Showing 40 results for Lak
S Asgharzadeh, K Holakouie Naieni, A Ardalan, E Ahmadnezhad , S Zaeri,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (20 2012)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Earthquakes cause thousands of deaths and injuries worldwide every year.
Islamic Republic of Iran has a deadly history of earthquakes. The aim of this
study is to describe injuries rate, causes of injuries, structural
characteristics of buildings and occupant actions immediately after earthquake
in Damghan in 2010.
Methods: This case-study was conducted one week after occurring the
earthquake in five villages of Damghan city in Iran. We used the Physical
Injuries Assessment Questionnaire which was particularly designed for injuries
after earthquakes. Also for acquiring information about region and amount of
losses, some interviews was conduct with local authorities.
Results: Four death and fifty six injuries occurred in five villages of
Damghan city. There were three types of injuries including superficial injuries
(50%), contusions (35%) and fractures (10%). The findings of this study indicating building
structural failure (87.4%), nonstructural factors (7.1%) and trapping (5.3%) seems
the most possible cause of injuries in this region.
Conclusion: This study showed that the building structural failure is the main cause of
injuries (87.4%). Increasing structural
resistance of building especially in village regions and education about
earthquake preparedness should encourage in order decreasing the total number
of people affected by earthquake.
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Mr Farokhi Noori, K Holakouie Naieni, Aa Haghdoost, A Emami,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (20 2012)
Abstract
Background
& Objectives: The economic costs of cancer care are a burden to people
diagnosed with cancer, their families, and society as a whole. Despite several
studies about cancer in Iran, there is paucity of cost analysis in this area.
The aim of this study was to estimate the cost of cancer subgroups in Kerman,
Iran.
Methods: A retrospective analysis
of administrative 223 diagnosed patients with different cancers was undertaken.
Results: Monthly average cost of
cancer was 3.32 thousand US dollars (average exchange rate in 2010: 10308
Iranian rials= 1 US dollar). Breast cancer, with an average 4.30 thousand US
dollars per month was the most expensive and cancer of male reproductive organs
with average2.16 thousand US dollars were the cheapest cancer.
The
hidden monthly cost of all types of cancer was 2 thousand US dollars, breast
cancer, lung, blood and female reproductive organs were costly and brain and
peripheral nerves cancer, gastrointestinal tract and prostate were medium and
male reproductive organs cancer was less costly.
Conclusion: Economically impact and burden of cancer should be an
important consideration in the health policy making in Iranian health service
system.
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M Naderi Beni , R Lak, Sa Jazaeri, H Eftekhar Ardebili ,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (Vol 9, No 2, Summer 2013 2013)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Malnutrition among children under five year is a significant public health index. The aim of study was to estimate the prevalence of malnutrition in under 5 years old children in Chadegan
(area district city) parish of in Isfahan, Iran.
Methods: This was a community-based cross-sectional study. It was carried out on all randomly selected households with children age under five years old in rural and urban area of Chadegan in 2010 year. Demographic information was collected via household and a standardized questionnaire was administered to mothers or guardians and trained personnel measured weight and height or length.
Results: The results revealed that prevalence of malnutrition’s based on wasting, underweighting and stunting and obesity were 17.8%, 34.5%, 37% and 2.2% respectively. The main contributing factors for wasting were found to be child’s age, habitat, onset of complementary food, history of disease, hospitalization (P<0.05). Gender, father's job, mother’s education, ethnic, habitat, history of disease were found to be correlated with stunting as well. (P< 0.05).
Conclusion: Development programs should focus on the disadvantaged rural and urban arears of people to improve their nutritional status. Intervention strategies and programs should be developed to target the preventable risk factors.
S Zaeri, S Asgharzadeh, M Zaeri, K Holakouie Naeini , A Rahimi Foroushani ,
Volume 9, Issue 4 (3-2014)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: The world population is growing old. The rising proportion of the elderly is creating new health care challenges in the current century. This study aimed to determine the quality of life and the associated factors in the elderly population of Azerbaijan district in the city of Tehran, Iran.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 287 elderly persons aged 60 and older. Participants were selected through systemic random sampling. The WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire, the Activities of Daily Living (ADL) questionnaire, and a questionnaire for demographic characteristics were used for data collection. Each domain was given a score between 0 to100 based on the WHO manual. The final variables were determined in a multivariate linear regression model using SPSS16.
Results: The mean score of the 4 domains of quality of life (physical, psychological, environmental, and social health) of the elderly population living in Azerbaijan district was 58.41, 53.13, 59.53, and 42.82, respectively.
Conclusion: A variety of correlates affect the quality of life of the elderly. Recognizing and considering these factors are important for planning more effective programs for the elderly and empowering them.
K Holakouie Naieni , S Hashemi Nazari , M Mahmoodi, M Shekari, A Madani,
Volume 9, Issue 4 (3-2014)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: One of the major questions in epidemiological and social science researches is studying the relationship of the living place with social and health outcomes. In this study, we measured segregation indices for a number of important socioeconomic indices using the 2006 Iranian census data to find out whether residential segregation is correlated with the available differences in the health level in the subgroups of certain variables.
Methods: Twenty percent of the 2006 national census data was used for measuring segregation indices. Residential segregation indices were measured once for Hormozgan Province among its eleven cities and then for each city among theirs sections. Six segregation indices were measured. We used the common cut points for interpreting the values of dissimilarity index and information theory index.
Results: According to the dissimilarity and information theory index, the segregation of most of the variables in the province fell within the category of mild segregation. Segregation of the variables in some cities fell within the category of moderate, severe, and even extreme. Conclusion: The results indicated improper distribution of some of these variables in geographic units in some of the cities of Hormozgan Province. This information can help the authorities who are committed to implementing the health equity and social justice.
M Kandi Kele , M Kadivar, H Zeraati, E Ahmadnezhad, K Holakoui Naini,
Volume 10, Issue 1 (Vol 10, No 1 2014)
Abstract
Background & Objectives : The length of stay (LOS) is a useful indicator that can be used according to the objective to improve hospital care performance. The purpose of our study was to find factors affecting infants LOS in NICU at Children's Medical Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, using the Cox multiple hazards regression model.
Methods : This historical cohort study reviewed 369 medical records of all NICU admitted newborns at Children's Medical Center in 2009. The required data were collected through a data collection form. The Cox multiple hazards regression model was used to determine the factors affecting LOS in infants who were discharged on the physician‘s order.
Results: The median of stay in NICU was 9 days. Of 369 infants, 272 were discharged with improvement. The results of multiple Cox proportional hazards regression model showed the following factors were associated with LOS in the NICU: prematurity, referral from other hospitals, gastrointestinal diseases and infections, central venous catheterization, mechanical ventilation, and antibiotic therapy (P < 0.05).
Conclusion : Cox proportional hazards regression model should be used when the dependent variable is time and we have censored data. Improving prenatal health care, constructing NICU in hospitals with high risk labor, reduction of preterm birth risk factors, and improving primary health-care services can help us to reduce LOS in NICU.
Y Mokhayeri , Aa Haghdoost, M Mahmoudi, M Asadi-Lari, Ss Hashemi Nazari , S Taravat Manesh , N Rajaie, Z Khorrami, K Holakouie-Naieni ,
Volume 11, Issue 2 (Vol 11, No 2 2015)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Measuring the impact of various diseases on Life Expectancy( LE) is an important step toward prioritization in health. The present study was conducted to measure the impact of heart diseases, neoplasm, and respiratory diseases on life expectancy (LE) in 2010.
Methods: Data on death and population for all 22 districts of Tehran were obtained from the main cemetery of Tehran and statistical center of Iran, respectively. Age-specific mortality rates and consequently LE were calculated for all 22 districts and both genders. Finally, the death probability assuming complete elimination of the diseases was calculated and the resulting life tables were obtained.
Results: The LE at birth was estimated 74.6 and 78.4 years for total males and females in Tehran, respectively. The maximum and minimum LE at birth was 80 years in females and 72.7 years in males, respectively. Assuming complete elimination of heart diseases, the LE increased to 82.39 and 85.51 years in males and females, respectively while complete elimination of neoplasm resulted in an increase in LE to 76.27 years in men and 80.49 years in women. Finally, elimination of respiratory diseases increased the LE of men to 75.98 years and the LE of women to 79.97 years.
Conclusion: The results indicated the high impact of the diseases on LE, especially the heart diseases. As a main result, LE will upgrade to more focus on this category.
K Holakouie -Naieni K, M Ahmadi Pishkuhi, T Shafieezadeh, H Salehiniya, B Pooya,
Volume 11, Issue 2 (Vol 11, No 2 2015)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Community assessment is a key tool for improving and promoting the health of the community. The role of community assessment is to identify the most important factors affecting the population health. To get a comprehensive picture of problems, priorities and suggested community health action plans in Iran, this review aims to summarize community assessments in various areas of Iran conducted between 1992 – 2013.
Methods: This study was a retrospective review in which community assessments were compared and the results of several studies conducted in different regions of the country covering both rural and urban health centers were analyzed. Since 1999, department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics has conducted these community assessments in eight phases and follows 2002 North Carolina Community Health Assessment model. Assessment teams typically included MPH students and/ or PhD and masters (epidemiology) students from the School of Public Health. Data was collected through observation, interview, and focus group discussion. Assessment teams in each region prioritized the list of problems using Hanlon method and Nominal Group Technique.
Results: The results identified substance abuse, economical, and water-related problems as the most important problems in different parts of the country which indicates the need for developing a comprehensive action plan andimplementing measures.
Conclusion: A review of the community assessments performed in this study shows the ability of community assessment to detect community health problems in all aspects. Therefore, this approach is recommended to evaluate and prioritize health problems and to formulate action plans.
Gh Moradi, M Sehat, Aa Haghdoost, M Karami, R Chaman, Z Khazaei, E Goudarzi, M Asadi Lari, E Mostafavi, K Holakouie Naieni ,
Volume 12, Issue 0 (Special Issue Vol.12 2017)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Epidemiology is a tool and a field of science which provides evidences necessary to make decisions. It is known as one of the basic sciences of public health. This study aimed to identify strategies for the promotion of epidemiology by Iranian Epidemiological Association so that people graduated in this field would become able to play an effective and positive role in different parts of the country.
Methods: This study was conducted in 2015. The views and opinions of the members of Iranian Epidemiological Association were collected by email. The views of the members were classified using qualitative methods.
Results: The results of this study helped to identify some of the strategies for the promotion of the position of epidemiology in Iran’s health system by the members of Iranian Epidemiological Association.
Conclusion: Iranian Epidemiological Association can play a more effective role in the promotion of epidemiology in the health system. Effective communication with the members, holding group meetings, advocacy and negotiation, reporting the activities of the Association continuously, identifying national problems and seeking solutions are some of the strategies that can help to enhance the role of the Association and promote the position of epidemiologists in Iran.
H Mirzaei, Mh Panahi, K Etemad, A Ghanbari-Motlagh , K Holakouie-Naini ,
Volume 12, Issue 3 (Vol 12, No 3 2016)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in men and the second most common cancer in women in the world. The colorectal cancer screening program was conducted in Iran as a pilot in the late 2010 with the aim of reducing the burden of colorectal cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the colorectal cancer screening program in Iran.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on data from the pilot colorectal cancer screening programs. First, the indicators of the colorectal cancer screening program were determined through a comprehensive review of scientific databases, interviews with experts and implementation of pilot evaluation. Then, the indicators were calculated through descriptive analysis using SPSS version 18.
Results: The indicators and their values were as follows: coverage rate 33.04%, participation rate 53.3%, percentage of consulted people 99.6%, percentage of blood samples 37%, percentage of colonoscopy 54.8%, cancer detection rate 2.7%, and polyp detection rate 18.1%. Among people who gave blood samples 1.6% had familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) syndrome, 43.06% had hereditary no polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) syndrome, and 29% were sporadic cases.
Conclusion: The screening program in Iran has differences with other countries which have affected the indicators.
K Holakouie Naieni , Ma Mansournia, Mh Panahi, A Elduma, Sh Nematollahi ,
Volume 12, Issue 3 (Vol 12, No 3 2016)
Abstract
Case-Cohort and nested case-control designs are the most well-known and cost-effective derivatives of prospective studies. Due to the popularity of these designs in recent years, the aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date description of them with respect to methodological issues such as sampling scheme, effect measure estimation, and analysis strategies. Overall, random sampling of controls in case-cohort and matching for time in nested design are considered their hallmarks. Eventually, decision on a better design depends on study objectives, sub-cohort selection, case and control determination, and method of data collection. It should be kept in mind that any particular study requires unique elaboration and delicate examination to choose from the designs.
Gh Moradi, M Sehat, Aa Haghdoost, M Karami, R Chaman, Z Khazaei, E Goudarzi, M Asadi Lari, E Mostafavi, K Holakouie Naieni,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (Vol.13, No.2, Summer 2017)
Abstract
Background and objective: Epidemiology is a tool and a field of Medical sciences which provides evidences necessary to make scientific decisions. This study aimed to identify strategies for the promotion of the epidemiology by Iranian Epidemiological Association (IrEA) so that people graduated in this field would become able to play an effective and positive role in different parts of the country.
Methods: This study was conducted in 2015. The views and opinions of the members of IrEA were collected by email. The views of the members were classified using qualitative methods.
Results: The results of this study helped to identify some of the strategies for the promotion of the position of epidemiology in Iran health system by the members of IrEA.
Conclusion: IrEA can play a more effective role in the promotion of this field of study in the health system. Effective communication with the members, holding group meetings, advocacy and negotiation, reporting the activities of the association continuously, identifying national problems and seeking solutions are some of the strategies that can help to enhance the role of the community and promote the position of epidemiologists in Iran.
M Saatchi, Mh Panahi, A Ashraf Mozafari, M Sahebkar, A Azarpakan, V Baigi, K Holakouie Naieni ,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (Vol.13, No.2, Summer 2017)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The awareness of the health knowledge level of a population and the weaknesses in people's health literacy is essential for educational planning. This community assessment study, which was conducted to develop an appropriate infrastructure for educational planning, examined the level of health literacy in Hormuz Island’s residents.
Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was done on a sample of people over 18 years in Hormuz Island. Data were collected by two questionnaires which included basic information such as age, sex, marital status, age at marriage, and also indirect questions regarding the economic status of the individuals. Also, the Short Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adult (S-TOFLHA) was used to measure the patient's ability to read and understand health-related concepts. The linear regression analysis was performed.
Results: The data provided by 486 individuals were analyzed in this study. The mean age was 39 years (18-79) and 48% were female. The mean household size was 4.5 people. The mean score of the subjects was 58.06. Thirty-five percent had less-than-sufficient health literacy, 18.21% had sufficient health literacy, 12.29% had insufficient, and 7.14% had higher health literacy. Education level (P<0.001), economic status (P<0.001), and age (P<0.001) were the main variables influencing health literacy in the sample.
Conclusion: Community assessment showed that older age groups did not have sufficient health literacy. Low economic status accompanied by low levels of literacy makes individuals less motivated to improve their health knowledge and, consequently, leads to low levels of health literacy in Hormuz.
S Holakouie Naieni , Sh Holakouie Naieni , K Holakouie Naieni ,
Volume 13, Issue 4 (VOl 13, No.4, Winter 2018)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Food-borne diseases are serious problems in public health. Since the outbreaks can be prevented, we need to take action in the prevention of such infection. On 28 June, 2014 cases of gastroenteritis occurred in students living in dormitories of a medical university; therefore, this study aimed to investigate the outbreak of gastroenteritis to determine its risk factors.
Methods: This case - control study was performed to evaluate students. A total of 70 patients with gastroenteritis in the outbreak of 16 June 2014 were selected. A total of 70 students without any gastrointestinal complaints in the weeks before the outbreak were also selected as the control group using convenient sampling.
Results: The results of this study provided 4 main themes (challenges of access to the data of the surveillance system, challenges of access to the data of national surveys and ordered projects, challenges of access to the data of electronic health records, and challenges of access to confidential data) and 15 sub-themes.
Conclusion: According to the results, having lunch prepared by the university on 16 June was the likely cause of the outbreak on 17 June in student living in dormitories. Hygiene in cooking and food storage, especially in public places such as schools and universities are important in the prevention of food-borne outbreaks.
N Mohammadsalehi, K Holakouie Naieni , B Eshrati, A Mohammadbeigi, E Ahmadnezhad, Sh Arsangjang,
Volume 14, Issue 1 (Vol 14, No 1, 2018)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Cholera is one of the public health ththat has received attention due to climate change and weather variables. In the current study, the trend of cholera and its epidemics was assessed in the last 50 years in Iran based on climatic variables.
Methods: In a retrospective cohort study, all cholera cases and epidemics of the disease in the country (Iran) were assessed using the registry system of the Center for Communicable Disease Control in the Ministry of Health and Medical education (MOH&ME) from 1964 to 2014. Furthermore, the incidence of cholera was evaluated in 2005-2014 by province. The temperature and rainfall data were obtained from the provincial Meteorological Organization. The correlation coefficient test and mixed-effects binomial regression model were used for data analysis.
Results: A significant positive correlation was found between cholera and rainfall (r = 0.168, P = 0.008). A one-millimeter increase in rainfall increased the incidence of cholera by 10.9% but temperature changes had no effect on cholera outbreaks. The incidence of cholera declined significantly by 14.7% each year from 2005 to 2014. The highest incidence of cholera was reported in Sistan-Baluchestan, Qom, Tehran, Kerman and Hormozgan provinces in a descending order.
Conclusion: In recent years, the the overall incidence of cholera has decreased. The occurrence of cholera is an outcome of rainfall in the previous year. Therefore, increased rainfall increases the number of cholera cases in the next year. However, temperature changes are not related to cholera outbreaks.
Z Torabi, Sh Nematollahi, E Ahmadnezhad, K Holakoie Naieni ,
Volume 14, Issue 2 (Vol.14, No.2, 2018)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Epidemics of diarrhea caused by contaminated food and water occur frequently worldwide, especially in developing countries. The aim of this study was to identify the factors contributing to the development and spread of diarrhea epidemics caused by Shigella flexneri in Isfahan in the spring of 2015.
Methods: Following the first reports and activation of the surveillance system, a matched case-control study was conducted in 360 cases with diarrhea and 360 controls. Data were gathered using a questionnaire, and conditional logistic regression was used to provide adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals.
Results: Consumption of contaminated fresh vegetable (OR=4.50, 95% CI=2.88-7.01) was the source of the epidemic. Contact with similar patients (OR=7.19, 95% CI=4.26-12.12), presence of similar patients in the family (OR=33.2, 95% CI=13.64-80.82), food consumption on special events (party, wedding ceremony, funeral, etc.) (OR=1.67, 95% CI=1.06-2.62), being a government employee (OR=3.08, 95% CI=1.64-5.78) and being illiterate (OR=2.91, 95% CI=1.10-7.67) were the risk factors of the spread of the epidemic.
Conclusion: In this study, consumption of fresh vegetable contaminated with Shigella flexneri was the source of the infection. According to the Epidemic Management Team, contamination occurred due to non-standard wastewater irrigation of agricultural lands. Therefore, it is important to consider the standards of agricultural production and compilation of a comprehensive program to improve the status of the wastewater purification system in the environmental sciences by the relevant organizations to prevent diarrhea epidemics.
O Garkaz, Hr Mehryar, Hr Khalkhali, Sh Salari Lak ,
Volume 16, Issue 2 (Vol 16, No.2 2020)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Traffic accidents are a leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide. This study was conducted to determine the days of disability and severity of injuries caused by traffic accidents in patients admitted to Imam Khomeini Hospital, Urmia in 2016.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 1705 traffic accident victims admitted to Imam Khomeini Hospital, Urmia in 2016. Data were collected using a checklist containing demographic information, accident, severity of injury, and days of disability along with a telephone follow-up after 3 months upon return to work or school. The ISS (Injury Severity Score) was categorized from 1 to 6 according to the experts’ opinions.
Results: The results showed that 1231 subjects (72.1%) were male and the mean and SD age of the participants was 33.63 (30.00) years. Moreover, 77 (0.04%) of the subjects died and 593 (42.5%) resumed a normal life after two months. The mean time to resuming a normal life was 86.78 (24.104) days. Most of the subjects had mild limb injury, while the majority of the deaths had life-threatening injuries.
Conclusion: In this study, most of the victims were male, married, young, and concerned about financial compensation. The majority of the deceased had life-threatening injuries requiring vital measures to return to work quickly.
M Ostadghaderi, Aa Hanafi Bojd , Sh Nematollahi, K Holakoui-Naeini ,
Volume 17, Issue 1 (Vol 17,No.1, Spring 2021 2021)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The incidence of colorectal cancer has increased significantly in Iran in recent decades. The pattern of occurrence varies in different populations. A study was conducted to perform a spatial analysis of colorectal cancer and some of its risk factors in Iran using GIS.
Methods: The data of this descriptive-analytic study included colorectal cancer incidence as a dependent variable and physical activity, Body Mass Index and smoking as independent variables recorded by the Cancer Department, Center for Non-Communicable Diseases Management, the Ministry of Health and Medical Education and the care system for non-communicable disease risk factors according to province and gender in 2009. Data was analyzed using the ArcGIS 10.3 software and spatial correlation analysis, hot spots analysis, and geographic weighted regression model.
Results: The spatial relationship between the disease and some of its risk factors was confirmed by the model of geographical weight regression, according to which the northern and central provinces had the highest risk of colorectal cancer compared to other regions of the country.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that spatial analysis could be useful in identifying disease patterns, prioritizing the factors affecting it, and controlling the disease through strategic planning and interventions.
K Holakoui-Naeini, Ma Mansournia, Sh Naderian, R Beiranvand, M Bidkhori, Kh Maajani, Sh Nematollahi,
Volume 17, Issue 2 (Vol 17,No.2, Summer 2021 2021)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Pre-natal mental health problems are major causes of disease burden, especially in lower socio-economic groups of population. The present study used data of a prospective cohort study to estimate the risk of mental health problems, including depression, anxiety, and stress, on birth weight.
Materials and Methods: This study used data of 398 pregnant women who were participants of the Bandar Abbas Pregnancy Cohort Study (BAPC) during 2017-2020. Data of depression, anxiety, and stress were collected using DASS-21items questionnaire in pregnancy. Low Birth Weight (LBW), as birthwieght below 2500 grams, was calculated according to infant`s vaccination log. Modified Poisson regression models with logarithm link function and significance level of 5% were applied to estimate the effect of depression, anxiety and stress on LBW.
Results: Compared to the subjects without mental health problems, the risk of LBW increased by 8.03 times in the severe depression (95% CIs: 5.55-11.62), by 8.06 times in the moderate stress (95% CIs: 5.64-11.51), by 3.13 times in the severe anxiety (95% CIs: 1.18-8.31), and by 8.43 in the highly severe anxiety (95% CIs: 5.80-12.25).
Conclusions: Severe and moderate levels of depression, anxiety, and stress all had statistically significant effects on LBW. Pre-natal screening services can help mitigate the burden of mental health by timely detection and referral. Moreover, designing and implementing consultation programs for pregnant women and their fsmilies, expecially their spouses, to provide emotional support and to improve marital relationship are amongst the suggestions.
Sa Hashemi, K Holakoui-Naeini, Ma Mansournia, R Akrami, M Nomali, T Valadbeigi, V Mennati, Ha Adineh, Mr Taghavi, M Ghafouri, S Poorbarat, A Hoseinzadeh, M Farahdel, Mr Armat, M Haresabadi,
Volume 17, Issue 3 (Vol 17,No.3, Atumn 2021 2021)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: COVID-19 is a new disease and little information is available on its risk factors. The aim of this study was to determine the mortality risk factors in patients with COVID-19 in the northeast of Iran.
Materials and Methods: A case-control study was conducted. Patients of both sexes with a confirmed diagnosis of Covid-19 infection who died during the study were studied as the case group and patients who were in good general health and ready for discharge were studied as the control group. Data analysis was performed with the STATA software version 14 using descriptive statistics and univariate and multiple logistic regression tests.
Results: Six hundred and eleven patients were studied (27% cases and 73% controls). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the odds of death were 2.8 times higher in patients over 80 years compared to patients aged 50-60 years. In addition, age under 40 years reduced the odds of mortality by 85% and living in rural areas increased odds of death by 2.2 times. Cough, general fatigue, pain, nausea and vomiting increased the odds of COVID19 survival.
Conclusion: The odds of mortality were higher in elder patients with COVID-19. In addition, living in rural areas increased the odds of mortality in patients. Cough and fatigue reduced mortality; however, it is needed to address other hidden factors for sound judgment.
