Showing 24 results for Safa
Malihe Safari, Salman Khazaei, , Mohammad Abbasi, Ghodratollah Roshanaei,
Volume 17, Issue 2 (Vol 17,No.2, Summer 2021 2021)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The incidence of rectal cancer is increasing in developing societies, especially in younger age groups. The aim of this study was to evaluate the factors affecting the survival of patients with rectal cancer in the presence of competing risks.
Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, the data of 121 patients with rectal cancer during 2001-2017 were studied. Death related to cancer progression was considered as the interest outcome and other causes of death were considered as competing risks. Cause-specific and sub-distribution hazard models were used to investigate the factors affecting patient survival in the presence of competing risk.
Results: The mean (SD) age of the patients was 53.4 (13.9) years and 68 patients (56.2%) were male. The results of log-rank test showed that sex, age, metastasis, type of first treatment, rate of penetration into intestinal wall, tumor location, number of lymphomas involved and tumor size had significant effects on the patient survival (P<0.05). Based on cause-specific and sub-distribution hazard models, tumor stage, lymph node metastasis, and tumor grade had significant effects on death hazard due to the cancer progression (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Due to the need to consider competing risks, the results of both competing risk methods showed that tumor grade, lymph node metastasis and stage increased the instantaneous hazard and hazard of cancer death. Therefore, to determine the specific risk factors for each cause of death in the survival analysis, competing risk methods should be used if there is more than one cause of death.
Zahra Jaafari, Zahra Abdolahinia, Hajar Ghasemi, Ali Esmaeilpour, Saeideh Mahmoodzadeh, Ali Bahaodini, Seyed Vahid Ahmadi Tabatabaei, Najmeh Safa, Hamid Reza Tohidinik, Ali Akbar Haghdoost, Ali Sharifi, Vahid Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Hamid Safari,
Volume 17, Issue 2 (Vol 17,No.2, Summer 2021 2021)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: low utility of health care services is one of the main determinants of not achieving desired health indicators in urban areas. This study aimed to investigate the barriers and facilitators of receiving health services from health centers in Kerman city, Iran.
Methods: This study was a qualitative study with a content analysis approach conducted in 2020. After selecting health centers with the experience of desirable or low utility services, purposive sampling continued until information saturation. A total of 78 staff members, recipients, and non-recipients of services citizens were interviewed semi-structured and face-to-face at health centers. All interviews were recorded and coded manually and then reviewed and analyzed using directional content analysis.
Results: The essential services for children and mothers, free services, and service providers' behavior were mentioned as facilitators of referral. Distance and physical factors, knowledge of different types of services, preference of private centers, time access, view of people on regular visits to centers, addresses and telephone numbers registered in the system, responsiveness to health needs, fear of disease disclosure, lack of human resources in the centers, and service providers' behavior, were among the barriers of visiting the centers.
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, an accurate understanding of the under-coverage people's views and perceptions can help national and local planners and policymakers design the necessary strategies to increase the use of health services in urban health centers.
Maryam Aghajarinezhad, Yahya Salimi, Shahab Rezaeian, Ghobad Moradi, Fatemeh Khosravi Shadmani, Roya Safari Faramani, Ebrahim Shakiba, Yahya Pasdar, Behrooz Hamzeh, Nayebali Rezvani, Mitra Darbandi, Farid Najafi,
Volume 18, Issue 2 (Vol.18, No.2, Summer 2022 2022)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Serological studies are based on the detection of antibodies. However, the produced antibodies decrease over time; therefore, such methods cannot provide a valid estimate of prevalence and incidence. The present study aimed to determine the serum prevalence and cumulative incidence in the Ravansar cohort population (Youth and RaNCD Cohort) in October 2020.
Methods: A random sample of 716 people aged > 18 years old were selected from the participants in the Ravansar cohort study in October 2020. Euroimmun anti-SARS COV-2 IgG ELISA kits (Lübeck, Germany) were used to measure antibody levels. Seroprevalence was estimated with considering of cut-off = 1, and cumulative incidence (modified and modified based on test specificity) was determined using modeling.
Results: In the present study, the serum prevalence of COVID-19 viral infection in the Ravansar cohort population from 22 October 2020 to 18 November 2020 was estimated to be %35.16 (95%CI: %31.64, %38.79). Modified Cumulative incidence and modified based on test characteristics from 20 February to 18 November 2020 were estimated to be %68.85 and %67.71, respectively.
Conclusion: Although very high cumulative incidence may be a sign of approaching herd immunity, adherence to health protocols is still recommended due to the potential role of asymptomatic cases in transmitting the disease to other members of the community; and the presence of new variants of the virus and reduced antibody levels should be considered.
Fariba Zomorrodi Zare, Fatemeh Khosravi Shadmani, Roya Safari Faramani, Fatemeh Torkamanasadi, Yazdan Rezaei, Farid Najafi,
Volume 20, Issue 1 (Vol.20, No.1, Spring 2024)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: During the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccination was crucial in preventing the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and saving numerous lives. Countries implementing COVID-19 vaccination programs have reported significant reductions in cases, ICU admissions, and COVID-19-related deaths. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of vaccines used in Hamadan province, explicitly focusing on their impact on hospitalization and death caused by COVID-19.
Methods: A test-negative case-control design (TND) was conducted involving patients aged 12 and above who were admitted to hospitals in Hamadan province, Iran, and had symptoms of acute respiratory diseases. Data were extracted from hospital and health system databases. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate vaccine effectiveness for the first, second, and reminder doses in prevention of hospitalization, and severe outcomes (ICU admission or death).
Results: The study was conducted on 3,702 patients, and the maximum effectiveness of vaccines against hospitalization was 50% for patients who received a booster dose. The effectiveness of the first dose of vaccine on severe outcomes (admission to ICU or death) was estimated as 42%, but the effectiveness of the vaccines in the second and booster doses were not significant.
Conclusion: Despite the predominant use of inactivated virus vaccines and delayed initiation of vaccination in Iran, this study shows the effect of vaccination on reducing hospitalization and improving the outcomes of COVID-19. The use of more effective vaccines at a more appropriate time plays an important role in reducing the burden on health services and preventing further transmission in future epidemics.
