Showing 6 results for Air Pollution
M Qorbani, M Yunesian, A Fotouhi, H Zeraati, S Sadeghian, Y Rashidi,
Volume 3, Issue 1 (9-2007)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Recent evidence suggests that long-term exposure to air pollution contributes to progression of atherosclerosis and the risk of cardiac morbidity and mortality short-term exposure may also lead to thrombosis and acute ischemic events. To evaluate the relation between the levels of major air pollutants (CO and PM10) and hospital admission for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in Tehran, we performed a case-crossover design and checked whether individual characteristics act as effect modifiers.
Methods: We selected 250 Tehran residents who had been hospitalized with an acute coronary syndrome from 4th of April to 10th of June, 2007. The following individual data were gathered: sex, age, date of hospitalization, and coexisting illnesses (hypertension, diabetes). Daily air pollution data were taken from the Air Quality Control Center. Temperature, humidity, stress, physical activity and weekend days were treated as confounding variables, and a conditional logistic regression model was used for statistical analysis.
Results: We found a positive association between ACS and average 24-hour CO levels. The OR for each unit increase of the average 24-hour CO was 1.18 (95%CI: 1.03-1.34). The relation between ACS and 24-hour average PM10 did not reach statistical significance (OR for average 24-hour PM10 was 1.005, 95%CI: 0.99-1.01). The association between ACS and 24-hour average CO tended to be stronger in women (OR=1.68 for each unit increase, 95%CI: 1.25-2.26). The relation between 24-hour average PM10 and ACS did not change across the layers of the effect modifiers.
Conclusions: The results suggest that an increase in average 24-hour CO levels will augment the risk of ACS, and the effect is stronger in females. On the other hand, we were unable to document an association between ACS and average 24-hour PM10 levels.
M Qorbani , M Yunesian ,
Volume 5, Issue 4 (3-2010)
Abstract
London fog obviously revealed the role of air pollution in increasing mortality and morbidity rates associated with this phenomenon but several studies in the 70’s and 80’s couldn’t establish sufficient link between air pollution and death. In the 1990’s, time series studies conducted in a different locations, showed that air pollution levels, even at lower concentrations, were associated with increased rates of morbidity and mortality in several cities in all over the world. Since several studies have been designed for investigating the association between air pollution and health outcomes in recent years with controversial conclusions, this article reviews the latest studies in this field. We also will mention main strengths and weaknesses of epidemiological designs including time-series, case-crossover, cross sectional, panel and cohort studies in indoor and outdoor air pollution epidemiology.
M Qorbani, M Yunesian,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (7-2012)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Some case-report studies in Iran showed probable
association between anthracosis and smoke exposure due to baking homemade
bread, population. Therefore we estimated the population attributable fraction
(PAF) for this probable association in Iranian population.
Methods: A
hospital-based case-control study, including 83 anthracotic subjects (cases)
with 72 controls from surgical ward which were matched by age, conducted in
Imam Khomeini hospital in Tehran (From September 2009 to December 2010). Patients in both case and control groups were
interviewed according to "American Thoracic Society" guideline. Exposure
to smoke was
considered both as a binary and continuous variable (number of years being
exposed to smoke) and the population attributable fraction (PAF) were estimated
due to smoke exposure.
Results: Univariate
analysis showed that exposure to smoke as binary variables, age and occupation
exposure to dust and education were associated with anthracosis. After
Adjusting, only smoke exposure (OR: 3.35, 95% CI: 1.49-7.55) remain
significant. Univariate logistic regression model showed exposure to smoke as
continuous variable has significant association with anthracosis. In multiple
logistic model only duration (years) of
smoke exposure remained significant (OR: 1.05, 95%CI: 1.01-1.09). PAF due to
smoke exposure estimated approximately 48% in our population.
Conclusion: Based
on the findings of this study, it could be concluded that approximately half of
the anthracotic cases are attributed to smoke exposure.
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N Khanjani , L Ranadeh Kalankesh , F Mansouri ,
Volume 8, Issue 3 (12-2012)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: The effects of air pollutants on respiratory mortality and morbidity are among the major concerns today. Few studies have been published on the association between mortality and air pollution in Iran.
Methods: This study was undertaken in Kerman, Iran. Mortality data was inquired from the Kerman City Health Authority (from March 2006 till Sept 2010) and air pollution data was requested from the Kerman Province Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The Kerman Province EPA collects daily data on 7 air pollutants which are SO2, NO2, NO, NOx, PM10, CO and O3 by its urban measurement station.
Results: The relation between respiratory disease mortality and air pollution was determined by negative binomial regression. The daily mean of PM10 in Kerman was above 150 μgr/m³(unhealthy) on some days of the year. The results showed a significant relationship between increased male respiratory mortality and increase in ambient dust (p=0.03), O3 (p=0.004) and SO2 (p=0.03), but did not show a significant increase in female mortality death for any pollutant.
Conclusion: As there seems to be a significant relationship between increased ambient dust, O3, SO2 and respiratory mortality, susceptible people and those with background respiratory diseases should practice caution in case of increases in these air pollutants.
A Falahati , K Soheili , M Nazifi , S Abbaspour,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (10-2013)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Economic growth has been along with increasing energy demand in the world in addition environment pollutions which healthy life nowadays faces up with major challenges. Since there are several influential factors in this model, therefore this study designed to assess the effect of some independent socio-economic variables on the people health.
Methods: An artificial neural network (ANN) was developed to review health risk factors during the years 1971-2009. Using neural network methods in the study or the MPL method is .multi-layer perception.
Results: In ANN selected for this study, one hidden layer with three nodes is selected. Being more important the urban variable in modeling shows that the positive effect of urbanization on the health is more powerful than negative effects of air pollution.
Conclusion: Based on our model it is concluded that urbanization as a major risk factor to produce (accelerate) of air pollution, has the most negative effect on health and life expectancy.
S Sharifi, M Karami, N Esmailnasab, Gh Rooshanaei, Farsan,
Volume 12, Issue 4 (2-2017)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Cardiac diseases are a major cause of death in Iran. The number of deaths from cardiac diseases can be reduced through controlling air pollution. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between increased air pollution and mortality from respiratory and cardiac diseases in Tehran.
Methods: The average daily concentrations of five pollutants, including carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and particulate matter less than 10 microns (PM10) were collected from 8 stations in Tehran, Iran. Then, their effects on the number of daily deaths due to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases were calculated using time series and Poisson GLARMA model (generalized linear autoregressive moving average). The climatic elements such as mean, maximum, and minimum temperature and daily humidity were considered as confounding factors.
Results: After adjustment for potential confounding variables of the final model of the pollutants, the mean daily ozone level (P = 0.02) and particulate matters less than 10 microns (P <0.001) had a significant correlation with the number of daily deaths.
Conclusion: According to the results of this study that addressed the relationship between air pollutants and death using new statistical methods, it is necessary to take more effective measures to control ozone and particulate matters less than 10 microns to reduce the mortality of heart and respiratory diseases in Tehran.
