Showing 6 results for Abuse
Z Rajabpoor, S.r Majdzadeh, A Feizzadeh Khorasani, A Motevalian, M Hoseini,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (12-2005)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Road traffic injuries are among the most important causes of death and disability in Iran, and the country has one of the highest prevalence of opioid drug use, especially among drivers. The effect of different situations related to opioid use needs great attention. The purpose of this study was to estimate the effect of driving in the withdrawal phase on the occurrence of traffic accidents leading to injury.
Materials and Methods: This is a Case-Crossover study on injured drivers of crashed motor vehicles in Kerman. Drivers having skipped one habitual drug dose within one hour of the driving session were considered as being in withdrawal. We compared the drivers' situation at the time of accident with their regular driving habits.
Results: Among 75 drivers who had history of regular use of opium, 15 were in withdrawal phase at the time of accident. The relative rate of occurrence of traffic injuries while driving in these circumstances was 2.67 (95% confidence interval: 1.52 - 4.68).
Conclusion: According to these findings we can conclude that habitual opioid users are at greater risk of traffic accidents while driving in withdrawal status this risk is more than two-fold relative to not being in withdrawal status.
Hr Koohestani, N Baghcheghi, K Rezaei, A Abedi, A Seraji, S Zand,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (9-2011)
Abstract
مقدمه و اهداف: در اغلب موارد دانشجویان پرستاری در بالین مورد خشونت فیزیکی و کلامی قرار می‌گیرند. اگر چه در مطالعات قبلی خشونت علیه پرستاران مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است ولی با این حال توجه بسیار کمی به بررسی خشونت نسبت به دانشجویان پرستاری شده است. هدف از این مطالعه تعیین شیوع و ابعاد خشونت محل کار نسبت به دانشجویان پرستاری در محیط بالینی است.
روش کار: در این مطالعه توصیفی، 271 دانشجوی پرستاری با روش سرشماری شرکت کردند. اطلاعات با استفاده از پرسشنامه‌ای که با روش اعتبار محتوا و آزمون و آزمون مجدد مورد پایایی و روایی قرار گرفت، جمع‌آوری گردید.
نتایج: به طور کلی به ترتیب 9/74 % و 38/7% از دانشجویان سابقه خشونت کلامی، فیزیکی را در طی سال گذشته داشتند. اکثر خشونت‌های فیزیکی توسط بیماران صورت گرفته بود در حالی که بیشتر خشونت کلامی توسط همراهان بیمار صورت گرفته بود. به ترتیب بیشترین پاسخ به خشونت کلامی و فیزیکی این واکنش بود که "متقابلاً داد و بیداد کردم" و "به مربی یا مافوق خود گزارش دادم". از دیدگاه دانشجویان پرستاری شایع‌ترین عامل مساعدکننده خشونت محل کار، کمبود آگاهی مردم در خصوص وظایف دانشجو در بیمارستان‌ها بود. بین جنس و ترم تحصیلی دانشجویان با خشونت رابطه معنی داری یافت نشد.
نتیجه‌گیری: دانشجویان پرستاری اغلب در محیط کارآموزی مورد خشونت قرار می‌گیرند. باید راه‌های پیشگیری از خشونت و همچنین نحوه واکنش به خشونت به دانشجویان پرستاری آموزش داده شود و این مباحث در سرفصل درسی دانشجویان پرستاران گنجانده شود.
M Habibi, S Alahdadi, M Salari, N Ghanbari ,
Volume 13, Issue 3 (12-2017)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The current study was conducted to assess factor structure, validity, and reliability of the Persian version of the Drug Use Disorders Identification Test (DUDIT) among drug abusers in many city of Iran. It also assessed the DUDIT scores of a number of demographic factors.
Methods: The LDQ underwent forward translation to to Persian abackward translation to English. Furthermore, it was compared with the original scale. We made essential changes after it was used by 20 participants. Two hundred and eighty one drug abusers from prisons, dormitories, and rehabilitation camps completed the questionnaire. A demographic questionnaire as well as the Drug Use Disorders Identification Test (DUDIT), Severity of Dependence Scale (SDS), and Leeds Dependence Questionnaire (LDQ) were used to collect data. Methods used for data analysis included Confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, Guttman split-half coefficient and convergent reliability.
Results: Findings supported the unidimensional structure of the DUDIT. The Cronbach’s alpha and Guttman scale score were 0.81 and 0.68, respectively. The convergent validity through calculation of the correlation coefficient of the DUDIT with LDQ and SDS was 0.61 and 0.46, respectively. History of drug abuse in the family, residence in rehabilitation camps, taking several substances simultaneously, and use several methods of drug abuse simultaneously obtained the highest score in the DUDIT.
Conclusion: The Persian version of the DUDIT has suitable psychometric properties in drug abusers. It is important to pay attention to the demographic factors affecting drug use disorders for prevention and treatment plans.
F Shahbazi, Sd Mirtorabi , Mr Ghadirzadeh, Sms Ghoreishi, Ss Hashemi Nazari ,
Volume 14, Issue 1 (6-2018)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Drug abuse is one of the medical, social, economic and cultural problems in the present era that increases the morbidity, mortality, and disability among addicts. Iran, due to its adjacency to major centers of opiate drugs production, has a severe and critical condition. Therefore, epidemiological studies are essential for comprehensive management of drug abuse disorders.
Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, demographic and epidemiological data of all people whose cause of death was drug abuse in 2013-14 (1392 Hijri) were extracted by two checklists. Data were then analyzed with SPSS software.
Results: A total of 2957 deaths occurred during the study period. Most deaths occurred in unmarried young males with a low income and education level. The mean age of the subjects was 36.6 12.81 years. The mortality rate from opiate and psychoactive abuse in the whole country was 53.28 in 1000000 population. The most commonly used drugs in the study population were opium, crystal, and heroin in a descending order. Hamedan, Lorestan, and Zanjan provinces with a mortality rate of 150, 101, and 80.06 per 1,000,000 people had the highest mortality due to drug abuse.
Conclusion: Training programs and harm reduction approaches such as methadone treatment and naloxone distribution programs should be designed in high-risk groups to reduce mortality associated with drug abuse.
Sa Motevalian, H Gharibnavaz, M Asadi Lari , Sh Seraji,
Volume 14, Issue 3 (12-2018)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Accidents are one of the global concerns in public health. About 1.24 million people die in traffic accidents annually. Road accidents are the leading cause of years of life lost in Iran and motorcyclists are the riskiest group of road users. Drug abuse is one of the main causes of road traffic accidents and motorcycling is more popular in drug abusers. So, this study was conducted to compare the riding behavior of normal and drug abuser motorcyclists.
Methods: This historical cohort was performed in 411 motorcyclists in 3 study groups: 100 methadone consumer motorcyclists, 100 methamphetamine consumer motorcyclists, and 211 normal motorcyclists. The participants in three groups were matched for age and area of residence. A motorcycle riding behavior questionnaire was used to collect the data. Then, the collected data were analyzed with the SPSS (V-20) software using descriptive and analytic statistics. Multivariate linear regression was applied for statistical analysis.
Results: There was a significant difference in the riding behavior score between normal motorcyclists and methamphetamine user and methadone user motorcyclists (P<0.0001), but the difference between drug user motorcyclists was not significant (P=0.292). The most frequent violation in all three groups was speeding.
Conclusion: the results showed speeding was the most frequent violation in all three groups followed by traffic errors. It was found that drug abuse (methamphetamine and methadone) could have an impact on motorcyclists’ riding behaviors as it could increase the riding behavior score in drug user motorcyclists compared to normal motorcyclists.
F Heydari, A Shahesmaeili, M Eslami Shahrbabaki,
Volume 18, Issue 1 (5-2022)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: This study was conducted to compare the personality type and alexithymia between opiates dependents, concurrent opiates and methamphetamine users and control groups presenting to drug abuse treatment centers in Kerman in 2020.
Methods: In this cross-sectional analytical study, three groups with a sample size of 130 participants were recruited through convenience sampling from six drug abuse treatment centers (two governmental and four private centers) in Kerman, 2020. The first group comprised opiates-only users. The second group included concurrent opiates and methamphetamine users. The third group included never-drug users. The data were collected using three questionnaires including a demographic questionnaire, the Friedman and Rosenman personality types questionnaire and Toronto Alexithymia Scale. Comparison of variables between the three groups was done using multivariable multinomial logistic regression.
Results: The research outcomes indicated a higher chance of type A personality in the opiates with methamphetamine dependents (adjusted odds ratio (AOR):1.97; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 3.64, 1.06) compared to the control group. The chance of severe alexithymia was higher among opiates dependents (AOR: 1.86; 95% CI: 3.27, 1.06) and concurrent opiates and methamphetamine users (AOR: 2.7; 95% CI: 4.83, 1.51) compared to the control group. The concurrent opiates and methamphetamine users were more likely to be male (AOR: 3.1; 95% CI: 6.25, 1.53), single (AOR: 2.6; 95% CI: 4.72, 1.43) and unemployed (AOR: 4.01; 95% CI: 9.09, 1.77) compared to the control group. Compared to the control group, the opiates dependents (AOR: 4.14; 95% CI: 7.71, 2.22) and the opiates with methamphetamine dependents (AOR: 1.95; 95% CI: 3.69, 1.03) were more likely to have education levels lower than secondary school diploma.
Conclusion: Considering the relationship between the personality type and alexithymia with opiates and methamphetamine use, early screening, continuous care, and necessary trainings are required to prevent drug dependency in high-risk people, especially at younger ages.
