Showing 12 results for Behavior
L Salehi, F Haidari,
Volume 6, Issue 4 (3-2011)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Proceed model is widely used in health promoting program. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of PRECEDE Model –based educational program on nutritional behaviors in a rural society.
Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental (before – after) study and conducted on one hundred eighteen women in eight rural areas in Fridan. Based on precede model, CHD mortality rate, incorrect nutritional habits and nutritional behaviors were identified as the most important indicators. During educational intervention, predisposing factors, enabling factors and reinforcement factors were noticed.The training content was designed based on precede model contains 3 educational sessions weekly for 2 months.
Results: Following the educational intervention, the mean score of knowledge, attitude were significantly increased and predisposing, Enabling and Reinforcing factors as well as behavior were improved. Approximately nine percent of participants perceived they are at risk of heart diseases and 12.96% believed that their regimes are not healthy (bad). Near 48% indicated that heart diseases are preventable diseases.
Conclusion: The finding of current study confirmed the practicability and effectiveness of the PRECEDE
Model –based educational program on Behavioral.
K Etemad, H Eftekhar Ardabili, A Rahimi, Mm Gouya, A Heidari, Mj Kabir,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (6-2011)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: The epidemic of HIV has been become worldwide. Infected people with HIV which are
most intravenous drug users (IDUs) and/or people who have unsafe sex are important source of transmission of
infection to other persons in a community. Since there is little known about the knowledge and attitudes of HIV
positives about HIV in Iran, therefore we decided to measure the level of knowledge and attitudes of this group
in Golestan province in compare with individuals with risky behavior.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 54 HIV+ persons and 134 people with high risk behavior
individuals in 2007 year.
Results: Our study showed that HIV- (High risk group) cases had higher education level (P=0.034). Rate of
jobless was higher in HIV+ persons (P<0.001). HIV+ cases had lower income (P=0.037). Both groups had
moderate knowledge and poor attitude on HIV/AIDS. Level of attitude in HIV+ positive persons was lower than
high risk group (P=0.05).
Conclusion: It is concluded that these susceptible persons and also infected individuals with HIV regardless of
their socio-economic levels need more continuous education in structured programs.
A Ansarifar, H Soori, Akbarzadeh Bagheban, ,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (5-2013)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of Persian version of survey instrument for Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFS).
Methods: Content and Face validity of Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFS) questionnaire were examined with Backward-Forward method. This method consisted of four steps: translation, back-translation, expert review and Pilot study. For evaluation of reliability of questionnaire, 194 adults of 18 years or older from Karaj province were interviewed. For the examination of reliability, Cronbach’s alpha was calculated to assess the internal consistency of the questionnaire. The reliability of quantitative variables evaluated with intra class correlation (ICC) ordinal variables with weighted Kappa and nominal variables with Kappa and weighted Kappa were calculated as well.
Results: Average age of participants were 38.8 15. Majority of participants (66.5%) were in 18-44 years group, 26.8% in 45-64 years and others 65 years and older. In validity procedure, 26 questions were deleted, 3 questions added and 6 questions were modified. Questions of ‘having situations of HIV morbidity’ and ‘Do you currently use drug abuse’ were least reliability and deleted from questionnaire. Others were reliable. (It might be better to say how many questions remained finally)
Conclusion: Our results indicate that BRFSS Persian version questionnaire has acceptable reliability and criterion validity for surveillance system in Iran.
H Esmaielzadeh, M Asadi, N Miri, M Keramatkar,
Volume 10, Issue 3 (12-2014)
Abstract
Background & Objectives : Health risk behaviors in adolescence, such as alcohol consumption and smoking, can affect both short-term and long-term health. The aim of study was to estimate the prevalence of health risk behaviors among high school students of Qazvin.
Methods : The target population of this descriptive study was all high school students of Qazvin who were enrolled in the 1390-91 academic year. The sample group included 160) 239 girls, 271 boys) students that were selected by randomly multistage sampling. The assessment instrument was the Youth Risk Behaviors Surveillance System (YRBSS) Questionnaire.
Results: Findings indicated that use of hookah was the most popular in girls and boys (59%) as compared with cigarette smoking (32.7%), drug use (7.3%), and alcohol consumption (16.7%). The prevalence of physical violence in and outside the school in one year, carrying weapons to school in a month, cigarette smoking in the school in one month, smoking hookah, and alcohol and opioid use during one month were more frequently observed in boys than girls. The use of the seat belt was more common among girls than boys, and the total prevalence of using the seat belt was 23.7%.
Conclusion : Given the high prevalence of high risk behaviors among high school students, it is necessary to develop a high risk behaviors surveillance system and use the obtained information to devise preventive measures at the individual, school, and family levels.
M Vameghi, M Dejman, H Rafiey, P Roshanfekr, As Forouzan, Ar Shoghli, A Mirzazadeh,
Volume 11, Issue 1 (6-2015)
Abstract
Background & Objectives : Children who work or live on the street are one of key populations at risk for HIV and hard to reach for study or providing services. Here, as a methodological paper, we present the methods and steps of a rapid assessment and response (RARE) project conducted among street children in Tehran.
Methods : We applied a mixture of qualitative (literature review, focus group discussion, in-depth interview) and quantitative (structure interview) methods to collect data from key informants in non-governmental and governmental agencies as well as street children. We applied targeted sampling to recruit key informants and time location sampling to recruit street children.
Results: The study was conducted in eight steps to recognize the involved stakeholders, define target population (street children) and to guide on how to approach them (steps 1 to 2: Initial Consultation, Study Area Profile), to map the venues and gathering spots and ethnographic findings crucial for further recruitment into surveys (steps 3 to 5: Contextual Assessment, Population and Setting Assessment, Health Issues Assessment), assess the risk behaviors (step 6: Assessment Behavior Risk and Health), evaluate the response (step 7: Intervention Assessment), and develop an operational plan for improving the services (step 8: Developing an Action Plan).
Conclusion: RARE is a participatory mix research method with sufficient flexibility to study complex health problems such as stigmatized HIV risk behaviors among high risk and hard to reach populations and also to assess the health sector response.
M Habibi, Kh Moradi, M Pooravari, S Salehi,
Volume 11, Issue 1 (6-2015)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: This study examined the prevalence of behavioral disorders in middle and high school students in the Province of Qom.
Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive design was employed to investigate 762 students (382 middle and 380 high school students) who were selected through a multi-stage cluster sampling method. Data collection was performed suing the Woodworth Personal Data Sheet (WPDS), and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square test.
Results: The finding showed that the prevalence of behavioral problems in the total sample, and middle and high school students was 19.82, 22.72, and 17.1%, respectively. The prevalence of behavioral problems was higher in boys versus girls, is the middle school versus the high school, and in urban areas versus rural areas. The aggressive disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder – Psychasthenia had the highest and lowest prevalence in both the middle and high school students, respectively. The educational level of students, parental education, parental divorce, parental death, and family income had significant relationships with behavioral disorders.
Conclusion: The prevalence of behavioral problems in the Province of Qom was found to be in the middle range in comparison with other studies conducted within and outside the country. However, attention should be paid to mental health policy-making in adolescents to decrease behavioral problems and prevent future issues.
M Nejatifar , H Soori, M Ghaffari,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (9-2017)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: A feasible and cost-effective tool is required to investigate young children' behaviors with regard to the risk of injury. The aim of this study was to assess the psychometrics of the Persian version of the Injury Behavior Checklist (IBC).
Methods: After validating the translation (backward-forward translation), the final version of the checklist was developed through content analysis and face validity and according to the comments of a panel of experts. The final version was distributed among 300 mothers of children aged 2-5 years referring to the kindergartens of Tehran. Convergent validity was evaluated by internal consistency through calculation of Cronbach's alpha coefficient, as well as item-total correlation. The reliability of the checklist was assessed through the test-retest method with participating 55 mothers and comparison of the scores of the two steps by correlation coefficient and interclass correlation coefficient (ICC).
Results: The content validity ratio was acceptable (0.6-1) for 100% of the items, and the content validity index was 0.93 for relevancy and clarity and 0.92 for simplicity. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.87. All 24 items of the IBC were acceptably and directly correlated with the total score of the tool (r=0.25-0.65). Reliability results also confirmed the test-retest reliability of the Persian version of the IBC (r=0.90; ICC=0.86).
Conclusion: The Persian version of the IBC is a reliable tool for investigation of risk taking and its association with different injuries in children aged 2-5 years.
Sa Motevalian, H Gharibnavaz, M Asadi Lari , Sh Seraji,
Volume 14, Issue 3 (12-2018)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Accidents are one of the global concerns in public health. About 1.24 million people die in traffic accidents annually. Road accidents are the leading cause of years of life lost in Iran and motorcyclists are the riskiest group of road users. Drug abuse is one of the main causes of road traffic accidents and motorcycling is more popular in drug abusers. So, this study was conducted to compare the riding behavior of normal and drug abuser motorcyclists.
Methods: This historical cohort was performed in 411 motorcyclists in 3 study groups: 100 methadone consumer motorcyclists, 100 methamphetamine consumer motorcyclists, and 211 normal motorcyclists. The participants in three groups were matched for age and area of residence. A motorcycle riding behavior questionnaire was used to collect the data. Then, the collected data were analyzed with the SPSS (V-20) software using descriptive and analytic statistics. Multivariate linear regression was applied for statistical analysis.
Results: There was a significant difference in the riding behavior score between normal motorcyclists and methamphetamine user and methadone user motorcyclists (P<0.0001), but the difference between drug user motorcyclists was not significant (P=0.292). The most frequent violation in all three groups was speeding.
Conclusion: the results showed speeding was the most frequent violation in all three groups followed by traffic errors. It was found that drug abuse (methamphetamine and methadone) could have an impact on motorcyclists’ riding behaviors as it could increase the riding behavior score in drug user motorcyclists compared to normal motorcyclists.
Sh Hasanzadeh, H Sadeghi Bazargani , M Hashemiparast, M Asghari Jafarabadi ,
Volume 15, Issue 4 (1-2020)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the predictability of the PLS-SEM model for injuries resulting in hospitalization in motorcyclists using a mediator variable in a case-control study.
Methods: In this case-control study, 300 cases and 156 controls were randomly selected from 150 clusters using random cluster sampling. The data were collected using the motorcycle riding behavior (MRB) questionnaire, adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) questionnaire (subscales) and a checklist containing motorcycle related variables.
Results: The motorcycle riding behavior, adult ADHD, motorcycling related variables and some demographic variables were found to be the predictors of injury. There were significant positive relationships between injury and motorcycling related variables (B=0.20, P=0.001) and ADHD (B=0.33, P=0.001), between MRB and motorcycling related variables (B=0.51, P=0.001) and ADHD (B=0.52, P=0.001), and between ADHD and motorcycling related variables (B=0.39, P=0.001).
Conclusion: Considering the more accurate results of PLS-SEM, the intervention programs should especially address those who have hyperactive children, those who use the cellphone while riding, and those who ride in dark hours of the night.
H Tavakoli Ghouchani, A Delshad, Hr Shoraka, H Lashkardoost, A Afshari Safavi , J Rahimi,
Volume 16, Issue 5 (3-2021)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to major health and socioeconomic problems worldwide. This study was conducted to determine the clinical features and health behaviors related to COVID-19 in patients presenting to selected COVID-19 centers of North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out using stratified random sampling in 350 patients presenting to selected COVID-19 centers of North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences in August and September 2020. Demographic and clinical features and the data related to COVID-19 disease were collected using a researcher-made checklist and analyzed with the SPSS 24 software using chi-square test and logistic regression.
Results: Of 350 patients, 200 (57.1%) were male and the rest were female. The PCR test was positive in 72% of the patients. The highest percentage of infection was seen in self-employed subjects and driver, people in the age group 30-50 years, and male subjects. The highest observance of masking, hand washing, and social distancing was related to healthcare staff and the lowest was seen in self-employed people, drivers, and military staff. A history of attending a gas station increased the chance of a positive test by 2.3 times (95% CI: 1.13-4.79).
Conclusion: According to the results, age, gender, occupation and history of presence in crowded places are important determinants of infection and adherence to protocols.
A Ramezankhani, F Alhani, Aa Vedadhir, F Mohammadkhah,
Volume 17, Issue 1 (5-2021)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: One of the most important issues in public health is violence, which affects people around the world. Therefore, a qualitative study was conducted to explain the consequences of student violence.
Methods: This study was part of a qualitative exploratory sequential study conducted in Ruodsar in 2017. This study was carried out using conventional qualitative content analysis method. The data were collected through 50 individual in-depth interviews using purposive sampling. Data analysis was done using the Landman and Grahaim method.
Results: Data analysis in the first phase of research resulted in the extraction of 98 initial codes, two subcategories and one main category. At the end of this stage, the consequences of adult violence according to the findings were as follows: "The harmful consequences of violence are conceptual, dynamic, and multidimensional. The harmful consequences of violence point to changes that occur within the violent person or the people around them after the violence, which are divided to interpersonal and intrapersonal consequences.
Conclusion: The present study revealed some new dimensions of the concept of harmful consequences of violence, especially in student girls. This definition is based on the Iranian context and culture. Violence prevention requires attention to these dimensions at different interpersonal and the intrapersonal levels.
S Bayat, H Soori, Fs Asgarian,
Volume 17, Issue 3 (12-2021)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Healthcare providers suffer from occupational burnout due to emotional and physical pressures dealing with patients, which affects all aspects of living behavior. This study aimed to identify the association between occupational burnout and driving behavior among the employees of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences.
Materials and Methods: A descriptive- analytical study was conducted on 1629 employees of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences that were selected using random sampling. The employees completed a demographic questionnaire, Maslach Burnout Inventory, and Manchester Driver Behavior Questionnaire. The data were assessed based on a Likert scale.
Results: The results of occupational burnout analysis showed that the mean scores of emotional exhaustion (72.2-22.2-5.6%), cynicism (0.6-42.8-51.6) and professional inefficacy (31.8-21.8-46.4%) were mild, moderate and severe, respectively. The results also showed a significant relationship between depersonalization disorder and unintentional driving violations (P=0.026), driving-related errors and self-adequacy (p=0.023), and occupational burnout and driving behavior and the variables of gender, shift work, working hours, and educational groups. In general, occupational burnout was higher in women than in men (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Educational programs can improve low - risk driving ability among this group of employees. Psychological and counseling services should be reinforced in organizations so that the employees attain the ability to adapt to occupational psychological pressures to reduce occupational burnout in the long term.
