Showing 8 results for Brucellosis
E Mostafavi, M Asmand,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (7-2012)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Brucellosis is a zoonotic infection transmitted from
animals to humans by the ingestion of infected food products, direct contact
with an infected animal or inhalation of aerosols. This study aimed to describe
the trend and to assess the effect of livestock vaccination rates on reported
brucellosis in human across Iran.
Methods: Trends in the epidemiology of human
and animal brucellosis in Iran were investigated by analyzing national
surveillance data between 1991 till 2008.
Results: The
average annual incidence of human brucellosis was 43.24 per100000 population.
On average, approximately 27500 new cases have been reported in the country.
There was a fall in the incidence rate of Brucellosis over recent years(r=-0.79,
P<0.001). In different provinces there was a significant association between
the annual incidence of human brucellosis and the annual infection rate of
sheep and goats
(r =0.347, P<0.001), the annual incidence of human brucellosis and the
annual infection rate of cattle (r =0.327, P<0.001) and the annual incidence
of human brucellosis and the percentage of vaccinated cows (r=0.098, P=0.031).
Conclusion: As the
prevalence of human brucellosis depends closely with the prevalence of
brucellosis in animals, control of the disease in human population needs the cooperation
between different public health organizations.
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Ar Bahonar, K Amiri, Hd Akbarin, N Rasoli Beirami, Hr Amiri, F Imani Tabar, Sh Khajeh Nasiri , S Arab Zadeh, V Iranian Veterinary Organization, As Makenali,
Volume 8, Issue 4 (3-2013)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Prevention and control of brucellosis in animals is the main route of its prevention in human. After detecting a brucellosis outbreak in an industrial dairy cattle farm in Isfahan province in Iran, an epidemiological investigation was carried out to determine prevalence of seropositive cows and incidence rate inorder to eliminate positive couws.
Methods: This study was carried out to determine abortion rates in caws. RBPT, SAT and 2ME serologic tests were used for detecting infected cows and Brucella agar for isolation of bacteria. Data analysis was performed by Chi-square test and calculation of cumulative incidence ratio.
Results: Of total 1395 female cows above 4 months age, 706 infected animals were found during investigation (March-December 2011). Incidence of abortion in infected cows was significantly higher than no infected
(34% versus 14%, P<0.05). Culture for 47 milk samples was positive for brucella out of 100 milk samples.
Conclusion: Attention to using reduce dose of RB51 vaccine, controlling of import animal in farm besides biosecurity are the main factors for prevention of similar outbreaks in dairy farms.
M Mohammadkhani , H Sharifi, H Rashidi, Ar Nabipour, M Jahanshahi,
Volume 10, Issue 4 (3-2015)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Brucellosis is a zoonosis disease that is important in humans and animals. Since the disease is important in ranchers and veterinarians, we conducted this study to estimate the seroprevalence of the infection in these groups in Kerman.
Methods: In this descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study, 187 industrial and semi-industrial dairy personnel and veterinary network staff of Kerman in 2012 were recruited. Rose Bengal, Wright and 2-Mercaptoethanol were done on serum samples. Demographic and occupational characteristics of the participants were recorded. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and Poisson regression via the Stata software. Results: The prevalence of brucellosis was 3.2%. In this study, the history of brucellosis in the family, working in the veterinary network, and working in semi-industrial versus industrial dairy farms were the risk factors of the disease.
Conclusion: Although the prevalence of the infection was lower than other studies, it was still considerable in these groups therefore, it is necessary to improve preventive measures in these groups.
Z Boluki , A Bahonar, K Amiri, H Akbarin, H Sharifi, A Akbari Sari, R Partovi,
Volume 12, Issue 4 (2-2017)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Brucellosis in livestock has led to a significant reduction in the economic capital in Iran. Estimation of the economic losses due to this disease helps to highlight the importance of the disease and makes it easy to justify brucellosis control programs.
Methods: Estimation was done based on the data received from the Iran Veterinary Organization and statistics book of the Iranian Ministry of Agriculture. Economic Loss was estimated assuming the equality of the incidence of the disease in total livestock population with its incidence in tested livestock. The direct costs of culled brucella positive animals, reduced milk production, reduced weight of animal, abortion, and reduced fertility were calculated based on the price of the animal or the product in each year. Due to inflation, the costs were adjusted using the discount rate. Therefore, the losses were compared in each year.
Results: The maximum loss due to brucellosis in the studied period occurred in 2014. Comparison of the losses due to bovine and ovine brucellosis showed that the total economic loss in the sheep and goat population was 5.53 times greater than the loss in the cattle population. Estimation of total economic loss in 12 years of the study was 8,129,116 million IRR (1 USD≅35000 IRR).
Conclusion: More serious attention should be paid to animal brucellosis from both health and economic points of view. Prevention from massive economic losses and human brucellosis control and eradication will not be possible without controlling the disease in the animal population.
Mm Semironi, M Bahrani, Mh Fallah Mehrabadi , N Ranjbar, K Absalanfard, M Tangestani Makan , Mh Rabiee,
Volume 13, Issue 4 (3-2018)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Brucellosis is one of the most important zoonosis diseases. The aim was to estimate the seroprevalence of brucellosis in rural cattle, sheep, and goat of Bushehr Province.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2012-2014. For the cattle population, a total of 118 villages and 891 cattle and for sheep and goat population, a total of 202 villages, 526 flocks, 3064 sheep, and 7182 goats were included. Samples were examined with Rose Bengal, 2-mercaptoethanol and wright tests.
Results: In the cattle population, 28 out of 118 villages (20.34%, CI 95%: 13.94%-28.73%) and 20 out of 891 cattle (3.36%, CI 95%:2.28-4.77%) were seropositive. Additionally, in the sheep and goat population, 89 out of 202 villages (44.06%, CI 95%: 37.10%-51.20%), 142 out of 526 flocks (27%, CI 95%: 23.25%-31%), and 335 out of 10246 sheep and goats (3.27%, CI 95%: 2.93%-3.63%) were seropositive.
The prevalence at the individual level of all animals was 3.53%in 2012 which was significantly higher than 2013 ( 2.59%) (P=0.02). Totally, in 3 years, the prevalence of brucellosis in sheep (3.88%) was significantly higher than goats (3%) (P = 0.02) and the prevalence in female animals (3.52%) was significantly higher than male animals (1.58%) (P <0.001).
Conclusion: Due to the reduction of the prevalence, the test and slaughter policy together with the could further reduce and control the spread of the disease in the animal population.
L Tapak, N Shirmohammadi-Khorram , O Hamidi, Z Maryanaji,
Volume 14, Issue 2 (9-2018)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Identification of statistical models has a great impact on early and accurate detection of outbreaks of infectious diseases and timely warning in health surveillance. This study evaluated and compared the performance of the three data mining techniques in time series prediction of brucellosis.
Methods: In this time series, the data of the human brucellosis cases and climatology parameters of Hamadan, west of Iran, were analyzed on a monthly basis from 2004 (March/April) to 2017 (February/March). The data were split into two subsets of train (80%) and test (20%). Three techniques, i.e. radial basis function (RBF) and multilayer perceptron (MLP) artificial neural network methods as well as K Nearest neighbor (KNN), were used in both subsets. The root mean square errors (RMSE), mean absolute errors (MAE), mean absolute relative errors (MARE), determination coefficient (R2) and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) were used for performance comparison.
Results: Results indicated that RMSE (23.79), MAE (20.65) and MARE (0.25) for MLP were smaller compared to the values of the other two models. The ICC (0.75) and R2 (0.61) values were also better for this model. Thus, the MLP model outperformed the other models in predicting the used data. The most important climatology variable was temperature.
Conclusion: MLP can be effectively applied to diagnose the behavior of brucellosis over time. Further research is necessary to detect the most suitable method for predicting the trend of this disease.
Gh Moradi, S Vahedi, Kh Rahmani, M Zeinali, E Mostafavi, H Erfani, F Bonakdar, Mkh Ghanbari, B Amiri, E Ghaderi, Mm Gouya,
Volume 15, Issue 2 (9-2019)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Iran has long been considered to be one of the countries in the world with endemic brucellosis. The aim of this study was to review the surveillance system of brucellosis in Iran.
Methods: Data of this study were obtained from the surveillance system of the Center for Communicable Disease Control, the review of records, documents, books and published articles and also interviews with process owners and experts of brucellosis surveillance in 2017-2019.
Results: In the current surveillance system in Iran, all patients with brucellosis will undergo standard treatment for at least 2 months. The patient identified at each site, private or public sector, reports to the health center of the city. After reporting cases to higher levels, city health center carried out required epidemiologic investigation in the place of reported case in collaboration with its environmental levels. Finally, the individual assessment form, epidemiologic investigation form, for reported case is completed and registered in national surveillance database.
Conclusion: Although integration of the brucellosis surveillance program into the health system of the country and reporting and treatment of human cases in accordance with the country's protocol in recent years is well executed, brucellosis control in Iran requires the one health approach. Accordingly, it can be concluded that despite the decrease in the number of brucellosis cases in recent years, the weakness in livestock surveillance has led to many fluctuations in the health system's success in providing surveillance for human cases of brucellosis.
F Norouzinezhad, H Erfani, A Norouzinejad, F Kaveh, F Ghaffari,
Volume 15, Issue 4 (1-2020)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Kurdistan Province has always been one of the areas of interest in national disease control programs due to a high number of human brucellosis cases. This study was conducted to explore some of the epidemiological indexes and the trend of the incidence of human brucellosis in this area from 2009 to 2016.
Methods: The target population of this cross-sectional study included the human brucellosis patients living in Kurdistan Province whose disease was diagnosed between 2009 and 2016. The data of 6918 patients were analyzed. The incidence was calculated in 100,000 at-risk population.
Results: The highest incidence was 103.54 in 100,000 in 2014 and the lowest was 23.86 in 100000 in 2010. According to 8-year analysis, the highest incidence rate was seen in Bijar. Male gender, rural dwellers, farmers, ranchers, housewives, and those aged 24-25 years were at a higher risk of the disease based on the results. Most of the patients reported contact with livestock.
Conclusion: Comprehensive measures should be taken to control the infection transmission from domestic animals and their products to humans; moreover, preventing measures should be devised by health policy-makers, especially for villagers, housewives, and men.
