Showing 6 results for Yazdani
J Yazdani Cherati , E Ahmadi Baseri , M Saki, S Etemadinejad,
Volume 9, Issue 4 (3-2014)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major infectious diseases in Iran and has pulmonary and extra-pulmonary manifestations. Considering the differences in the distribution of the cases across different regions, we decided to study the geographical distribution, epidemiologic characteristics, and disease pattern in Lorestan.
Methods: This ecologic (descriptive analytical) survey was done in Lorestan between 2002 and 2008. The data was collected from the Health Department of Lorestan University of Medical Sciences and included the history of 1481 patients suffering from TB. The study variables were sex, disease type, residential location, age, and year. The data were analyzed using statistical package SAS 9.2 and descriptive and inferential statistics were applied.
Results: From 1481 registered patients 58.4% were male and 41.6% were female among which 68.74% and 29.98% lived in urban and rural areas and 1.28% were nomads. The mean age of the patients was 41.87. The highest and lowest incidence rates were observed in Khoram Abad (19.38 per 100000) and Azna (7.04 per 100000), respectively. Using Poisson regression, it was observed that the effects of age structure and residency on the incidence rate were significant.
Conclusion: The percentage of nomads was identified as the most important demographic factor in the incidence rate of TB in Lorestan. Allocation of better resources and appropriate training can be effective in controlling and preventing the disease.
M Banayejeddi, S Navadeh, A Fotouhi, K Yazdani,
Volume 10, Issue 3 (Vol 10, No.3 2014)
Abstract
Sensitive questions about people’s behaviors are often discussed in studies in the fields of human, social, and medical sciences. Obtaining valid answers to these kinds of questions is one of the main challenges in the mentioned studies. The most important risk factors for the validity of these studies are response bias and non-response bias, which occur because of concerns about divulging personal information. Therefore, researchers are to find solutions other than direct questioning to increase the validity of obtained results through reducing these biases.
In this review article, we discuss the Warner Model, the Unrelated Question Model, the Forced Response Model, the Moors Model, and the Mangat Model that are subsets of the Randomized Response Technique, and also the Triangular Model and Crosswise Model that are subsets of the Non-Randomized Response Technique. The models are all used in answering sensitive binomial questions.
K Yazdani, S Nejat, A Rahimi-Movaghar , L Ghalichee, M Khalili,
Volume 10, Issue 4 (Vol 10, No 4 2015)
Abstract
Background and Objectives : In the current age, due to the increasing growth of knowledge and competition therein, evaluation of scientific products by means of scientometric methods has become a very important and necessary subject. Scientometrics, in simple words, is the science of measuring the knowledge. Scientometric indices are divided into three categories: productivity metrics that measure the productivity of the researchers or research groups, impact metrics that assess the quality (or performance) of journals, researchers, or research groups, and hybrid metrics that are used to summarize both productivity and effect metrics in one index. Scientometric studies help policy makers and managers of universities and heads of research centers in allocating budget, creating a balance between the budget and costs, making appointments, and promoting the researchers and institutes, and results in better recognition of weaknesses and strengths of their affiliated groups by evaluation of priorities, perspectives, and capacities. Meanwhile, this new knowledge can help with systematic evaluation and ranking of universities and research centers. This paper provides a review on scientometric concepts and its applications and discussed scientometric indices.
Hr Gilasi, H Soori, Sh Yazdani, P Taheri Tenjani ,
Volume 11, Issue 2 (Vol 11, No 2 2015)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Managers need the results of scientific researches for executive planning. Considering some methodological errors in reported studies in Iran and the lack of specific and summarized references, this article aims to provide practical considerations in elderly studies.
Methods: In this narrative review, we conducted a comprehensive search in all accessible electronic data bases using “epidemiology” or “methodology” and “elderly” or their synonyms as keywords. Related papers and books were selected. After review, considerable notes were extracted and presented.
Results: Considering attrition, death, and non-response rates in sample size calculation, proportional sampling from all strata, and considering differences in clinical manifestations and diagnosis are important. Matching for main confounders, considering recall bias, creating a quiet and comfortable environment to conduct the interview, allocating a certain percentage of participants to high risks, registering age and other quantitative variables in detailed and non-categorized formats, home visit for interview after receiving informed consent from the elderly or their guardians, interview at the closest location to the elderly’s residence, avoiding long interviews, considering bold and legible words in designing the questionnaire, data re-checking with proxy and documents, applying age and sex adjustment for rates, evaluating the functional status, appropriate interpretation related to odds ratio and considering the cost of the studies are the most essential considerations in aging studies.
Conclusion: Using epidemiological methods with respect to the characteristics of the elderly enhances the quality of the collected data. Well designed studies provide policy makers with reliable evidence for planning.
H Rafiemanesh , A Rahimi Movaghar , S Nedjat, A Noroozi, K Yazdani,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (Vol.13, No.2, Summer 2017)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: People with high risk alcohol use disorders are influenced by behaviors that have devastating consequences for them and those around them. The main objective for alcohol screening is to identify people with alcohol use disorders, or people who are at high risk for progression to these disorders. Several screening tools have been designed for this purpose. The aim of this study was to introduce and review important screening tools for identification of alcohol use disorders and problems in the world.
Methods: In this narrative review study, we searched the Web of Science (ISI), PubMed, and Scopus databases using Alcohol, Tools or Instruments, Test, Problem, Use and Use disorder as keywords for finding screening tools for identification of alcohol use problems and disorders. Finally, 10 instruments were introduced.
Results: The most common screening tools for identification of alcohol use disorders and problems were Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT), CAGE, Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST), as well as T-ACE and TWEAK that are specifically used for evaluation of alcohol consumption in pregnant women. The short forms of the AUDIT, RAPS, POSIT, and CRAFFT are other tests for alcohol consumption.
Conclusion: Several screening tools have been designed for identification of alcohol use disorders and problems; therefore, n appropriate screening test should be selected and implemented with regards to the purpose of screening, research questions, and study population.
M Faghir Gangi, Ali Mirzazadeh, H Rastad, S Nedjat, A Rahimi-Movaghar, K Yazdani,
Volume 17, Issue 3 (Vol 17,No.3, Atumn 2021 2021)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: This qualitative study was conducted to identify reasons for not using condoms by people who inject drugs (PWID) in Iran.
Materials and Methods: Purposeful sampling was applied to recruit four groups [male PWID (n = 14), female PWID (n=6), service providers (n=8), and HIV/Addiction experts (n = 9)] into a qualitative study. Data were collected through focus group discussions (FGDs) or individual in-depth interviews. Data were analyzed using conventional content analysis.
Results: The mean age was 44.0 years for male and 38.2 for female PWID. Qualitative analysis showed 16 themes for not using a condom, which were grouped in three main categories, including knowledge (3 themes), accessibility (4 themes), and individual barriers to use condoms (9 themes). Poor knowledge included low perceived level of risk, insufficient training, and misconceptions. Lack of access to condoms resulted from the country's new policy for population growth control and decrease in the number of pharmacies and harm reduction centers and prisons where condoms were previously distributed free of charge. Common reported individual barriers to condom use were poverty, homelessness, depression, low self-care, and low self-esteem, less pleasure, having sex under the influence of drugs, and stigma.
Conclusion: Both structural and individual factors may play a role as barriers to condom use among PWID.
