Showing 18 results for Disorder
L Koochmeshgi, T Hosseinzadeh Nik , Mj Kharazi Fard ,
Volume 3, Issue 3 (2-2008)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Malocclusion is not a disease but rather a set of dental deviations, which in some cases can influence quality of life. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of various dento–facial anomalies.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study in 2006 we assessed a sample of 600 randomly selected schoolchildren, with a mean age of 11.97 years, who were attending secondary school in various districts of Karaj. We used questionnaires to obtain information on extracted teeth, crowding, spacing, diastem, the severest disorders in anteriors (maxilla and mandible), overjet, negative overjet, open space between two jaws and antero-posterior molar relationship.
Results: Ninety-nine percent of children had no extracted teeth in maxillary anteriors, while 98.3% had no extracted teeth in mandibular anteriors. In 41.2% of the subjects there was no crowding, and 57.7% of the sample had no spacing. The mean diastem was 0.36 mm and the mean of the most severe disorders in anteriors was 1.08 mm in the maxilla and 0.78 mm in the mandible. Mean overjet was 1.98 mm, mean negative overjet 0.03 mm, and mean open space between two jaws was 0.28 mm. In 58.5% of the subjects the antero–posterior molar relationship was normal. The DIA ranged form 13 to 63, with a mean of 24.12.
Conclusions: This study indicates that over than one-third of the population needs different degrees of orthodontic treatment.
K Razjoyan , R Davari Ashtiani , P Yavari ,
Volume 3, Issue 3 (2-2008)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: This research focused on estimating the mean of Neurological Soft Signs scores in children with Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder and comparing them with normal children.
Methods: We evaluated 25 children with Attention Deficit- Hyperactivity Disorder in the age group of 7-12 years (mean age: 10.16 ± 1.5y) using the DSM-VI Attention Deficit – Hyperactivity Disorder Questionnaire, Conner’s Parents’ Rating Scale, and the 28-item NES Questionnaire. There was no significant age difference between cases and controls. The mean total NES score was 11.4±4.14 in cases and 5.6± 2.79 in controls
(P< 0.0001). Compared to the control group, the cases had significantly more problems with the glabellar reflex, rapid alternative movements and right-left discrimination.
Results: Soft Neurological signs are observed with greater frequency among children with ADHD compared to normal subjects and the difference is more significant in certain domains such as rapid alternative movements, right- left confusion, and glabellar reflex.
Conclusions: Considering the relatively high frequency of soft neurological signs in children with Attention deficit- Hyperactivity Disorder, earlier diagnosis and treatment of the disease might be possible through careful neurological examination.
Neghab M, Hassan Zadeh J,
Volume 4, Issue 3 (3-2009)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: The main purpose of this study was to assess the pulmonary reactions associated with occupational inhalation exposure to raw materials used in ceramic production (RMCP).
Methods: Thirty three male workers with current exposure to RMCP and 20 healthy male unexposed employees, ,with almost identical demographic and socioeconomic status were interviewed and respiratory symptom questionnaires were administered to them. Furthermore, they underwent chest X-ray and lung function tests. Additionally, personal dust monitoring was carried out at dusty work sites. To determine the chemical composition, possible silica phases and SiO2 contents of dust samples, they were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) techniques.
Results: Atmospheric concentrations of dust, that contained 69% SiO2, exceeded current permissible levels. Additionally, exposed workers had higher prevalence rates of regular cough, wheezing, phlegm and shortness of breath. Likewise, their chest radiographs showed some degrees of abnormalities. Furthermore, significant reductions in some parameters of pulmonary functions of exposed workers were noted.
Conclusions: The findings of this study indicate that a strong association exists between exposure to RMCP, prevalence of respiratory symptoms, abnormal changes in chest radiographs and functional impairments of the lungs.
A Choobineh, E Solaymani, A Mohammad Beigi,
Volume 5, Issue 3 (12-2009)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSDs) seen more in workers of manufacturing industry than others. This study was, therefore, conducted to determine prevalence rate of WMSDs symptoms among workers of a metal manufacturing industry in Shiraz.
Methods: In this study, nearly 50% of workers of the production units were randomly selected from corresponding list of each unit. Totally, 156 workers participated in this study. A self-administrated questionnaire was used to collect required data. T-test and Chi-square tests were used to analyze the data.
Results: The results showed that WMSDs occurred in considerable rate among the workers such that 76.9% of the workers studied suffered from some kind of symptoms during the last 12 months. The highest prevalence was reported in the lower back (54.5%) and knees (42.9%). Machine operators and welders reported the highest rate of symptoms. Statistical analyses revealed significant association between age, height, work tenure, weekly work hours, smoking, shift work and the symptoms (P<0.05).
Conclusions: WMSDs symptoms occurrence was prevalent among workers of this industry. To prevent WMSDs symptoms, more attention should be paid to working conditions of the machine operators and the welders, and risk factors for back and knee regions should be reduced.
A Ahmadvand, Z Sepehrmanesh, F Ghoreyshi, F Assarian, Gh A Moosavi, R Saee, F Etesam,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (9-2010)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Mental health is one of the most important public health issues, and it has major contribution in decreasing global burden of diseases .the objective of this study was to estimate the point prevalence rate of mental disorders in the population aged 18 years and over in Kashan city in 2009.
Methods: A classified- randomized sampling method was used. The General Health Questionnaire and clinical interview were employed to determine of mental disorders. data were analyzed by using Spss v. 16 and OR, and Chi-square test.
Results: The overall prevalence rate of mental disorders in Kashan was estimated (29%) (Female= 35/5%). The most prevalent disorders were mood disorders and anxiety disorders (9/3%) and (4/7%) respectively. In total five hundred-five (505) individuals with mental disorders, 32.1% had mood disorders, 25.6% had anxiety disorders, 4.2% had psychotic disorders, 3.4 % had neurological disorders, 3.4% dissociative disorders and 23.7% had other disorders. In this study 7.8% of subject had one mental disorder at least. The prevalence rate was high in people aged 56-65 years (35/8%) and widow (35/8%), illiterate (42/8%) and unemployed (38/8%). There were statistically significant differences between genders, education, and occupation and marital status.
Conclusion: Mental disorder has a priority for any intention intervention by health policy makers. It should be taken into account for any future agenda by ministry of health.
Gr Kheirabadi, Sj Hashemi, S Akbaripour, M Salehi, Mr Maracy,
Volume 8, Issue 3 (12-2012)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: The rate of suicide varies amongst different parts of Iran. Since there is little knowledge about the risk factors for suicide attempts we carried out this study to determine the status of psychiatric disorders and risk factors of repeated attempted suicide in suicide attempters whom admitted to poisoning emergency in Isfahan, Iran.
Methods: Patients with having attempt to suicide, admitted to emergency ward in Khorshid Hospital in Isfahan and were interviewed by a trained psychiatrist during 2009 year. Interview was based on DSM-IV.
Results: Participants consisted of 703 individuals (424 of them were female) with mean age of 25.9±9.7. One hundred twenty five (125) had positive family history of suicide attempt, 501 people were first time suicide attempters, 106 second, 58 third, and the others were forth time or more suicide attempters. Bipolar spectrum disorders, unipolar depression and adjustment disorders were the more frequents psychiatric disorders respectively. Age, family history of suicide, kind of diagnosed psychiatric disorder and method of attempted suicide were meaningfully related to mean of attempt suicide frequency.
Conclusion: Bipolar spectrum disorders, especially recurrent depressive episodes is the major risk of repeated suicide attempt and co-morbidity of another psychiatric disorders increase highly the risk of suicide reattempt.
A Nassi, M Mehrabizade Honarmand, M Shehni Yailagh, S Bassaknejad, A Talebpour,
Volume 8, Issue 3 (12-2012)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: One of the most common anxiety disorders in children is separation anxiety disorder (SAD). The purpose of the present study was to investigate the epidemiology of separation anxiety disorder in Isfahan primary school male student.
Methods: The present study was a descriptive study. The statistical population was all the male students from 7 to 9 years old, studying in second and third grades in primary schools of Isfahan. The sample of study consisted of 1514 male student, who were selected randomly by multi-stage sampling method. The instruments of this study consisted of the Separation Anxiety Disorder Scale, Spence Children's Anxiety Scale and Clinical Interview.
Data obtained were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and chi-square and logistic regression.
Results: The findings showed that the rate of separation anxiety disorder in male (7 to 9 year- old student) was %6/93. SAD were more common in 7 years old (7.4%). Children having record of hospitalization, immigration, single-parent households and close relatives of mortality had a higher rate of separation anxiety disorder.
Conclusion: This study shows that separation anxiety disorder among primary school male students is significantly high. Therefore it is important to consider the potential utility of early anxiety prevention/intervention programs, especially for children at this age group.
E Masoudnia,
Volume 8, Issue 4 (3-2013)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: The etiology of adolescent’s depression is very complex one of variables that has been paid more attention in recent years is using modern communication technology particularly internet. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between problematic cyberspace use and adolescent's depression disorder in Yazd city.
Methods: A total of 535 (218 male and 317 female) high school students were recruited. Internet Addiction Test (IAT) and Child Depression Inventory (CDI) were used to evaluate the presence and severity of problematic internet use and also depression.
Results: Approximately twenty-two percent adolescents (21.7%) met the criteria for problematic cyberspace use. The presence of problematic cyberspace use was significantly associated withdepression, generally
(P < 0.01) and its components: Sadness/Somatic Worries (P < 0.01) Negative Self-Image/ pessimism
(P < 0.01) self-blame (P < 0.01) lethargy (P < 0.01) and isolation (P < 0.01). Hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis showed that problematic cyber use, explained for 23.7% of the variance of depression.
Conclusion: Problematic cyber use is a powerful risk factor for adolescent's mood health and increase the risk of depression disorder among adolescents. Therefore, in order to prevention of negative effects of problematic cyber use on adolescents mood health, behavioral and cognitive interventions to change cyberspace use pattern is seems necessary.
Mr Maracy, S Iranpour, A Esmaillzadeh, Ghr Kheirabadi,
Volume 10, Issue 1 (6-2014)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Since the human diet is a combination of different foods and that this combination will affect the body differently from when these foods are received separately, the evaluation of dietary patterns is of great importance. The primary aim of this study was to examine the association between dietary patterns during pregnancy and postpartum depression.
Methods : This population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted on 771 women who attended the Ardabil's health care network. This study was carried out in a period of 4 months. In this study, systematic random sampling was used. Dietary data was collected using the Willett-format Dish-based 106 items Semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (DS-FFQ) which was designed and validated specifically for Iranian adults. Dietary patterns were identified through exploratory factor analysis based on 34 predefined food groups. In the present study, individuals who obtained a rating of 13 or higher were considered to be suffering from postpartum depression. Logistic regression was used to estimate OR and 95% CI for postpartum depression in each quartile of patterns.
Results : In the present study, three dietary patterns were identified: mixed dietary pattern, semi-healthy dietary pattern, and fruits and vegetables dietary pattern. The last one was significantly associated with a reduced risk of postpartum depression.
Conclusion : The findings show that a diet of fruits and vegetables during pregnancy is associated with a reduction in the risk of PPD. Additional studies are recommended to confirm these finding.
M Habibi, Kh Moradi, M Pooravari, S Salehi,
Volume 11, Issue 1 (6-2015)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: This study examined the prevalence of behavioral disorders in middle and high school students in the Province of Qom.
Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive design was employed to investigate 762 students (382 middle and 380 high school students) who were selected through a multi-stage cluster sampling method. Data collection was performed suing the Woodworth Personal Data Sheet (WPDS), and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square test.
Results: The finding showed that the prevalence of behavioral problems in the total sample, and middle and high school students was 19.82, 22.72, and 17.1%, respectively. The prevalence of behavioral problems was higher in boys versus girls, is the middle school versus the high school, and in urban areas versus rural areas. The aggressive disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder – Psychasthenia had the highest and lowest prevalence in both the middle and high school students, respectively. The educational level of students, parental education, parental divorce, parental death, and family income had significant relationships with behavioral disorders.
Conclusion: The prevalence of behavioral problems in the Province of Qom was found to be in the middle range in comparison with other studies conducted within and outside the country. However, attention should be paid to mental health policy-making in adolescents to decrease behavioral problems and prevent future issues.
N , M Farajollahi, Z Esmaeili,
Volume 13, Issue 1 (6-2017)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: One of the most common anxiety disorders in children is social anxiety disorder (SAD). The purpose of the present study was to investigate the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of social anxiety disorder in students in Kermanshah, Iran.
Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional study. The statistical population was all school students aged 13-17 years old in the secondary schools of Kermanshah. According to Krejcie and Morgan Table and multi-stage cluster sampling, 760 students were selected who completed a questionnaire on demographic variables as well as the Social Anxiety Scales for Children and Adolescents (SAS-CA). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and logistic regression analysis with the SPSS-19 software. P values≤0.05 were considered significant.
Results: The results showed that the prevalence of social anxiety disorder in the whole population was 80.18%. The prevalence was higher in female students than male students. The severity of social anxiety disorder was moderate in 12.25%, severe in 4.90%, and very severe in 1.70% of the students. Parental education, parental occupation, number of family members, average household income, and family history of psychiatric disorders had a significant relationship with the prevalence of SAD in students (P<0.05) but this relationship was not significant for the mode of delivery (P>0.05).
Conclusion: This study shows that the prevalence of social anxiety disorder is significantly high among middle school students. Therefore, it is important to consider early anxiety prevention/intervention programs, especially for children in this age group.
H Rafiemanesh , A Rahimi Movaghar , S Nedjat, A Noroozi, K Yazdani,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (9-2017)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: People with high risk alcohol use disorders are influenced by behaviors that have devastating consequences for them and those around them. The main objective for alcohol screening is to identify people with alcohol use disorders, or people who are at high risk for progression to these disorders. Several screening tools have been designed for this purpose. The aim of this study was to introduce and review important screening tools for identification of alcohol use disorders and problems in the world.
Methods: In this narrative review study, we searched the Web of Science (ISI), PubMed, and Scopus databases using Alcohol, Tools or Instruments, Test, Problem, Use and Use disorder as keywords for finding screening tools for identification of alcohol use problems and disorders. Finally, 10 instruments were introduced.
Results: The most common screening tools for identification of alcohol use disorders and problems were Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT), CAGE, Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST), as well as T-ACE and TWEAK that are specifically used for evaluation of alcohol consumption in pregnant women. The short forms of the AUDIT, RAPS, POSIT, and CRAFFT are other tests for alcohol consumption.
Conclusion: Several screening tools have been designed for identification of alcohol use disorders and problems; therefore, n appropriate screening test should be selected and implemented with regards to the purpose of screening, research questions, and study population.
J Ahmadpour, Sz Asghari, Ar Soltanian, Y Mohammadi, J Poorolajal,
Volume 14, Issue 1 (6-2018)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: This study assessed the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the standard "Problematic Internet Use" questionnaire to be used in epidemiological studies.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in 2016. This questionnaire comprises five domains, including preference for online social interaction, mood regulation, cognitive preoccupation, compulsive Internet use, and negative outcomes. The questionnaire has 15 questions with a total score ranges from 15 to 105. A score of 15-45 indicates a normal state, a score of 46-65 shows a mild disorder, a score of 66-85 suggests a moderate disorder, and a score of 86-105 reveals a severe disorder.
Results: Three hundred and seven students (31.1%) had a normal score, 445 (45.1%) had a mild disorder, 191 (19.4%) had a moderate disorder, and 43 (4.4%) had a severe disorder. Based on CVR, 10 questions had a validity of 100%, 3 questions had a validity of 80%, 1 question had a validity of 40%, and 1 question had a validity of zero. The overall validity of the questionnaire was 85.3%. Based on alpha coefficient, the reliability of the domain of preference for online social interaction, mood regulation, cognitive preoccupation, compulsive Internet use, and negative outcomes was 87.6%, 91.1%, 89.8%, 90.8%, and 86.2%, respectively. The overall reliability of the questionnaire was 92.5%.
Conclusion: The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were high; thus, it can be used as a standard tool in epidemiological studies to explore the pathology of injuries related to the Internet and social networks.
F Ranjkesh, M Nasiri, Sh Sharif Nia , Ah Goudarzian, Sz Hosseinigolafshani ,
Volume 14, Issue 4 (3-2019)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: One of the most common problems during pregnancy is sleep disorders, which is the result of physiological, hormonal and physical changes in pregnancy and can be the basis for many disorders before, during, and after delivery. The aim of this study was to determine the psychometric properties of the persion version of Sleep Condition Indicator in a sample of Iranian pregnant women.
Methods: In present study, 300 pregnant women reffered to health center of Kowsar (affiliated to Qazvin University of Medical Sciences) that were gathered via accesible sampling method, completed the Sleep Condition Indicator in 2017. Face, content, and construct validity (convergent and divergent validity) and reliability of selected questionnaire were calculated.
Results: The results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis showed two sustained and distinct factors, including quantity in sleep quality and the consequences of low sleep quality. The two-factor fit of Sleep Condition Indicator was approved based on standard indicators. Convergent and divergent validity were acceptable for all factors. Moreover, the internal consistency and reliability of the construct were also acceptable.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the Sleep Condition Indicator is valid and reliable among pregnant women, so it seems that this tool can be used to screen sleep disorders in women during pregnancy.
Aa Abbasi, Hr Bahrami, B Beygi, E Musa Farkhani, V Vakili, F Rezaee Talab , R Eftekhari Gol , M Talebi,
Volume 15, Issue 2 (9-2019)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Sleep disorders include problems involving the quality, timing and amount of sleep, which cause decreased functioning and discomfort during the daytime. Considering the importance of sleep in health and quality of life and the probability of the related disorders in the elderly, this study was conducted to investigate sleep disorders and their risk factors in an elderly population covered by Mashhad University of Medical Sciences.
Methods: We conducted one of the largest population-based cross-sectional studies in an elderly population covered by Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in 2016. In this study, a total 8496 elderly people aged 60-90 years old with sleep disorders were compared with 35041 elderly subjects without complaints. Data were extracted from the Sina Electronic Health Record System. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were carried out using the STATA ® version 14 to determine associations between independent variables and sleep disorders.
Results: In multivariate analysis, male gender (AOR=0.58; 95% CI: 0.55-0.61), being married (AOR=0.88; 95% CI: 0.83-0.93), overweight and lightweight compared to normal weight (AOR=1.27; 95% CI: 1.21-1.34 and AOR=1.20; 95% CI: 1.04-1.38, respectively), smoking (AOR=2.22; 95% C.I: 2.05-2.40), high blood pressure (AOR=1.44; 95% C.I: 1.37-1.52), diabetes (AOR= 1.49; 95% C.I: 1.40-1.58) and depression (AOR=3.05; 95% C.I: 2.74-3.38) variable remained in the final model after adjusting for confounders.
Conclusion: In this study, gender, marital status, body mass index, smoking, blood pressure, diabetes and depression were the main determinants of sleep disorders. It is necessary to identify the risk factors and perform appropriate interventions to improve the sleep.
Sh Hasanzadeh, H Sadeghi Bazargani , M Hashemiparast, M Asghari Jafarabadi ,
Volume 15, Issue 4 (1-2020)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the predictability of the PLS-SEM model for injuries resulting in hospitalization in motorcyclists using a mediator variable in a case-control study.
Methods: In this case-control study, 300 cases and 156 controls were randomly selected from 150 clusters using random cluster sampling. The data were collected using the motorcycle riding behavior (MRB) questionnaire, adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) questionnaire (subscales) and a checklist containing motorcycle related variables.
Results: The motorcycle riding behavior, adult ADHD, motorcycling related variables and some demographic variables were found to be the predictors of injury. There were significant positive relationships between injury and motorcycling related variables (B=0.20, P=0.001) and ADHD (B=0.33, P=0.001), between MRB and motorcycling related variables (B=0.51, P=0.001) and ADHD (B=0.52, P=0.001), and between ADHD and motorcycling related variables (B=0.39, P=0.001).
Conclusion: Considering the more accurate results of PLS-SEM, the intervention programs should especially address those who have hyperactive children, those who use the cellphone while riding, and those who ride in dark hours of the night.
Saeed Ghavi, Rafat Asarzadeh, Somayeh Derakhshan, Simin Poursaman, Fereshteh Sohrabivafa,
Volume 18, Issue 4 (3-2023)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: In December 2019, a novel coronavirus was discovered in Wuhan, China, leading to the global outbreak of COVID-19. The rapid transmission of the virus, the emergence of various strains, disparities in community vaccination, and the high mortality rate have presented significant health challenges to countries worldwide. Against this backdrop, this study aimed to assess the mental health status of women in the workforce during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: The study employed a systematic review approach, conducting keyword searches on databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The search terms included "Covid-19 Virus Infection," "Covid-19 Pandemic," "Coronavirus," "Alphacoronavirus," "Bat Coronavirus," "Mental health," "Psychological," "Working women," "Working woman," and "Employee women." Articles published between 2019 and 2021 were collected and evaluated. A total of 11 articles met the inclusion criteria for data extraction and were analyzed.
Results: The reviewed studies identified several significant psychological consequences, with anxiety being reported in 82% of the articles, followed by stress (73%) and depression (64%). The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated negative psychological effects among working women, including those in hospital settings and those working remotely.
Conclusion: A multitude of factors contribute to the experience of COVID-19-related stress among women. These include health disparities, lower professional status, worries about personal health, family and community well-being, financial uncertainties, childcare responsibilities, and decreased social connections. As a result, stress-related disorders such as anxiety, depression, sleep disorders, insomnia, and burnout tend to manifest more severely in working women compared to men in comparable positions.
Tahereh Tiemori, Marjan Ajami, Sareh Shakerian, Morteza Abdollahi,
Volume 20, Issue 2 (9-2024)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Evidence shows that blood lipid disorders in people are influenced by their unhealthy diet. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the dietary pattern of people with lipid disorders and the status of non-communicable diseases in the studied population.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 patients with lipid disorders. The participants were selected among people with lipids who referred to comprehensive health service centers in Alvand city by multistage sampling method. The data were collected using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The findings were analyzed by SPSS software.
Results: Three dietary patterns including healthy, unhealthy and average were identified in the research participants. Most people (66.3%) followed a moderate dietary pattern. Also, 85% of people were overweight or obese. The results of the logistic regression analysis showed that an unhealthy eating pattern increases the likelihood of developing diseases by 2.267 times compared to a healthy eating pattern. It also showed that with increasing age, the probability of contracting the disease increases by 1.093. Also, there was a significant relationship between food pattern and education level (P<0.05). In this study, there was no significant relationship between age, marital status of people and their food pattern (P>0.05).
Conclusion: The results showed that people who follow an unhealthy food pattern have more non-communicable diseases. Therefore, it seems that modifying the food pattern through nutrition education is appropriate and can be effective in preventing other non-communicable diseases in the future.
