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Showing 4 results for Zand
The Epidemiology of Hospitalized Head Injury in Arak
Hr Ebrahimi Fakhar, S Zand,
Volume 6, Issue 4 (16 2011)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Head injuries are the most sever kind of injuries in accidents. It is an important factor of disability in society. Having information about present situation and its determinant factors is the first step of programming for head injury reduction. This survey aimed to have an epidemiological aspect of head injury in Arak.
Methods: Relevant informations about severity of the impact, causes, demographic information and treatment results were extracted from medical files between 2005-2006 years.
Results: Of total 1105 patients with head injury 25.8% were in their first decade of life and 11.8% were reported as sever head injury. The most common injuries (18.4%) caused by downfall from low height. Men had more head injured 64.7% compared with women. In the period of hospitalization 12.8% of moderate head injuries and 43.1of sever head injury caused to death.
Conclusions: It is concluded that applying and administration of the safety rules in the society as a compulsory rules and educating by mass media, are necessary. It should also be taken into account more effective hospital care for sever head injuries to reach better outcomes.
Occupational Violence in Nursing Students in Arak, Iran
Hr Koohestani, N Baghcheghi, K Rezaei, A Abedi, A Seraji, S Zand,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (19 2011)
Abstract
مقدمه و اهداف: در اغلب موارد دانشجویان پرستاری در بالین مورد خشونت فیزیکی و کلامی قرار می‌گیرند. اگر چه در مطالعات قبلی خشونت علیه پرستاران مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است ولی با این حال توجه بسیار کمی به بررسی خشونت نسبت به دانشجویان پرستاری شده است. هدف از این مطالعه تعیین شیوع و ابعاد خشونت محل کار نسبت به دانشجویان پرستاری در محیط بالینی است.
روش کار: در این مطالعه توصیفی، 271 دانشجوی پرستاری با روش سرشماری شرکت کردند. اطلاعات با استفاده از پرسشنامه‌ای که با روش اعتبار محتوا و آزمون و آزمون مجدد مورد پایایی و روایی قرار گرفت، جمع‌آوری گردید.
نتایج: به طور کلی به ترتیب 9/74 % و 38/7% از دانشجویان سابقه خشونت کلامی، فیزیکی را در طی سال گذشته داشتند. اکثر خشونت‌های فیزیکی توسط بیماران صورت گرفته بود در حالی که بیشتر خشونت کلامی توسط همراهان بیمار صورت گرفته بود. به ترتیب بیشترین پاسخ به خشونت کلامی و فیزیکی این واکنش بود که "متقابلاً داد و بیداد کردم" و "به مربی یا مافوق خود گزارش دادم". از دیدگاه دانشجویان پرستاری شایع‌ترین عامل مساعدکننده خشونت محل کار، کمبود آگاهی مردم در خصوص وظایف دانشجو در بیمارستان‌ها بود. بین جنس و ترم تحصیلی دانشجویان با خشونت رابطه معنی داری یافت نشد.
نتیجه‌گیری: دانشجویان پرستاری اغلب در محیط کارآموزی مورد خشونت قرار می‌گیرند. باید راه‌های پیشگیری از خشونت و همچنین نحوه واکنش به خشونت به دانشجویان پرستاری آموزش داده شود و این مباحث در سرفصل درسی دانشجویان پرستاران گنجانده شود.
Epidemiological Survey of Salmonella in Rural Cats: A Survey of Serotype, Presence of spv R and spv B Genes, and Antibiotic Resistance Pattern
S Namroodi , H Staji, E Mazandarani,
Volume 12, Issue 3 (Vol 12, No 3 2016)
Abstract

Background and Objectives: Salmonella spp. are one of the most important zoonotic agents with a worldwide distribution. Asymptomatic cats which may excrete Salmonella. spp for weeks can play important role in environmental contamination. The aim of this study was to access the role of rural cats in dissemination of Salmonella. spp.

Methods: Salmonella excretion was evaluated in 170 samples (rectal swabs) of apparently healthy rural cats from Golestan and Mazandaran provinces using PCR and conventional microbial culture tests. After serotyping, the presence of spv R and spv B genes and the antibiotic resistance pattern of isolated Salmoella spp. were surveyed.

Results: Out of 170 samples, 25 (14.7%) cases with Salmonella spp., including: 13 (52%) cases of S enteritidis, 7(28%) cases of S Dublin, and 5 (20%) cases of S typhymurium were recovered.

The presence of spv R and spv B genes was detected in 5 out of 25 isolated Salmonella spp. The highest resistance of isolated Salmonella spp. was to Streptomycin, Lincospectin, and Tetracycline. The rate of Salmonella isolation was similar in male and female rural cats and also Golestan and Mazandaran provinces.

Conclusion: Detection of zoonotic serotypes of Salmonella spp with spv R and spv B genes and multidrug antibiotic resistance in apparently healthy rural cats make them a potential significant threat to public health. Similar studies on different populations of cats must be taken in consideration when prevention, control or eradication programs of salmonellosis are going to be carried out.


Determining the Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Traffic Accidents Using GIS-Based Data in Tabriz
Iman Dianat, Mohammad Sadegh Masoumi, Homayoun Sadeghi Bazargani, Gholam Hossein Safari, Sepideh Harzand-Jadidi,
Volume 20, Issue 4 (Vol.20, No.4, Winter 2025)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: One of the most important steps in reducing traffic accidents is the accurate recording of the spatial information of these incidents using Geographic Information Systems (GIS).The present study was conducted with the aim of geographically analyzing high-risk areas for traffic accidents in Tabriz and determining the spatial distribution pattern of traffic incidents based on accident outcomes.
Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, data on property damage, injury, and fatal traffic accidents in Tabriz during 2017 were collected from various sources, and accident locations were identified using geographic addresses and coordinates. To analyze the geographical distribution of high-risk accident zones, spatial analysis methods including Moran’s Index, Kernel Density Estimation, Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR), and correlation analysis were employed.
Results: In this study, the cumulative pattern of accidents in Tabriz was confirmed, such that district 8, northeast of District 3, central and southern regions of District 1, and the entrance to District 5 of Tabriz city had dense accident distribution patterns. The religious, commercial, and service land-use layers had the highest correlation with accident density. High-traffic axes had fewer accidents; the highest was related to areas with low traffic volume. Autumn and winter have the most damage accidents, and the highest number of accidents leading to death was assigned to the spring season.
Conclusion: Given the concentration of traffic accidents in high-risk areas of Tabriz—particularly in District 8 and the eastern entrances—it is recommended that traffic infrastructure be improved, traffic regulations be strengthened, and monitoring be enhanced through intelligent systems to reduce accidents. Additionally, conducting public awareness campaigns can also be effective in decreasing traffic incidents.

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