Showing 29 results for Prevalence
H Gheibipour, K Etemad , S Khodakarim, A Sharhani, S Ebrahimi Kebria,
Volume 15, Issue 1 (5-2019)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The prevalence of HBV infection among injection drug users (IDUs) is higher than the general population due to high-risk sexual behaviors and the needle sharing. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of HBV infection and its effective factors among IDUs of Kermanshah Province in 2016.
Methods: This ia descriptive-analytic study was performed in 606 male IDUs in Kermanshah Province in 2016. Data were collected through questionnaires and interviews. HBV was also evaluated through blood tests using the rapid test. Simple and multivariate logistic regression analyses were applied to investigate the factors affecting HBV infection. Data were analyzed using STATA-12 software.
Results: The prevalence of positivity HBV antibody was 3% (95% CI: 1.61- 4.32) among male IDUs. According to the results of unit-variable logistic regression analysis, the duration of drug injection (OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.02-1.15) and the number of daily injections (OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.05-1.81) were risk factors for HBsAg positivity but there were no significant associations in the multivariate regression model.
Conclusion: The prevalence of HBV is much higher among IDUs than in the general population. These populations are at risk for viral infections such as HBV; therefore, it is recommended to provide necessary education about the prevention methods as well as the necessary screening for them.
F Amiri , H Sharifi, E Ghorbani , Fs Mirrashidi, M Mirzaee, N Nasiri,
Volume 15, Issue 2 (9-2019)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Congenital hypothyroidism is one of the reasons for mental retardation and premature death of infants. Since identification of the determinants of hypothyroidism plays a significant role in its prevention, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism and to investigate its determinants in newborn infants.
Methods: This study was a secondary analysis of the data of the neonatal congenital hypothyroidism screening program. Hypothyroidism was diagnosed based on the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) level in the heel prick blood samples on the third to fifth day of life. The data of infants born in Jiroft hospitals were collected from Jiroft Health Center and analyzed using descriptive statistics and Poisson regression test.
Results: In this study, 4998 newborns (2450, 49.02% female, 2548, 98 / 50% male) were investigated. The study samples were newborns born from March to March 2016. The prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism was 1 in 135 live births. The prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism was higher in babies born by cesarean section (IRR = 2.2, 95% CI =1.1-4.1), newborns admitted to the NICU (IRR = 4.6, 95% CI=2.4-8.9), and babies with high birth weight (IRR = 5.3, 95% CI =3.5-8.1).
Conclusion: The prevalence of hypothyroidism was higher in this study compared to other studies. Its prevalence was higher in males than in females. Genetic and environmental differences may explain this difference. The prevalence of hypothyroidism was higher in infants born through cesarean section and newborns hospitalized in NICU.
B Damari, M Chegeni, I Esmaili, H Sarrami, H Almadani, H Narenjiha, F Minaee, M Ahmadi Pishkuhi ,
Volume 15, Issue 4 (1-2020)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Alcohol consumption among various occupations' staff leads to many problems. Therefore, due to the importance of the issue, this comprehensive study was conducted to determine the prevalence of alcohol consumption among industrial workers.
Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, the data were collected using a structured questionnaire through interview based on the workers’ self-reports. The participants included 13,128 workers across the country selected by multi-stage cluster sampling according to the population of labor workers and industrial centers in each province. The data were reported according to the consumption prevalence in the 10 spatial planning zones.
Results: In the optimistic situation, wokers in Ardebil (10.7%), Kermanshah (10.6%) and Guilan (7.1%) reported the highest frequency of alcohol consumption. The country’s mean prevalence of current consumption was 3.2% and the prevalence of alcohol consumption in life was up to 12.4% in the workers.
Conclusion: The data are based on the self-report of the participants. Therefore, the estimated prevalence rate is considered optimistic and below the actual prevalence. In the work environments of the country, especially in provinces with the highest frequency, special policies and interventions are needed to reduce the prevalence of alcohol consumption and minimize the harms caused by it.
Z Naghibifar, S Eskandari, M Sajjadipour, A Kavousi, K Etemad,
Volume 16, Issue 4 (3-2021)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Immune deficiency syndrome is an epidemic disease. During immunodeficiency caused by HIV, infections such as tuberculosis, hepatitis B and hepatitis C may occur. Given that the transmission of these infections is similar to that of HIV, the risk of HIV infection with these infections is high. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of common HIV infections and the related risk factors in HIV positive individuals.
Method:This study was conducted as a retrospective cohort study performed on 3047 HIV patients at Imam Khomeini Counseling Center in Tehran who have been admitted in 2004 -2018.Required data were extracted from patient records and entered into Excel software. For data analysis, SPSS version 21 was used.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 44.24 ± 9.46 years and 77.3% of them were male. Of them, 98 (3.2%) were co-infected with hepatitis B, 961 (31.5%) were co-infected with hepatitis C, and 415 (13.6%) were co-infected with tuberculosis. According to the results, hepatitis B and hepatitis C had a significant association with age, marital status, gender, education, prison history, history of injection, history of addiction, and needle sharing.
Conclusion: Due to the common route of HIV transmission and these infections, there is the possibility of co-infection. The demographic variables and behavioral factors are the most effective risk factors for developing co-infections.
Am Mosadeghrad, M Afshari, P Isfahani,
Volume 16, Issue 4 (3-2021)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: A nosocomial infection (NI) is defined as an infection occurring in a patient after 48 hours of hospitalization or up to 72 hours after discharge from the hospital, which was not present or incubating at the time of admission. NIs increase hospital mortality, decrease patient satisfaction, reduce hospital productivity, and increase health system costs. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of NIs in Iranian hospitals.
Methods: This study was performed using a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Seven electronic databases and two search engines were searched using appropriate key words to identify research studies on NIs published in Persian and English languages from April 1997 to March 2019 in Iran. Finally, 15 empirical studies out of 89 records were reviewed. Data were analyzed using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software.
Results: The studies reported a prevalence of 0.32% to 9.1% for NIs in Iranian hospitals. The pooled prevalence of NIs in Iranian hospitals was 0.01 % (95% CI 0.0% - 0.02%). The most common type of infection was urinary tract infection and the most common microorganism was Escherichia coli. The highest rate of nosocomial infections was seen in the intensive care unit, internal medicine ward and hematology ward. Suction was the most important risk factor for nosocomial infections.
Conclusion: The prevalence of NIs in Iranian hospitals is low according to the published studies. Appropriate strategies should be implemented to prevent and control NIs.
Y Salimi, Ma Mansournia, I Abdollahpour, S Nedjat,
Volume 17, Issue 3 (12-2021)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Using a random sample of women aged 15 to 50 years in Tehran, this study sought to estimate the lifetime prevalence of abortion (intentional and unintentional) and to identify its associated factors.
Materials and Methods: The control data of a population-based case-control study conducted in 2014 in Tehran was used in the present study. Data from 544 randomly selected women aged 15-50 living in municipality areas of Tehran were included in this study. A multiple logistic regression model was used to investigate factors associated with abortion and to estimate the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals.
Results: Overall, 102 women (18.8%, 95% CI (22.4% -15.8%)) reported a lifetime history of abortion. In the logistics regression model, being single (OR =3.46, 95% CI: 1.42-8.47) older age (OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.04-1.11) increased the odds of a positive lifetime history of abortion. However, having a child (OR = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.11-0.65)), more education years (OR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.82-0.96)) and higher religious beliefs (OR = 0.65, 95% CI: (0.45-0.93)) decreased the odds of a positive lifetime history of abortion..
Conclusion: High reported lifetime prevalence of abortion in the present study and its subsequent risks to maternal health highlight the need for educational interventional programs taking into account the level of education and knowledge of mothers along with their religious.
F Rashidi Fakari, Fa Rahnemaei, Z Kiani, F Rashidi Fakari, M Ghazanfarpour, N Kariman,
Volume 17, Issue 4 (3-2022)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: In most parts of the world, pelvic girdle and lower back pain are one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders, but its prevalence has been reported differently in studies around the world. were performed to investigate the-analysis Therefore, the present meta prevalence of pelvic girdle and lower back pain in pregnant women.
Methods: all articles published from 2005 to May 2020 using the keywords Pelvic Girdle Pain, Low back pain, Cross-Sectional, Prevalence, Epidemiology, Survey in Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection,Science Direct and SID collected and reviewed. Munn et al. tools were used to evaluate the quality of studies and methodology.
Results: 26 studies with a sample size of 13430 showed that, the overall prevalence of pelvic girdle and low back pain in pregnant women is 50% (95% CI: 43-58%, I2: 98.9%) and in primigravida women 44% (95% CI: 35-54%, I2: 97.9). Also, the prevalence of pelvic girdle and low back pain was using the questionnaire 57% (95% CI: 47-68, I2: 99.04%), using a combination of methods 53% (95% confidence interval: 37-70, I2: 96.12%), using a VAS Scale 38%(95% confidence interval: 23-52, I2: 99.08%).
Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate a 50% prevalence of pelvic girdle and low back pain in pregnant women. Due to the high prevalence and effects of pain on the quality of life of pregnant women, it seems necessary to plan, policy and design effective interventions in this field by the treatment team.
A Hosseinzadeh, Mr Baneshi, B Sedighi, J Kermanchi, Aa Haghdoost,
Volume 18, Issue 1 (5-2022)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Dementia is a chronic disease that imposes a huge financial and social burden on the health system. Knowledge of the prevalence of dementia is essential for healthcare planning and ensuring that there is an adequate service for people with the condition. Considering that the prevalence and geographical variation of dementia are not well known in Iran, the present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of dementia and its geographic variations in Iran.
Methods: In this study, the prevalence of dementia was estimated indirectly using the frequency of prescribed specialized medicines in one year by generic and brand names in each province. Choropleth maps were used to visually assess the geographical variation of dementia prevalence at the provincial level. Moran I and Getis-Ord Gi (Gi) geographical tests were used to investigate the spatial autocorrelation and geographical variability of dementia prevalence at a significant level of 0.05, respectively.
Results: In this study, the prevalence of dementia was 49.6 and 508.9 in 100000 in the general and over 60-year population, respectively. In the general population, the lowest prevalence was in Hormozgan Province (9.4/100000) and the highest prevalence was in East Azarbayjan Province (96.4/100000). In the over 60-year population, the lowest prevalence was in Hormozgan Province (141.5/100000) and the highest in Isfahan Province (862.5/1000000). According to Moran I and Getis-Ord Gi (Gi) tests, spatial autocorrelation and geographical variability of dementia prevalence were not significant.
Conclusion: The prevalence of dementia in the Iranian over 60-year population is lower compared to western countries; however, it is comparable with the reported dementia prevalence from developing countries. It should be noted that the dementia prevalence is high, similar to developed countries, in some developed provinces of Iran.
Maryam Aghajarinezhad, Yahya Salimi, Shahab Rezaeian, Ghobad Moradi, Fatemeh Khosravi Shadmani, Roya Safari Faramani, Ebrahim Shakiba, Yahya Pasdar, Behrooz Hamzeh, Nayebali Rezvani, Mitra Darbandi, Farid Najafi,
Volume 18, Issue 2 (9-2022)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Serological studies are based on the detection of antibodies. However, the produced antibodies decrease over time; therefore, such methods cannot provide a valid estimate of prevalence and incidence. The present study aimed to determine the serum prevalence and cumulative incidence in the Ravansar cohort population (Youth and RaNCD Cohort) in October 2020.
Methods: A random sample of 716 people aged > 18 years old were selected from the participants in the Ravansar cohort study in October 2020. Euroimmun anti-SARS COV-2 IgG ELISA kits (Lübeck, Germany) were used to measure antibody levels. Seroprevalence was estimated with considering of cut-off = 1, and cumulative incidence (modified and modified based on test specificity) was determined using modeling.
Results: In the present study, the serum prevalence of COVID-19 viral infection in the Ravansar cohort population from 22 October 2020 to 18 November 2020 was estimated to be %35.16 (95%CI: %31.64, %38.79). Modified Cumulative incidence and modified based on test characteristics from 20 February to 18 November 2020 were estimated to be %68.85 and %67.71, respectively.
Conclusion: Although very high cumulative incidence may be a sign of approaching herd immunity, adherence to health protocols is still recommended due to the potential role of asymptomatic cases in transmitting the disease to other members of the community; and the presence of new variants of the virus and reduced antibody levels should be considered.
