Showing 9 results for Tehrani
M Naghavi, F Abolhassani, F Pourmalek, N Jafari, M Moradi Lakeh, B Eshrati, N Mahdavi Hezaveh, H Kazemeini, A Tehrani Banihashemi, Sh Shoaee,
Volume 4, Issue 1 (22 2008)
Abstract
Background & Objective: Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY) summarizes the fatal and nonfatal outcomes of diseases and injuries in one number and gives a quantitative assessment of the health of a population. Estimating the burden of diseases and injuries in Iran in terms of DALY both nationwide and in 6 provinces.
Methods: We used slightly modified versions of the methods developed by the World Health Organization for estimating the burden of premature mortality, disability, and the DALY.
Results: The DALY rate per 100,000 was 21572 and 62% of this was life lost due to premature mortality the remaining 38% was due to disability from diseases and injuries. Fifty-eight percent of the total DALYs had been lost due to non-communicable diseases, 28% due to external causes (injuries), and 14% due to communicable, maternal/ perinatal and nutritional illnesses. The group of diseases and injuries with the highest burden in males waz intentional and unintentional injuries (2.789 million DALYs), while in the female population this position was held by mental disorders with 1.191 million DALYs. The single most important cause of burden was traffic accidents in males and ischemic heart disease in females. Disease burden showed considerable variability between different provinces.
Conclusion: The profile of health and disease in Iran has generally shifted from the predominance of communicable, maternal/perinatal, and nutritional illnesses towards predominance of non-communicable diseases and injuries at the national level. These figures on disease burden at population level are the most objective evidence that can be used in policy making and management of health programs, health research, and resource development within the health sector.
S Kolahi, A Kolahi, S Tehrani Ghadim,
Volume 4, Issue 1 (22 2008)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Anemia is one of the most common disorders affecting all age groups. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of anemia and microcytic anemia in the population served by Asadabadi Health Center in Tabriz.
Methods: We used a systematic sampling method to select 1623 subjects out of a total of 233000 persons aged above 12 years. Measurements of hemoglobin, MCV (Mean Cell Volume) and in the case of anemia, serum iron, ferritin, TIBC (Total Iron Binding Capacity), together with hemoglobin electrophoresis and reticulocyte count were performed in reference laboratories. Data were analyzed using T tests and the Epi6 software package.
Results: The prevalence rate of anemia was 9.7% more than 75% of the cases were due to iron deficiency, while 11.4% were caused by minor thalassemia. Prevalence rates for iron deficiency anemia and minor thalassemia in studied population were 7.3% and 1.1% respectively.
Conclusion: Findings show that the degree of anemia- as defined in the WHO classification- is mild in this region. The most common cause of anemia is iron deficiency.
H Safabakhsh, F Tehranian, B Tehranian, H Hatami, G Karimi, M Shahabi,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (5-2013)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Prevalence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection varies is highly prevalent in different societies. CMV infection in susceptible patients is associated with serious morbidity and a high mortality and is a matter of concern for blood bank professionals and blood transfusion recipients, especially in cases of transfusions to neonates and immunocompromised patients. Thus, the present study aimed to determine the prevalence rate of anti-CMV antibodies among the blood donors of Mashhad Blood Transfusion Center.
Methods: This seroepidemiology study carried out on 1008 samples from blood donors in Mashhad Blood Transfusion Center and the prevalence rate of anti-CMV antibodies (IgM, IgG) was estimated by ELISA method in the samples
Results: Out Of 1008 serum samples from donors, 1000 persons (99.2%) had anti-CMV IgG and 16 donors (1.6%) had anti-CMV IgM in their sera. Eight (8) persons had no anti-CMV IgG and IgM in their sera.
Conclusion: The high rate of prevalence of CMV in this study region indicating blood component screening strategies for blood transfusions require particular attention among healthcare professionals as part of the actions for prevention and reduction of primary infections caused by CMV.
Mh Fallah Mehrabadi , Ar Bahonar, F Zaynolabedini Tehrani , M Vasfi Marandi , A Sadrzadeh, Sa Ghafouri, M Meshkat, F Masror,
Volume 10, Issue 4 (Vol 10, No 4 2015)
Abstract
Background and Objectives : Influenza is an acute, contagious, and zoonotic viral disease. It is caused by a virus of the Orthomyxoviridae family. This very infectious is caused by different subtypes of type A influenza virus in the poultry, turkey, and many other birds. In this study, the serum status of rural domestic poultry was investigated for influenza subtype H9N2.
Methods: This cross sectional study was done from August to October in 2013 in Iranian villages through sampling domestic poultry. The sampling was accidental and was done based on the GIS 11-digit code. In each village, blood samples were taken from at least 28 birds from different species. Then, ELISA was used for screening followed by the HI test. A total of 397 villages and 11546 birds (10145 chickens, 1413 ducks, 397 turkeys, 10 pigeons, and 175 other species) were sampled.
Results : Three hindered and forty nine (88%) out of 397 villages were positive on ELISA. In addition, 341 villages (86%) were positive and 56 (14%) were negative on the HI test for antibody titers. Also, among the considered variables, weather was a risk factor and the prevalence was significantly lower in villages near the rivers, lagoons and lakes (up to a radius of 3 Km).
Conclusion: The high seroprevalence of influenza H9N2 in rural domestic poultry indicates that the disease is becoming endemic. As there is no eradication policy for influenza H9N2 in Iran, using effective vaccines can reduce the infection with influenza virus in domestic and rural poultry.
Mh Fallah Mehrabadi , Ar Bahonar, F Tehrani, M Vasfi Marandi , A Sadrzadeh, M Shabani ,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (Vol 12, No.1 2016)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Influenza is an acute, highly contagious disease of a variety of both domestic and wild bird species. The aim of this study was to estimate subclinical infections or previous exposure to H5 and H7 subtypes and to discover potentially important determinants of the prevalence of this disease in industrial and backyard poultry in Iran.
Methods: A survey was conducted from September to December 2014 in Iran using a cross-sectional design throughout the entire country. The Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was used as the screening test and all ELISA-positive samples were examined with the HI test to differentiate H5 and H7. A total of 1378 places and 31547 birds were sampled.
Results: One place (bird garden) out of 1378 was positive for the H7 subtype and six places (2 bird gardens, 3 villages, and 1 ostrich farm) out of 1378 were positive for the H5 subtype on HI test. The results of this study showed that the presence of a lake (OR=12.20, CI 95% 2.19-68.09) and live bird marketing (11.73, CI 95% 1.32-104.42) were risk factors for the H5 subtype.
Conclusion: Sampling migratory waterfowl birds is recommended for early detection of probable infections and preventing the spread of infection to the backyard and industrial poultry because of their role in the transmission of the disease and probability of circulation of the virus.
S Bokaie, F Ansari, Sm Peighambari, M Mahmoudi, Mh Fallah , F Tehrani, A Rajab, Sa Ghafouri , Smm Tabatabaei, M Shabani,
Volume 12, Issue 2 (Vol 12, No 2 2016)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Salmonella contamination of broiler breeder farms is of great importance regarding transmission of the bacteria through the production chain of poultry meat. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and management related factors of Salmonella contamination in broiler breeder flocks in Iran.
Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out between 2013 and 2014 in 23 provinces of Iran. Fecal samples were obtained from 139 broiler breeder farms and were subjected to standard bacteriological tests for Salmonella isolation. The serogroups of isolated Salmonella were determined using standard serological tests. Relevant information of sampled holdings was acquired from the GIS system and used for risk factor detection.
Results: The prevalence of Salmonella contamination in broiler breeder holdings was 7.9% and the more positive samples were from Tehran and Fars provinces. The flock age (P = 0.019) and the number of poultry houses in the farm (P = 0.037) were major risk factors of Salmonella contamination in broiler breeder farms.
Conclusion: This investigation showed that the prevalence of Salmonella contamination in broiler breeder farms was relatively high. It is necessary to establish an appropriate program for controlling Salmonella contamination in broiler breeder farms. Regular sampling for early detection of contaminated farms would be very important in this case. Sampling from old flocks should be the first priority.
Mh Fallah Mehrabadi, F Tehrani, A Bahonar, A Shoushtari, A Ghalyanchilangeroudi,
Volume 14, Issue 4 (Vol.14, No.4, 2019)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: HPAI has economic and public health importance. Aquatic and shore migratory birds are the main reservoirs and the cause of the spread of viruses across countries. The aim of study was risk assessment of the spread of the avian influenza H5 viruses.
Methods: In this qualitative study, structured interviews and focus group discussions were used to assess the risk of the introduction and spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (H5-subtypes) into Iran.
Results: Over 300 wetlands, natural and artificial lakes, ponds, and more than 517 bird species (swans, geese, ducks, and coots) are identified in Iran. Weakness in detecting virus entry windows, weakness in passive surveillance of migratory birds, inadequate supervision on hunting of migratory wild birds, movement of hunted birds without any criteria without the control of the Veterinary Organization, inability to monitor the supply of migratory birds in the LBMs, law weaknesses in dealing with offenders, lack of training for people, presence of suitable conditions for close contacts between wild birds and backyard and industrial poultry, and weakness of research on AI in migratory birds were the most important factors influencing the spread of these viruses.
Conclusion: HPAI will be one of the most important challenges for the poultry industry and public health. Solving this challenge requires national determination, overhead organizational views, collaborative and practical cooperation of related organizations, and short and long-term planning based on the realities of the country.
M Chehrazi, R Omani Samani , E Tehraninejad, H Chehrazi, A Arabipoor,
Volume 14, Issue 4 (Vol.14, No.4, 2019)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Analysis of ordinal data outcomes could lead to bias estimates and large variance in sparse one. The objective of this study is to compare parameter estimates of an ordinal regression model under maximum likelihood and Bayesian framework with generalized Gibbs sampling. The models were used to analyze ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome data.
Methods: This study used the data from 138 patients of a clinical trial phase III to compare the efficacy of intravenous Albumin and Cabergoline in prevention of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. The original study was done between 2010 to 2011 in Royan institute. We compared maximum likelihood and Bayesian estimation with generalized Gibbs sampling for an ordinal regression model based on confidence intervals and standard errors. The model were fit through R 3.3.2 software version.
Results: Markov Chain Monte Carlo results reduced the standard errors for estimates and consequently, narrower confidence intervals. Autocorrelations for generalized Gibbs sampler reached to zero in compare to standard Gibbs sampler for shorter time.
Conclusion: It seems that confidence intervals of an ordinal regression model are shorter for generalized Gibbs sampler in compare to standard Gibbs and maximum likelihood. It suggests doing more studies to warrant the results.
Mh Rabiee, H Akbarin, S Bokaie, Mh Fallah Mehrabadi , A Sadrzadeh, F Tehrani,
Volume 17, Issue 1 (Vol 17,No.1, Spring 2021 2021)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The commercial layer chicken farming is one of the most important sectors of the poultry industry. This study was conducted to evaluate the status of biosecurity of commercial layer chicken farms in 9 Iranian provinces with the highest layer chicken population.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 202 commercial layer chicken farms were selected from nine Iranian provinces in 2019 using stratified random sampling. Then, the required data were collected using a questionnaire by presenting to the farms in person. The results are expressed as mean, standard variation, sum and adoption rate index.
Results: The results showed that the adoption level of total biosecurity measures was 68.18% in the commercial layer chicken farms in Iran. This figure was 72.11%, 75% and 60.82% for conceptual, structural and operational biosecurity measures, respectively. Among conceptual biosecurity measures, the lowest adoption level (29.20%) was for distance to the nearest garden and agriculture land. Among structural biosecurity measures, the lowest adoption level (28.96%) was for a hand disinfection spot before shed. Among the operational biosecurity measures, the lowest adoption level was for water filtrations (31.18%) and microbial testing of water (33.91%).
Conclusion: This study investigated the biosecurity status of commercial layer chicken farms in nine Iranian provinces with the highest layer chicken population and revealed some weaknesses in the implementation of these measures at conceptual, structural and operational levels.
