Iranian Journal of

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Background & Objective: Physical activity is important for the health of all individuals, however, the determinants of physical activity behavior for elderly remain unexplored in Iran. The purpose of this investigation was to explore a range of factors that influence participation in physical activity for a group pf elderly people in Tehran in 2008.
Methods: This was a population-based study. Structured interviews with a valid questionnaire were employed for this survey. It was carried out on four hundred members of Healthy Association in Tehran. Multistage sampling was used.
Results: The mean age of participants was 64.07 ± 4.49. The prevalence of a sedentary lifestyle among elderly fifty-three (53%) estimated. The prevalence across the stages was as follows: 30.25% in pre contemplation, 12.75%in contemplation, 27.25% in preparation, 6.25% in action and 23.5% in maintenance. Inactive participants perceived that their laziness prevented them from being physically active. Meeting friends was the most important facilitator for participating in physical activity. The individuals who married, younger, lower body Mass index, having no chronic disease, and those with past history of exercise were more likely to adopt, initiate and maintain regular physical activity. Regression analysis showed that the greater knowledge of physical activity, higher Perceived health benefits, more Self efficacy were associated with physical activity.
Conclusion: Knowing the facilitators and barriers factors of physical activity in elderly would help to implement any future intervention for this group of people.

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Background & Objectives: Back pain represents one of the most common occupational problems in nursing. Since the correct posture has a key role in prevention of back pain, this study was performed to determine of operating- room nurses' readiness to adopt correct posture based on Transtheoretical Model (TTM) .
 Methods: This descriptive-analytical study included a convenience sample of 110 operating- room nurses employed at four hospitals in city of Hamadan. Participations completed a designed questionnaire to assess the readiness of change based on TTM.
 Results: The results of present study revealed that by increasing the stage of change (from precontemplation to maintenance), adopting correct posture in the nurses, increased as well (P=.01). Also, by increasing the stage of change, self-efficacy for adopting correct posture increased (P=.03) and perceived cons decreased (P=.02). Stage of change constructs could predict 68% variance of adopting correct posture in the nurses.
 Conclusion: The results of present study indicated that the majority of operating-room nurses are in pre-operational levels (precontemplation, contemplation and preparation) for adopting correct posture. Considering stages of change as an intervening variable may contribute in any future intervention for this group.

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  Background & Objectives : Leadership power and management are discussed as sensitive and key elements in the safety issue. A safety leader can provide the necessary incentives for hard work, efficiency, and more productivity in the organization which includes various working groups and also strengthening a sense of individual responsibility to promote the safety performance in order to achieve the organizational goals. This study aimed to determine the validity and reliability of the Safety Leadership Questionnaire in the vehicle manufacturing industry.

  Methods : This cross-sectional study was conducted on 260 employees of Pars-Khodro Company in the manufacturing lines. All samples were selected randomly. The validity of the questionnaire was determined by statistical methods such as exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and the heterogeneity between questions. Also, the Cronbach's alpha was used in order to investigate the reliability of the questionnaire.

  Results: The results of exploratory factor analysis showed three factors including decision making, control, and incentives explained 66 percent of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis represented the appropriate fitness of information with a three-component structure (P<0.001, df = 2, 𝜒 2 = 5.36, CFI = 0.957, RMSEA = 0.089). The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was higher than 0.7 for all three factors.

  Conclusion : In this research, decision making was an important factor in measuring safety leadership. Moreover, the present study represented an indicator which could be used in the other surveys of safety and industrial psychology.