Showing 5 results for Infant
Y Mehrabi, E Maraghi, H Alavi Majd, Me Motlagh,
Volume 6, Issue 3 (12-2010)
Abstract
Background and objective: Disease or mortality mapping are statistical methods aimed at providing precise estimates of rates across geographical maps. The aim of this research is to improve the precision of relative risk (RR) estimates of infant mortality (IM) for different rural areas, using empirical and full Bayesian methods.
Methods: Infant mortality data were extracted from the vital horoscope (Zij-Hayati) for years 2001 and 2006 across rural areas of Iran. Maximum Likelihood, Empirical Bayes with Poisson-Gamma model and full Bayesian models were used. Mont Carlo Markov Chain method was used for latter models. Deviance information criterion (DIC) was computed to check the models fittings. R, WinBUGS and Arc GIS software were employed.
Results: Based on the full Bayesian method, the highest RR of infant mortality was 1.73 (95%CI: 1.58-1.88) in year 2001 and 1.62 (95%CI: 1.50-1.75) in 2006 which belonged to Sistan-va-Blouchestan area in comparison to the whole country. In 2001, the rural areas of Birjand (1.45), Kordistan (1.23) and Khorasan (1.21) and in 2006, Birjand (1.42), Zanjan (1.39), Kordistan (1.36), Ardebil (1.32), Zabol (1.28), West Azerbaijan (1.18) and finally Golestan (1.14) had significant RR of IM (all p<0.05). The lowest RR of infant mortality for year 2001 were belong to rural areas of Tehran University (0.56) and for year 2006 to former Iran University (0.52).
Conclusion: To estimate the mortality map parameters, the full Bayesian method is preferred compared to empirical Bayes and maximum likelihood.
Am Mosadeghrad, A Pour Reza , N Abolhasan Beigi Galezan , Sh Shahebrahimi,
Volume 14, Issue 4 (3-2019)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Human Development Index (HDI) is an important indicator of a country’s development. On the other hand, mortality indicators are the most important indicators of the health of a society. This study aimed to examine the association between HDI and maternal, neonatal, infant, and under-five mortality rates in Iran between 2005 and 2016.
Methods: This longitudinal study was conducted using data collected from Iran Statistics Center, World Health Organization, and United Nations Development Program. SPSS software version 22 was used for data analysis. Pearson correlation test was applied to examine the correlation between HDI and mortality rates. Regression analysis was used to measure the effect of HDI on mortality rates.
Results: HDI increased from 0.690 in 2005 to 0.774 in 2016 (12% rise). Maternal, neonatal, infant, and under-five mortality rates decreased by 26, 41, 52, and 42% in 2016 compared to 2005, respectively. HDI had a significant indirect association with maternal (-0.973), neonatal (-0.983), infant (-0.739), and under-five mortality (-0.987). An increase of 0.01 in HDI reduced 1 maternal death per 100,000 births. An increase of 0.014, 0.009, and 0.008 in HDI decreased one neonatal, infant, and under-five death per 1000 births.
Conclusion: The results showed that increased HDI correlated with decreased mortality rates. Therefore, policy-makers should pay more attention to socio
M Enayatrad, Hr Tabatabaee, S Mahdavi, T Valadbeig, K Etemad, Sh Rezaeian , H Yaghoobi , F Zolfizadeh, M Hajipour,
Volume 15, Issue 2 (9-2019)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: One of the causes of neonatal death and death in children under the age of five is premature birth of infants. The purpose of this study was to identify the risk factors associated with preterm infant birth in pregnant women.
Methods: This is a case-control study on mothers referring to comprehensive health centers in the provinces of the country. Descriptive analysis of variables was reported as percentage and frequency. In data analysis, logistic regression analysis was used at a significant level less than 0.05.
Results: In this study, 2463 pregnant women (668 cases as cases and 1795 as controls) were examined. There was a significant relationship between the place of residence (OR=0.702, P=0.002), level of maternal education (OR=1.920, P=0.027), degree of twin (OR=4.953, P=0.001), interval between pregnancies (OR=1.821, P=0.009), specific disease (OR=1.694, P=0.010), nutritional status of the mother (OR=1.420, P=0.024), physical activity (OR=1.591, P=0.001), Sleep patterns (OR=0.634, P=0.008) and history of stillbirth (OR=0.247, P=0.001) associated with the birth of premature infants.
Conclusion: Preterm infant birth is one of the main causes of neonatal death. Therefore, some of the birth defects of the premature baby can be prevented. It is possible to reduce the risk factors for the birth of a premature baby by improving the quality of pregnancy care and changing the lifestyle of the pregnant mother, and by raising awareness and creating a healthy and safe environment for the mother.
Ha Nikbakht, H Ghaem, Hr Tabatabaee, A Mirahmadizadeh, S Hassanipour, S Zahmatkesh, A Hemmati, F Moradi, A Abbasi,
Volume 15, Issue 3 (11-2019)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Anthropometric indices, especially weight, provide useful information for the care and treatment of newborn infants and can be used to identify infants at risk. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the mean weight, height and head circumference measurements of infants and some related factors.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed to investigate the anthropometric indices (weight, height and head circumference), demographic characteristics, and delivery data of 1484 newborns in 2016 using multi-stage sampling. Moreover, the predictors of these indices were analyzed using a linear regression model.
Results: The mean weight, height and head circumference of the newborn infants was 3185 ± 465 g, 49.92 ± 2.92 cm, and 34.58 ± 2.29 cm respectively, and 7% of newborns were low birth weight. The male newborns weighed 57.29 g more than females on average at birth (p <0.05). Besides, the height and head circumference of the male newborns were 0.15 and 0.10 cm larger than the female newborns respectively but the difference was not statistically significant. In addition to gender, gestational age at birth (week) and type of delivery correlated with all three anthropometric indices in multivariate analysis.
Conclusion: Identifying and controlling largely adjustable risk factors can make it possible to prevent low anthropometric parameters, particularly low birth weight.
Sara Najibi, Shadab Shahali, Kh Hekmat, Bahman Cheraghian,
Volume 17, Issue 2 (9-2021)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Child growth health is one of the most important issues that determines the community health. Considering the importance of mothers in family and healthy society, the aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between maternal employment status and infant growth during the 9-12 months in Ahwaz.
Methods: In this prospective cohort study, 345 nine-month infants of three groups of mothers including full time employees, part-time employees, and homemakers were selected using non-probability quotas sampling method. Data was collected using a researcher-made questionnaire and analyzed with the SPSS software version 22 using statistical tests such as chi-square, anova.
Results: In the full-time job group, 54.2% of the infants had favorable weights and 45.8% had unfavorable weights. In the part-time group, 69.6% of the infants had favorable weights and 30.4% had unfavorable weights. In the homemaker group, 68.7% of the infants had favorable weights and 31.3% had unfavorable weights. There was a significant difference in the infant’s weight between full-time and part-time job groups
(P= 0.01) and the full-time job and homemaker group (P= 0.04) but there was no significant deference in the infant’s weight between the part-time job and homemaker group (P= 0.87). No significant association was found between maternal employment status and infant’s height (P= 0.11) and head circumference as well (0.08).
Conclusion: The growth status of infants with full-time working mothers was lower than that of infants with homemaker and part-time working mothers. It is recommended to reduce the working time of the mothers who have full-time jobs as long as they breastfeed their babies.
