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Showing 4 results for Ecologic
Inequality-Adjusted Human Development Index as an Important Predictor of Deaths Caused by Non-Communicable Diseases in the World and Iran: An Ecological Study
M Hadian, M Tajvar, Ms Yekani Nejad , M Arab,
Volume 16, Issue 2 (8-2020)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The main purpose of this study was to compare the predictive power of the Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) with the Human Development Index (HDI) with regard to the share of deaths caused by Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD) among all deaths in the world and Iran.
 
Methods: The data required for this cross-sectional ecological study were extracted from the reports of the United Nations Human Development Program and the WHO in 2015. Pearson correlation test was used to investigate the correlation of HDI and IHDI with the share of deaths caused by NCDs and linear regressions models were used to determine the associations of IHDI and HDI with the dependent variable.
 
Results: At a significant level of P<0.01, the dependent variable showed a strong positive correlation with HDI (0.892) and IHDI (0.899). Simple linear regression showed that HDI alone predicted the dependent variable well (Adj.R2=0.794, P<0.001).However, according to the multivariate linear regression model, when IHDI and HDI were included in the model, IHDI was able to predict the dependent variable well (Adj.R2=0.809, P=0.001), while the relationship between HDI and the dependent variable was no longer significant.
 
Conclusion: Although HDI alone is an important predictor of NCD status, it loses its influence in the presence of IHDI. Therefore, in addition to HDI, IHDI that illustrates the impact of inequality on human development can provide more information on the status of deaths caused by NCDs.
 
Modeling Spatial-Temporal Variations of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Incidence in Southern, Razavi and Northern Khorasan Provinces Based on Environmental and Ecological Criteria in Northeast Iran Mohammad Javanbakht1 , Maysam Argany2 , Kayvan Ezimand
M Javanbakht, M Argani, K Ezimand, A Saghafipour,
Volume 17, Issue 1 (5-2021)
Abstract
 
Background and Objectives: Environmental conditions in different geographical areas provide a basis for the spread of some diseases. Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a serious threat to public health and is one of the arthropod-borne diseases. The prevalence and distribution of this disease is affected by environmental and climatic factors. The aim of this study was to model the Spatio-temporal variations in the incidence rate of this disease based on environmental and ecological criteria.
 
Methods: The northeast of Iran was selected as the study area. The data used in this study included vegetation, surface temperature, precipitation, evapotranspiration, soil moisture, digital elevation model and sunny hours. The artificial neural network method was used to model the spatio-temporal changes of cutaneous leishmaniasis.
 
Results: Spatial variations in the incidence of the disease had a north-south trend and decreased from north to south. In addition, two foci were identified in the medium altitude areas in North and South Khorasan provinces. Temporal variations in the incidence of disease in the study period showed that the incidence rate decreased in the two identified foci from 2011 to 2016.
 
Conclusion: The modeling results showed that the estimated regression coefficient was 0.92 for neural network based on all three types of data (training, validation, test) indicating good quality of constructed neural network.  In addition, sensitivity analysis results showed that sunny hours and soil moisture were the most important factors in the model function.
Investigating the Impact of Climatic and Environmental Factors on the Epidemiology of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Iran: A Review Study
Mostafa Talebi, Sareh Shakerian,
Volume 19, Issue 3 (12-2023)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Cutaneous Leishmaniasis is a significant endemic diseases in Iran, leading to skin lesions, lifelong scars, and social stigma. This study aims to investigate the influence of climatic and ecological factors on the prevalence of cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Iran.
Methods: This study employed a narrative review approach. A comprehensive search was conducted using key terms such as 'skin Leishmaniasis', 'cutaneous Leishmaniasis', 'climatic factors,' and 'environmental factors' in both national and international databases. All relevant research was included without limitations on location, time, or research methodology.
Results: The initial search yielded 823625 articles. After refining the search keywords and conducting initial screening, 184 studies remained following the removal of duplicate articles. Subsequent screening for eligibility further narrowed down the selection to 30. The inclusion of 6 master theses brought the final number of studies for review to 36. A review of the studies showed a significant association between certain climatic factors, including temperature, humidity, hours of sunshine, and rainfall, and the incidence of cutaneous Leishmaniasis, across various geographical regions in the country. The relationship between factors such as vegetation, wind, and the number of disease cases had different results in different parts of the country.
Conclusion: The results of the present study show the effect of climatic and environmental factors on the rate of cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the country. Considering that the effect of these factors is not the same in all parts of the country, it is necessary to implement effective preventive measures to reduce the disease burden according to the needs of each geographical area.
 

Association of Infertility with Socioeconomic Indicators in Iran: An Ecological Study
Fatemeh-Sadat Hosseini, Farzad Younesian, Masud Yunesian,
Volume 21, Issue 3 (12-2025)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Infertility, as one of the most critical public health and reproductive issues globally, has extensive impacts on the physical, psychological, and social well-being of couples. Previous studies have shown that socioeconomic components, alongside biological variables, influence the occurrence and aggravation of infertility. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between some socioeconomic variables and prevalence of infertility at the province level.
Methods: This ecological study examined the relationship between infertility (dependent variable) and key socioeconomic indicators (independent variables) at the provincial level in Iran. Primary and secondary infertility defined using lifetime clinical, current clinical, and epidemiological definitions served as dependent variables. Statistical analysis employed univariate and multiple linear regression using the stepwise method, with a significance level of 0.05.
Results: Although numerous variables showed significant associations with infertility in simple regression models, only illiteracy and unemployment rates in the multiple regression model retained significant relationships with infertility. Furthermore, unemployment retained its significance only in epidemiological definition of primary infertility at the multiple model. Other variables lost their significance.
Conclusion: Provincial illiteracy rates emerged as the strongest predictor of infertility prevalence. Illiteracy is directly associated with infertility and also represents an important indicator of broader socioeconomic conditions. However, due to its ecological design, this study cannot distinguish between these two pathways.

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