Showing 33 results for Rahimi
S Noori Hekmat, H Hashemi, Aa Haghdoost, M Haji Aghajani , Gh Janbabaee, A Maher, A Javadi, R Rahimisadegh, S Emadi, Mr Rajabalipour, R Dehnavieh, H Haghighi,
Volume 13, Issue 0 (Vol.13, (Special Issue) 2018)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The distribution of specialists is important in two ways: geographical and specialty. In this study, we provided a description of the distribution of specialists in Iran in 2016 and its estimates in 2026.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted in 2016 to estimate the number of specialists in 2026. Data were gathered through a census of specialists working in each of 439 cities in the country, including those in public and private sectors. Coefficient of variation and the number of specialists in 100000 populations were applied as distribution measures.
Results: In the year 2016, there were 46 specialists per 100,000 populations, and it is estimated that considering the full-time equivalent index of 1.2, 63 specialists per 100,000 populations will be required in the year 2026. The highest and lowest ratio of specialists per population in the year 2016 was reported in Tehran (89 per 100,000 populations) and Jiroft (10 per 100,000 populations), respectively. The gynecologist group and geriatric specialists group were the largest (4747 specialists) and smallest group (4 specialists), respectively.
Conclusion: There was a considerable disparity between different regions of the country in terms of access to specialists. Furthermore, the ratio of specialist per population in different specialty groups varied from one province to another. Upon implementation of the Iran Roadmap, according to 2026 estimates, this dispersion will be reduced to some extent; however, part of the dispersion related to the regionalisation pilicy.
H Rafiemanesh , A Rahimi Movaghar , S Nedjat, A Noroozi, K Yazdani,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (Vol.13, No.2, Summer 2017)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: People with high risk alcohol use disorders are influenced by behaviors that have devastating consequences for them and those around them. The main objective for alcohol screening is to identify people with alcohol use disorders, or people who are at high risk for progression to these disorders. Several screening tools have been designed for this purpose. The aim of this study was to introduce and review important screening tools for identification of alcohol use disorders and problems in the world.
Methods: In this narrative review study, we searched the Web of Science (ISI), PubMed, and Scopus databases using Alcohol, Tools or Instruments, Test, Problem, Use and Use disorder as keywords for finding screening tools for identification of alcohol use problems and disorders. Finally, 10 instruments were introduced.
Results: The most common screening tools for identification of alcohol use disorders and problems were Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT), CAGE, Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST), as well as T-ACE and TWEAK that are specifically used for evaluation of alcohol consumption in pregnant women. The short forms of the AUDIT, RAPS, POSIT, and CRAFFT are other tests for alcohol consumption.
Conclusion: Several screening tools have been designed for identification of alcohol use disorders and problems; therefore, n appropriate screening test should be selected and implemented with regards to the purpose of screening, research questions, and study population.
R Dehnavieh, Aa Haghdoost, H Rahimi, A Poursheikhali, M Hasani, N Mirshekari, F Hoseinabadi, S Radmerikhi, Z Khajeh, N Khajehpour, A Masoud, M Balochi, S Noori Hekmat, K Nouhi,
Volume 14, Issue 0 (Special Issue, Vol.14, 2019)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Plagiarism is the most prevalent type of scientific misconduct, and various rules and strategies have been proposed to combat it in different countries. A review of other countries' experiences in this area contributes to good policymaking. The present study was conducted to introduce preventive interventions of plagiarism in the leading countries.
Methods: The present study was a qualitative review study of applied practices. In this study, preventive interventions of scientific plagiarism in the 27 European ::::::::union:::::::: countries were studied due to the appropriate coherence and structural similarity at national, organizational, and individual levels. The national-level interventions were analyzed using the content analysis method in mentioned countries.
Results: The results of analyzing the national-level interventions were categorized into eight main themes, including reaching a national agreement on examples of scientific plagiarism and misconduct; policy development; monitoring and supervision; financial support development; development of databanks and software; compiling educational programs for faculty members and students; dissemination and use of successful experiences; and eventually establishment of laws related to scientific misconduct, plagiarism, and punishments activities.
Conclusion: Using preventive interventions at a national level proves the commitment and determination of policymakers to control and prevent plagiarism. Proper use of preventive interventions at a national level strengthens the controlling and preventive infrastructures of this issue at the organizational level, and enhances moral commitment and professional skills among the country's researchers.
Am Mosadeghrad, A Pour Reza , N Abolhasan Beigi Galezan , Sh Shahebrahimi,
Volume 14, Issue 4 (Vol.14, No.4, 2019)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Human Development Index (HDI) is an important indicator of a country’s development. On the other hand, mortality indicators are the most important indicators of the health of a society. This study aimed to examine the association between HDI and maternal, neonatal, infant, and under-five mortality rates in Iran between 2005 and 2016.
Methods: This longitudinal study was conducted using data collected from Iran Statistics Center, World Health Organization, and United Nations Development Program. SPSS software version 22 was used for data analysis. Pearson correlation test was applied to examine the correlation between HDI and mortality rates. Regression analysis was used to measure the effect of HDI on mortality rates.
Results: HDI increased from 0.690 in 2005 to 0.774 in 2016 (12% rise). Maternal, neonatal, infant, and under-five mortality rates decreased by 26, 41, 52, and 42% in 2016 compared to 2005, respectively. HDI had a significant indirect association with maternal (-0.973), neonatal (-0.983), infant (-0.739), and under-five mortality (-0.987). An increase of 0.01 in HDI reduced 1 maternal death per 100,000 births. An increase of 0.014, 0.009, and 0.008 in HDI decreased one neonatal, infant, and under-five death per 1000 births.
Conclusion: The results showed that increased HDI correlated with decreased mortality rates. Therefore, policy-makers should pay more attention to socio
S Ebrahimi Kebria , Ss Hashemi Nazari, Y Mdehrabi, B Nazparvar , A Shojaei, Sd Mirtorabi,
Volume 15, Issue 1 (Vol.15, No.1 2019)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Suicide is one of the psychosocial problems in Lorestan Province due to its socio-cultural and economic structure. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of age group, time period, and birth cohort on the suicide incidence in Lorestan Province during the 2006-2015.
Methods: In this study, to overcome the identifiability problem, the Carstensen approach and natural cubic smoothing character were used in age-period-cohort models (APC). Cohort effect was calculated as the relative rate from the 1984 reference cohort for men and 1987 cohort for women. The period effect in both sexes constrained to be relative to 1390 and to be 0 on average with 0 slope. The best APC model for both sexes was the models with "AC-P" parameter, 7 knots, and natural splines for men and B splines for women. All analyses were performed using the R software with Epi package.
Results: The age effect showed that the highest suicide incidence rate was seen in the elderly. Two strong birth cohort effects were observed, one increasing one in the 1980 cohort and one decreasing one in 1991 cohort. The most significant period effect was seen in men in 2011.
Conclusion: The effects of 1991 and 1980 birth cohorts could be due to the consequences of imposed war in Iran. The three economic phenomena, oil price change, increased divorce rate, and increased unemployment rate can be effective in the emergence of the period effect in year 2011.
H Gheibipour, K Etemad , S Khodakarim, A Sharhani, S Ebrahimi Kebria,
Volume 15, Issue 1 (Vol.15, No.1 2019)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The prevalence of HBV infection among injection drug users (IDUs) is higher than the general population due to high-risk sexual behaviors and the needle sharing. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of HBV infection and its effective factors among IDUs of Kermanshah Province in 2016.
Methods: This ia descriptive-analytic study was performed in 606 male IDUs in Kermanshah Province in 2016. Data were collected through questionnaires and interviews. HBV was also evaluated through blood tests using the rapid test. Simple and multivariate logistic regression analyses were applied to investigate the factors affecting HBV infection. Data were analyzed using STATA-12 software.
Results: The prevalence of positivity HBV antibody was 3% (95% CI: 1.61- 4.32) among male IDUs. According to the results of unit-variable logistic regression analysis, the duration of drug injection (OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.02-1.15) and the number of daily injections (OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.05-1.81) were risk factors for HBsAg positivity but there were no significant associations in the multivariate regression model.
Conclusion: The prevalence of HBV is much higher among IDUs than in the general population. These populations are at risk for viral infections such as HBV; therefore, it is recommended to provide necessary education about the prevention methods as well as the necessary screening for them.
M Asghari Jafarabadi , L Karimi, F Rahimi Bashar , A Vahedian Azimi ,
Volume 15, Issue 4 (Vol.15, No.4 2020)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) training as part of an educational program for patients involved in pathologic and physiological events (PPE) can have important physiological and psychological benefits for the patients, and can affect various dimensions of their lives including the quality of life. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to determine the effect of PMR on the quality of life of patients involved in PPE.
Methods: Through searching the words “PMR” and “quality of life (QOL)” in Persian databases including SID, MagIran, IranMedex, and IranDoc and international databases including Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, ProQuest, and ScienceDirect, all studies published on the effect of PMR on the QOL were extracted. The methodological quality of the papers was examined using Cochrane risk of bias. Data analysis was carried out using a random-effects model and heterogeneity was assessed by I2. The data were analyzed using the STATA software version 14.0.
Results: Of 495 studies, only 10 explored the effect of PMR on the QOL of patients. The pooled mean of the QOL and all dimensions were statistically significant, including physical functioning (0.339), physical role limitation (0.378), bodily pain (0.341), general health (0.598), social functioning (0.873), mental health (0.736), emotional role limitation (0.791), vitality (0.706), total physical dimensions (0.652), total mental dimensions (1.316), and total QOF score (0.480). Only one study had a low risk of bias.
Conclusion: Implementation of PMR has a significant effect on the quality of life of patients involved in PPE. PMR is recommended to improve the QOL of the patients.
A Mehri, M Yaseri, D Rahimi, S Nejat,
Volume 16, Issue 2 (Vol 16, No.2 2020)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Self-confidence is an individual characteristic in students that enables them to have a positive or realistic view of themselves. The purpose of present study was to evaluate the validity and psychometric properties of the Self-confidence Questionnaire (PEI)
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 students of four medical universities. Validation of this questionnaire included the steps of translation, content validity, face validity, repeatability and internal consistency.
Results: The mean age of the participants in this study was 32.1 (SD = 5.5) years. The majority of the students were postgraduate students (47%) and the least (11%) were undergraduate students. The results of this study showed that the overall relevancy and clarity of the questions were 92% and 83%, respectively. The percentage of agreement on overall comprehensiveness was 100%. Cronbach's alpha coefficient and interclass correlation coefficient were higher than 0.7 in all domains. The ICC of each question was also between 0.72 and 0.98.
Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the Persian version of the PEI questionnaire has an appropriate reliability for use in the student population of Iranian universities.
Z Rahimi, H Esmaily, A Taghipour, E Mosa Farkhani , J Jamali,
Volume 16, Issue 4 (Vol.16, No.4 2021)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Psychological distress is one of the minor psychiatric disorders that can be used as a predictor of serious mental illnesses such as depressive and anxiety disorders. These disorders are predictors of death from cardiovascular disease, stroke, and cancer. This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of psychological distress and its related factors.
Methods: This descriptive- analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in 2018. The study population included 1103945 subjects aged 18-65 years old that presented to the health centers of Khorasan Razavi. In this study, demographic checklists and the six-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-6) were used.
Results: The prevalence of psychological distress was 10.10%. The mean age of the subjects was 35.99 ± 10.46 years old, 62.10% were female, 86% were married, and 78.90% had a high school education or less. The response rate was 98.6%. Logistic regression analysis showed a significant relationship between psychological distress and age, gender, marital status, education, location, and occupation.
Conclusion: In this study, the prevalence of psychological distress was low. According to the odds ratio (OR), divorced women, illiterate women, housewives, and big city dwellers were high-risk groups for psychological distress. Considering the relatively large sample size, it is necessary to develop appropriate strategies for prevention and treatment, and training of these groups.
H Tavakoli Ghouchani, A Delshad, Hr Shoraka, H Lashkardoost, A Afshari Safavi , J Rahimi,
Volume 16, Issue 5 (Vol 16, Special Issue 2021)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to major health and socioeconomic problems worldwide. This study was conducted to determine the clinical features and health behaviors related to COVID-19 in patients presenting to selected COVID-19 centers of North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out using stratified random sampling in 350 patients presenting to selected COVID-19 centers of North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences in August and September 2020. Demographic and clinical features and the data related to COVID-19 disease were collected using a researcher-made checklist and analyzed with the SPSS 24 software using chi-square test and logistic regression.
Results: Of 350 patients, 200 (57.1%) were male and the rest were female. The PCR test was positive in 72% of the patients. The highest percentage of infection was seen in self-employed subjects and driver, people in the age group 30-50 years, and male subjects. The highest observance of masking, hand washing, and social distancing was related to healthcare staff and the lowest was seen in self-employed people, drivers, and military staff. A history of attending a gas station increased the chance of a positive test by 2.3 times (95% CI: 1.13-4.79).
Conclusion: According to the results, age, gender, occupation and history of presence in crowded places are important determinants of infection and adherence to protocols.
M Faghir Gangi, Ali Mirzazadeh, H Rastad, S Nedjat, A Rahimi-Movaghar, K Yazdani,
Volume 17, Issue 3 (Vol 17,No.3, Atumn 2021 2021)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: This qualitative study was conducted to identify reasons for not using condoms by people who inject drugs (PWID) in Iran.
Materials and Methods: Purposeful sampling was applied to recruit four groups [male PWID (n = 14), female PWID (n=6), service providers (n=8), and HIV/Addiction experts (n = 9)] into a qualitative study. Data were collected through focus group discussions (FGDs) or individual in-depth interviews. Data were analyzed using conventional content analysis.
Results: The mean age was 44.0 years for male and 38.2 for female PWID. Qualitative analysis showed 16 themes for not using a condom, which were grouped in three main categories, including knowledge (3 themes), accessibility (4 themes), and individual barriers to use condoms (9 themes). Poor knowledge included low perceived level of risk, insufficient training, and misconceptions. Lack of access to condoms resulted from the country's new policy for population growth control and decrease in the number of pharmacies and harm reduction centers and prisons where condoms were previously distributed free of charge. Common reported individual barriers to condom use were poverty, homelessness, depression, low self-care, and low self-esteem, less pleasure, having sex under the influence of drugs, and stigma.
Conclusion: Both structural and individual factors may play a role as barriers to condom use among PWID.
Elham Rahimi, Ebrahim Ghaderi, Ehsan Mostafavi, Mohammad Hossein Panahi, Manoochehr Karami,
Volume 19, Issue 1 (Vol.19, No.1, Spring 2023)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The publication of outbreak investigation reports is critical for disseminating lessons learned from outbreaks. While there are existing reporting guidelines for outbreak investigations, there is a gap in specific guidelines for reporting food-borne and water-borne outbreaks. This study aims to introduce a specific framework and reporting guideline for food and waterborne outbreak investigations in Iran.
Methods: The initial draft of the framework for reporting food and waterborne outbreaks was derived from existing general reporting guidelines for outbreak investigations. Additionally, a systematic review of studies reporting outbreaks of waterborne and foodborne diseases from 2010 to 2022 was conducted without language restrictions to extract relevant information. Expert opinions were then sought to finalize and adapt the reporting guideline.
Results: The reporting guideline framework for outbreaks of waterborne and foodborne diseases consists of eight parts: title, abstract (background, methods, results, conclusion), introduction, methods (study characteristics, study type, variables under investigation), results (participant information, statistical results, laboratory results, environmental investigation results), discussion, conclusion, and conflict of interest.
Conclusion: This specific reporting guideline for food and waterborne outbreak investigations can be utilized by outbreak investigation teams, rapid response teams, and researchers to effectively report the results of outbreak investigations in this domain.
Fatemeh Ershadinia, Elham Rahimi, Bushra Zareie, Hadi Pashapoor, Manoochehr Karami,
Volume 19, Issue 2 (Vol.19, No.2, Summer 2023)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The disease surveillance system provides essential information about the population at risk and the disease pattern. This review aimed to describe the experiences of countries in establishing COVID-19 school-based surveillance systems.
Methods: We conducted a systematic review. Four databases were searched between January 2019 and December 2022 using relevant keywords. The studies were screened by two people according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The findings were extracted using a standard form and aligned to the objectives of the review.
Results: The data from 12 studies were extracted using the standard form. All studies related to the school-based surveillance system of COVID-19. Most of studies were conducted in the United States of America and England. The reports did not conform to the standard. The number of schools covered in surveillance systems ranged from 2 to more than 6000 schools. The age group in these studies was 0 to 19 years. Schools submitted data daily or weekly.
Conclusion: The results of the COVID-19 surveillance systems in schools should be reported according to standard Instructions. This is considered a necessity to monitor and evaluate the surveillance system. It also allows other countries and researchers to share and use the results. In addition, sensitivity, timeliness, and positive predictive value were not reported in implemented surveillance systems.
