4 (9 2013)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: In the chain of vehicles, human and environment, the human factors are the most complex element in the causes of road traffic injuries (RTIs). Unauthorized speeding and overtaking are considered as the main human factors resulting RTIs. This study estimated the population attributablefraction of two human factors, the most common risk factors of rural roads, of RTIs.
Methods: To calculate the population attributable risk, the prevalence of unauthorized speeding and overtaking registered in Police data was employed. Effect size related to odds ratio was employed using Logistic regression. Joint effect of related risk factors also calculated and reported. Dasta were taken from national traffic police using the KAM 114 froms.
Results: The percentage of population attributable risk of unauthorized speeding for deaths at crash scene was 20.9 and for injured cases was 16.6. These values were 13.5 and 13.4 for unauthorized overtaking respectively. Corresponding for joint effects the population attributable risk was 31.6 for deaths and 27.8 for injuries.
Conclusion: The results illustrate the importance of speed control and unauthorized overtaking as a priority of RTIs in Iran. It is recommended that related laws and legislations should be pursued more seriously, and followed by more effectively.
A Ansarifar, H Soori, Akbarzadeh Bagheban, ,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (5-2013)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of Persian version of survey instrument for Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFS).
Methods: Content and Face validity of Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFS) questionnaire were examined with Backward-Forward method. This method consisted of four steps: translation, back-translation, expert review and Pilot study. For evaluation of reliability of questionnaire, 194 adults of 18 years or older from Karaj province were interviewed. For the examination of reliability, Cronbach’s alpha was calculated to assess the internal consistency of the questionnaire. The reliability of quantitative variables evaluated with intra class correlation (ICC) ordinal variables with weighted Kappa and nominal variables with Kappa and weighted Kappa were calculated as well.
Results: Average age of participants were 38.8 15. Majority of participants (66.5%) were in 18-44 years group, 26.8% in 45-64 years and others 65 years and older. In validity procedure, 26 questions were deleted, 3 questions added and 6 questions were modified. Questions of ‘having situations of HIV morbidity’ and ‘Do you currently use drug abuse’ were least reliability and deleted from questionnaire. Others were reliable. (It might be better to say how many questions remained finally)
Conclusion: Our results indicate that BRFSS Persian version questionnaire has acceptable reliability and criterion validity for surveillance system in Iran.
M Karami, H Soori, Y Mehrabi, Aa Haghdoost, Mm Gouya, N Esmailnasab,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (Vol 9, No 2, Summer 2013 2013)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Timely response to emerging diseases and outbreaks are a major public health and health systems priority. There are few published studies that evaluate the performance of cumulative sum (CUSUM) on identical data using semi- synthetic simulation approach. This study was undertaken to determine the performance of the CUSUM in timely detection of 831 days of simulated outbreaks.
Methods: We evaluated the performances of the CUSUM as an outbreak detection method on simulated outbreaks injected to daily counts of suspected cases of measles as baseline data in Iran between 21 March 2008 till 20 March 2011. Data obtained from the Iranian national surveillance system. The performance of algorithms was evaluated using sensitivity, false alarm rate, likelihood ratios and Area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve.
Results: Generally the sensitivity of the CUSUM algorithm in detecting simulated outbreaks was 50%
(95% CI: 47- 54). The corresponding values are disaggregated according to outbreak size, shape and duration. The CUSUM algorithm detected the half of outbreaks after 13.84 days on average.
Conclusion: We concluded that CUSUM algorithm performed good in detection of large outbreaks with short periods and poorly in detecting long period outbreaks, particularly those simulated outbreaks that did not begin with a surge of cases.
F Khosravi Shadmani , H Soori, M Karami, F Zayeri,
Volume 10, Issue 1 (Vol 10, No 1 2014)
Abstract
Background & Objectives : World Health Organization has recommended the main strategies for the prevention of road traffic injuries on some of the risk factors. This study aimed to prioritize the preventive interventions according to risk factors of road traffic injuries in Iran.
Methods: The potential impact fraction (PIF) of the main strategies for prevention was analyzed from national traffic police data registry in 2011 in urban and rural roads. PIF was calculated for risk factors of road traffic injuries and joint effect at three counterfactual distributions: theoretical minimum risk level, plausible minimum risk level, and feasible minimum risk level. The priority setting of preventive intervention was performed based on contribution of each risk factor.
Results : Based on the potential impact fraction of death (PIF calculated using odds ratio of death) the priorities were as follows in order: wearing a helmet by the motorcycle passenger, wearing a helmet by motorcycle rider, and lack of speed management. Risk factors in this study were more important in urban roads and joint effects of risk factors were close to 100 percent
Conclusion: It is strongly recommended that future interventions focus on the use of the helmet by motorcycle passengers and riders, the use of the seat belt by the passengers, and speed management. Our findings indicated that laws and legislations should be pursued more seriously. Calculation of the potential impact fraction is better than the population attributable fraction and allows for more accurate prediction of the future.
Hr Gilasi, H Soori, Sh Yazdani, P Taheri Tenjani ,
Volume 11, Issue 2 (Vol 11, No 2 2015)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Managers need the results of scientific researches for executive planning. Considering some methodological errors in reported studies in Iran and the lack of specific and summarized references, this article aims to provide practical considerations in elderly studies.
Methods: In this narrative review, we conducted a comprehensive search in all accessible electronic data bases using “epidemiology” or “methodology” and “elderly” or their synonyms as keywords. Related papers and books were selected. After review, considerable notes were extracted and presented.
Results: Considering attrition, death, and non-response rates in sample size calculation, proportional sampling from all strata, and considering differences in clinical manifestations and diagnosis are important. Matching for main confounders, considering recall bias, creating a quiet and comfortable environment to conduct the interview, allocating a certain percentage of participants to high risks, registering age and other quantitative variables in detailed and non-categorized formats, home visit for interview after receiving informed consent from the elderly or their guardians, interview at the closest location to the elderly’s residence, avoiding long interviews, considering bold and legible words in designing the questionnaire, data re-checking with proxy and documents, applying age and sex adjustment for rates, evaluating the functional status, appropriate interpretation related to odds ratio and considering the cost of the studies are the most essential considerations in aging studies.
Conclusion: Using epidemiological methods with respect to the characteristics of the elderly enhances the quality of the collected data. Well designed studies provide policy makers with reliable evidence for planning.
A Ahmadi, H Soori, Y Mehrabi, K Etemad,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (Vol 12, No.1 2016)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Determining and monitoring the age at myocardial infarction (MI) and its comparison in various regions is one of the vital and basic principles for the management of MI.This study was conducted to determine the age at the first MI in Iran.
Methods: In this cross-sectional, analytical study at a national level, the data of 20750 new MI patients registered in 2012 in 31 provinces of Iran according to the cardiologist’s diagnosis, World Health Organization criteria, and the codes ICD10: I21-I22 were used. The calculations were done using the Stata 12 software.
Results: The mean±SD of age at the first MI was 61.2±13.4 years in all patients in Iran. Moreover, 15033 (72.4%) patients were male with a mean age of 59.6±13.3 years. The mean age at MI in men was lower than women (65.4±12.6 years), showing a statistical significance (P<0.001).The mean age at MI was different among Iran provinces, with a statistical significance (P<0.001). The lowest mean age at the first MI was seen in the patients living in Semnan (59.1±12.9 years), followed by Tehran (60.4±13.5 years), Sistan va Balouchestan (60.3±13.9 years), and Lorestan (60.1±14.5 years), with a significant difference from the mean age of the patients in Ardabil (63.2±15.1 years) and Zanjan (64.4±112.8 years) (P<0.019).
Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that the age at MI was approximately five years younger in men than women. This studyprovided the ground for monitoring the age at MI, and more effective management of cardiovascular diseases in Iran.
F Osmani , E Hajizadeh, P Mansoori,
Volume 12, Issue 3 (Vol 12, No 3 2016)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: In studies in which each person may experience an event at different times, they are recurrent events.One of the most popular approaches in analyzing recurrent event is obtaining an estimate of the means/rate of events at different times. In this context,one of the things that could help to better understand the effect of this factor on the response is determining the variability due to quantitative variables in the rate of events over time. In this study,we applied kernel and B-spline methods to estimate coefficients in the time dependent-coefficients rate model and showed its application in data of psoriasis.
Methods: In this study,data of patients with psoriasis who had a relapse leading to hospitalization in the Dermatology Department of Imam Khomeini Hospital,between 2005 and June 2013 were used. To investigate the relapse rate during these years,time-dependent coefficients rate model was used and the variability of these effects was assessed using the Wald test. Both b-Spline and kernel methods were used for estimating time varying coefficients in the time-dependent rate model.Finally,the results of the methods were compared based on estimates obtained.
Results: The results of this study showed that according to Wald test,the effect of the variables such as the season on the occurrence of psoriasis was significantly different (P-value<0.01).Also, according to the estimated coefficients from both methods,there was a little difference between them.
Conclusion: When the effect of a variable on the occurrence of the events is different at different time, then time-dependent coefficients rate model may provide a better estimate of the effect of variable on response.
H Soori, J Hasani, N Entezami, Sm Hosseini, E Rafiei,
Volume 13, Issue 1 (Vol 13, No 1, Spring 2017)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are common goals that were established by the United Nations in 2000. The aim of this study was to compare some of these indicators in Iran, the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR), and the world.
Methods: The existing data from the World Health Status in 2014 and some other available sources in Iran, EMR, and across the world were addressed. The most relevant health indicators included decreased childhood mortality, maternal well-being, prevention of AIDS, tuberculosis and other diseases, and environment quality assurance.
Results: The proportion of neonatal mortality to total mortality among those less than 5 years increased from 37 to 44 in the world compared to 39 to 46 in EMRO and 46 to 61 in Iran. About 14.5% (71000 out of 490000) of the AIDS/HIV cases reported in the EMRO belonged to Iran in 2002. The maternal mortality rate (MMR) showed a decline of 72.2%, 50% and 44% in Iran, EMRO and the World respectively. The proportion of delivery by skilled persons and the proportion of pre-delivery care had a positive trend in Iran and were higher as compared to EMRO and the world average.
Conclusion: Iran achieved many MDGs, however, despite a decline in the AIDS/HIV incidence rate, its prevalence rate has increased in Iran, EMRO and the world from 2001 to 2013. The proportion of neonatal mortality rate to under 5-year mortality rate has had an increasing trend. Decision-makers should give priority to indicators that have not achieved MDGs.
M Shakiba, Ma Mansournia, H Soori,
Volume 13, Issue 1 (Vol 13, No 1, Spring 2017)
Abstract
Standard methods for estimating exposure effects in longitudinal studies will result in biased estimates of the exposure effect in the presence of time-dependent confounders affected by past exposure.
In the present review article, we first described the assumptions required for estimating the causal effect in longitudinal studies and their structure regarding various types of exposure and confounders; then, we explained the bias of standard methods in estimating the causal effect.
Two types of bias, i.e. over-adjustment bias and selection bias, occur in estimating the effect of time-varying exposure in the presence of time-dependent confounders affected by previous exposure using standard regression analysis. Standard regression methods cannot sufficiently modify time-dependent confounders and estimate the total causal effect of the exposure.
M Nejatifar , H Soori, M Ghaffari,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (Vol.13, No.2, Summer 2017)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: A feasible and cost-effective tool is required to investigate young children' behaviors with regard to the risk of injury. The aim of this study was to assess the psychometrics of the Persian version of the Injury Behavior Checklist (IBC).
Methods: After validating the translation (backward-forward translation), the final version of the checklist was developed through content analysis and face validity and according to the comments of a panel of experts. The final version was distributed among 300 mothers of children aged 2-5 years referring to the kindergartens of Tehran. Convergent validity was evaluated by internal consistency through calculation of Cronbach's alpha coefficient, as well as item-total correlation. The reliability of the checklist was assessed through the test-retest method with participating 55 mothers and comparison of the scores of the two steps by correlation coefficient and interclass correlation coefficient (ICC).
Results: The content validity ratio was acceptable (0.6-1) for 100% of the items, and the content validity index was 0.93 for relevancy and clarity and 0.92 for simplicity. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.87. All 24 items of the IBC were acceptably and directly correlated with the total score of the tool (r=0.25-0.65). Reliability results also confirmed the test-retest reliability of the Persian version of the IBC (r=0.90; ICC=0.86).
Conclusion: The Persian version of the IBC is a reliable tool for investigation of risk taking and its association with different injuries in children aged 2-5 years.
T Yousefinezhadi, H Soori, E Mohamadi,
Volume 14, Issue 3 (Vol.14, No.3, 2018)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The sustainable development goals include 17 goals, one of which is exclusively related to health. The aim of this study was to assess the status of indicators of sustainable development goals related to health in Iran compared to countries in the region and the WHO countries.
Methods: Secondary data were used to examine the status of indicators of sustainable development goals related to health. The data reported by the World Health Organization in 2017, the World Bank, and other available resources at the international levels such as the UN and UNICEF were addressed. The indicators according to which the situation in Iran was below the average of the region were selected for further exploration and analysis. A checklist, which met the research objectives, was used for data collection.
Results: The status of the maternal mortality ratio (25 in 100,000 people), incidence of tuberculosis) 16 in 100,000 people), and incidence of malaria (0.5 in 1000 people) was favorable. The indicators with an unfavorable status in Iran compared to the regional average were the mortality due to natural disasters, unintentional poisoning, road traffic injuries, and alcohol consumption per capita.
Conclusion: Iran has achieved many SDGs goals; however, there is a need for carefully designed plans for controlling and reducing some indicators. Prioritizing indicators in which Iran has had little success should be taken seriously by decision makers.
P Shiri, H Soori, A Razzaghi,
Volume 14, Issue 3 (Vol.14, No.3, 2018)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Human errors are the most important factors for RTIs, which have been addressed in few quantitative studies. The objective of this study was to calculate the annual population attributable fraction (PAF) of the most important human risk factor for RTIs in the streets and highways of the Great Tehran.
Methods: In this study, the data of 124518 individuals registered in the COM114 form of the Police Information and Communication Technology (ICT- FAVA) data system of the country were employed in 2014. A regression model was applied to estimate the magnitude of the impact of traffic violations of drivers with RTIs using the adjusted relative risk ratio. To estimate the PAF, the prevalence and effect size were calculated based on the risk ratio (RR) using the baseline method or the Miettinen formula.
Results: The PAF of driving in reverse gear and failure to observe safe distance was 1.98% and 1.93%, respectively. Driving in the reverse gear and failure to observe the safe distance increased RTIs by 22% and 23%, respectively. On the highways of the Great Tehran, the largest proportion of PAF was related to driving in reverse gear (1.96%), sudden movement of the car (1.90%), speeding (1.87%). Speeding increased the risk of RTIs by 23%.
Conclusion: Monitoring traffic violations can decrease road crashes by 10% in the streets. Moreover, on highways, use of strategies to prevent traffic violations can decrease RTIs by up to 15%.
