Showing 7 results for Epidemiological
S Bokaie, L Sharifi, S Mamishi, A Nadim,
Volume 1, Issue 3 (2-2006)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Kala azar is a parasitic disease which belongs to the category of metazoonoses (a communicable disease which requires at least to an invertebrate host), In Iran canines are major reservoir for it and most of patients are 6 months to 2 years old. The aim of this study was evaluation of the clinical and epidemiologic aspects of visceral leishmaniasis in patients visiting the Children Medical Center over the 12 past years.
Methods: This study used the hospital records of a case series of 106 kala azar patients hospitalized in the Children's Medical Center between 1991 and 2001. We extracted and analyzed data on geographical location, background factors, clinical and laboratory findings, response to treatment and Glucantimeâ side effects.
Results: The greatest number of cases was seen in 1992 and the smallest number in 1993 and 2003 the number of cases peaked in the spring. Most patients referred to the Center are aged 1 to 4 years, and there is a strong preponderance of males (82.1% vs 17.9%). The majority of these children came from families in which the breadwinner was a peasants or a laborer. Common laboratory findings included anemia, rising ESR titers and thrombocytopenia. The most striking clinical signs and symptoms were fever, splenomegaly and hepatomegaly. Eighty-three percent of the patients had shown clinical improvement, 1.9% had died and 15.1% had relapsed. Moreover, in 52.8% of cases, the disease was treated successfully with within 2 weeks the incidence of Glucantimâ side effects was low. The cities of Khorramabad, Karaj and Saveh had produced the greatest numbers of cases.
Conclusions: Compared to other studies, our case series showed a higher proportion of male patients and a somewhat different clinical and laboratory profile. However, the most important achievement of this study was identification of major endemic foci in Ardabil province, northwestern parts of Ghom province, Khorramabad, and regions located south of the Alborz Mountains (e.g. Saveh
M Rafiei, A Seyfi,
Volume 4, Issue 3 (3-2009)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Suicide is considered as an important cause of death in many societies. Although many factors involve, there are inadequate information in this field. The aim of this study was to determine related factor in individual who attempted suicide in Arak university of medical sciences (AUMS) hospitals in 1384 to 1386.
Methods: This study was an observational study which was carried out in all attempted suicide in all hospitals affiliated to (AUMS) from 2004 to 2007 year. Demographic information, time of suicide, the number of suicide, the result of suicide, the form of suicide, emotion and history of suicide, material chronic and mental disorder were asked by completing a questionnaire and/or interview with individuals.
Results: Totally 4226 persons attempted to suicide during the 3 years. The mean age for attempted suicide was 24.95 9.72 years and for successful suicide was 29.79 13.72 years. Approximately 60% was female. Near 80% of female were lower than 30 years old. Around 60 percent had high school degree. Familial dispute was the major risk factor in attempting to suicide. 82.5 % of persons used drug for their attempt to suicide. Nearly three percent of all suicide was successful.
Conclusions: With regard to the lower rate of attempting suicide in this area, this important issue should be considered for health policy makers in Arak area.
M Qorbani , M Yunesian ,
Volume 5, Issue 4 (3-2010)
Abstract
London fog obviously revealed the role of air pollution in increasing mortality and morbidity rates associated with this phenomenon but several studies in the 70’s and 80’s couldn’t establish sufficient link between air pollution and death. In the 1990’s, time series studies conducted in a different locations, showed that air pollution levels, even at lower concentrations, were associated with increased rates of morbidity and mortality in several cities in all over the world. Since several studies have been designed for investigating the association between air pollution and health outcomes in recent years with controversial conclusions, this article reviews the latest studies in this field. We also will mention main strengths and weaknesses of epidemiological designs including time-series, case-crossover, cross sectional, panel and cohort studies in indoor and outdoor air pollution epidemiology.
Gh Moradi, M Sehat, Aa Haghdoost, M Karami, R Chaman, Z Khazaei, E Goudarzi, M Asadi Lari, E Mostafavi, K Holakouie Naieni ,
Volume 12, Issue 0 (3-2017)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Epidemiology is a tool and a field of science which provides evidences necessary to make decisions. It is known as one of the basic sciences of public health. This study aimed to identify strategies for the promotion of epidemiology by Iranian Epidemiological Association so that people graduated in this field would become able to play an effective and positive role in different parts of the country.
Methods: This study was conducted in 2015. The views and opinions of the members of Iranian Epidemiological Association were collected by email. The views of the members were classified using qualitative methods.
Results: The results of this study helped to identify some of the strategies for the promotion of the position of epidemiology in Iran’s health system by the members of Iranian Epidemiological Association.
Conclusion: Iranian Epidemiological Association can play a more effective role in the promotion of epidemiology in the health system. Effective communication with the members, holding group meetings, advocacy and negotiation, reporting the activities of the Association continuously, identifying national problems and seeking solutions are some of the strategies that can help to enhance the role of the Association and promote the position of epidemiologists in Iran.
Gh Moradi, M Sehat, Aa Haghdoost, M Karami, R Chaman, Z Khazaei, E Goudarzi, M Asadi Lari, E Mostafavi, K Holakouie Naieni,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (9-2017)
Abstract
Background and objective: Epidemiology is a tool and a field of Medical sciences which provides evidences necessary to make scientific decisions. This study aimed to identify strategies for the promotion of the epidemiology by Iranian Epidemiological Association (IrEA) so that people graduated in this field would become able to play an effective and positive role in different parts of the country.
Methods: This study was conducted in 2015. The views and opinions of the members of IrEA were collected by email. The views of the members were classified using qualitative methods.
Results: The results of this study helped to identify some of the strategies for the promotion of the position of epidemiology in Iran health system by the members of IrEA.
Conclusion: IrEA can play a more effective role in the promotion of this field of study in the health system. Effective communication with the members, holding group meetings, advocacy and negotiation, reporting the activities of the association continuously, identifying national problems and seeking solutions are some of the strategies that can help to enhance the role of the community and promote the position of epidemiologists in Iran.
Mr Jamali, A Shojaee, M Ghanadi, J Jamali,
Volume 14, Issue 2 (9-2018)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Evaluation of the epidemiologic pattern of diseases requiring hospitalization is one of the effective factors in better management of hospitals, which can provide health managers and planners with a realistic and appropriate view on procuring the equipment and furnishing and equipping the hospitals in the country. This study was conducted to investigate this pattern based on the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) using the information recorded in Tehran Health Insurance Organization in a ten-year period.
Methods: In this descriptive research, we examined all records of hospitalized cases registered in the hospital information system of Tehran Health Insurance Organization during 2005 to 2014. The data of more than two million records, including case number, gender, and age of the patients as well as the diagnosis code were extracted from the hospital information system.
Results: From 2008859 cases, 51.9% of patients were male and the mean age of the patients was 24.60±44.22 years. In children less than one year, “certain conditions originating in the perinatal period”, in children aged one to four years “symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified”, in children 5 to 14 years “neoplasm”, in patients 15 to 44 years “pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium”, and in patients above 45 years, “diseases of the circulatory system” were the most common diagnostic categories in hospitalized insured patients.
Conclusion: Due the specialization of diseases and various causes of hospitalization, to prevent wastage of financial and human resources, health policymakers and planners should allocate resources to insurance companies according to the scope of their activities.
Kiumarss Nasseri,
Volume 18, Issue 2 (9-2022)
Abstract
Epidemiology is generally defined as the basic science and art of disease prevention and health promotion. Historically, it began with the accounting of death in major epidemics in the Middle Ages. Over the years, it has evolved into the basic science and art of dealing with mass phenomena of disease occurrence and public health. It is now gaining eminence in dealing with all kinds of mass phenomena beyond disease and public health.
Prior to the 1970s when teaching of epidemiology became a distinct training in academia, most epidemiologists were highly experienced practitioners of infectious and parasitic diseases and drew from their vast experiences in suggesting interventions for infectious disease control. With the prominence of non-infectious and chronic diseases, the need for special training with particular emphasis on biostatistics became apparent and has extensively developed to the present state. In Iran, epidemiological practice and training began with the national efforts in combating the main scourges of Malaria, Trachoma, Schistosoma infestation, cholera, and other diseases that impacted the country with high endemicity and regular epidemic outbreaks. This brief paper describes the development of epidemiology training in Iran in more detail.
