Showing 5 results for Zafari
A Amirkhani, M Hakimnejad, Na Mozafari, M Asmar,
Volume 2, Issue 1 (23 2006)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Typhoid fever has been endemic in Iran throughout its history. This Study was conducted in response to the rising number of cases reported from Rasht (capital of Gilan province in northern Iran).
Methods: we performed a descriptive study on 2031 suspected cases referred to city's diagnostic laboratories in 2002 and 2003. A "definite" diagnosis was defined as Vidal test titers rising 80-fold or more over a period of one week, or a positive bacteriologic test. We completed questionnaires for the definite cases, and used the EPI-INFO computer package to analyze the data.
Results: The serologic prevalence was 3.94%, and 25% of the seropositive individuals had positive bacterial cultures. The geometric mean of the reciprocal titers (GMRT) was 1: 180. The prevalence was the same in both sexes and among all age groups. Factors showing a statistically significant relationship with prevalence include occupation (the greatest frequency was seen in housewives), education level, place of residence, and source of drinking water.
Conclusions: We conclude that high prevalence rates coupled with the ecological conditions in this area could favor the occurrence of salmonellosis outbreaks: the issue requires more extensive research for further clarification.
S Akbarpour, Y Jahangiri-Noudeh, M Lotfaliany , N Zafari, D Khalili, M Tohidi, Ma Mansournia, F Azizi, F Hadaegh,
Volume 11, Issue 2 (Vol 11, No 2 2015)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Considering the importance of CVD risk factors in diabetic and non-diabetic populations and the high prevalence of diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors, we studied the trend of anthropometric indexes, blood pressure, smoking and lipids in diabetic and non-diabetic populations.
Methods: The data of Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study was used in this investigation. The study population comprised 1045 diabetic and 5136 non-diabetic subjects. To investigate the secular longitudinal trends, the Generalized Estimation Equation method was employed. All statistical models were adjusted for age to eliminate the potential confounding effect of age. The interaction between the diabetes status and each phase of the study was checked in a separate model in GEE.
Results: Over a decade, the serum levels of TC, TGs, LDL-C and non HDL-C decreased although about 60% of the diabetic population did not reach the therapeutic goals of non-HDL-C and LDL-C levels until 2011. Control of hypertension was more successful in females, but about 60% of both males and females with diabetes were still hypertensive at the end of follow-up period. Smoking increased during the follow-up.
Conclusion: This study showed that among CVD risk factors, healthcare professionals paid more attention to hypercholesterolemia neglecting other risk factors including hypertension and central obesity.
M Saatchi, Mh Panahi, A Ashraf Mozafari, M Sahebkar, A Azarpakan, V Baigi, K Holakouie Naieni ,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (Vol.13, No.2, Summer 2017)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The awareness of the health knowledge level of a population and the weaknesses in people's health literacy is essential for educational planning. This community assessment study, which was conducted to develop an appropriate infrastructure for educational planning, examined the level of health literacy in Hormuz Island’s residents.
Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was done on a sample of people over 18 years in Hormuz Island. Data were collected by two questionnaires which included basic information such as age, sex, marital status, age at marriage, and also indirect questions regarding the economic status of the individuals. Also, the Short Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adult (S-TOFLHA) was used to measure the patient's ability to read and understand health-related concepts. The linear regression analysis was performed.
Results: The data provided by 486 individuals were analyzed in this study. The mean age was 39 years (18-79) and 48% were female. The mean household size was 4.5 people. The mean score of the subjects was 58.06. Thirty-five percent had less-than-sufficient health literacy, 18.21% had sufficient health literacy, 12.29% had insufficient, and 7.14% had higher health literacy. Education level (P<0.001), economic status (P<0.001), and age (P<0.001) were the main variables influencing health literacy in the sample.
Conclusion: Community assessment showed that older age groups did not have sufficient health literacy. Low economic status accompanied by low levels of literacy makes individuals less motivated to improve their health knowledge and, consequently, leads to low levels of health literacy in Hormuz.
H Hatami, H Namdaritabar, M Lotfaliany, S Akbarpour, N Zafari,
Volume 14, Issue 3 (Vol.14, No.3, 2018)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infections could affect the prognosis of disease in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS. We aimed to determine HBV/HCV co-infection in HIV-positive individuals; and to compare the characteristics of different subgroups of HIV/HBV/HCV.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 908 of 2134 newly-registered HIV-positive individuals in the Iranian Ministry of Health in 2016 were recruited. Participants were divided into four subgroups (HBV-/HCV-, HBV+/HCV-, HBV-/HCV+, and HBV+/HCV+). Demographic data and HIV transmission routes were compared between subgroups.
Results: Among908 participants, 505 (60.6%) were HBV-/HCV-, 20 (2.2%) were HBV+/HCV-, 318 (35%) were HBV-/HCV+, and 20 (2.2%) were HBV+/HCV+. Mean age of participants was 36.9 years; 67% were male and 47% were married. The commonest high-risk behaviors were unsafe sex (43.5%) and IV drug-abuse (34.4%). There was no statistically significant difference between the mean ages of subgroups. All HBV+/HCV+ ,92% of HBV-/HCV+, 50% of HBV+/HCV- and 52% of HBV-/HCV- were men and the difference between groups was statistically significant (p-value: <0.001). Seventy four percent of HBV-/HCV+ and 80% of HBV+/HCV+ reported IV drug-abuse. Thirty percent of HBV-/HCV- and 40% of HBV+/HCV- were spouse of HIV-positive or high-risk individuals.
Conclusion: More than 30% of newly registered HIV-positive individuals in the Iranian Ministry of Health in 2016 were co-infected with either HBV or HCV. Frequency of men, marital status and high-risk behaviors were different in various subgroups.
M Karami, A Doosty Irani, Sj Battaei, L Rafati, M Javaheri, M Kheir Andish , M Farhadi, M Hashemi, K Mozafari, A Akhlagh, M Shojaeian, Ar Maleki, R Rostam Abadi , Sh Torkshavand, M Khodabakhshi,
Volume 16, Issue 3 (Vol.16, No.3 2020)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Water and foodborne diseases are major causes of mortality worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors affecting an gastroenteritis outbreak in Hamadan county in summer of 2019.
Methods: This study was performed based on the outbreak investigation process. After producing hypotheses based on preliminary field studies, a case-control study was conducted on 45 cases and 45 controls to investigate the factors associated with the outbreak. New cases of the disease were included according to the case definition. A logistic regression model was used to investigate potential risk factors.
Results: A total of 171 people were affected in this outbreak from 25 June 2019 to 01 July 2019. The at-risk population in this outbreak was 3410 individuals. The attack rate was 5.1%. Abdominal pain, vomiting, and nausea were the most common symptoms with a prevalence of 77.8%, 73.3% and 68.9%, respectively. The results of the case-control study showed that the consumption of tap and spring/well water increased the odds of disease by 4.63 and 4.13 times compared to boiled water, although these relationships were not statistically significant. The odds of diseases were significantly lower in people aged 30-45 years and 46-85 years compared people aged 15 years old and younger.
Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the outbreak was related to contaminated water consumption. Therefore, regular monitoring of drinking water status is very important for the local health system.
