H Sabbaghian,
Volume 1, Issue 3 (2-2006)
Abstract
Zoonoses are disease and/or infection naturally transmissible between vertebrate animals and humans. Emerging zoonoses are defined by the WHO/FAO/OIE joint consultation on emerging zoonotic disease held in Geneva, 3-5 may 2004 as "diseases which are newly recognized or newly evolved or that have occurred previously but show an increase in incidence or expansion in geographical, host or vector range". The number of emerging zoonoses has increased dramatically over the last few decades, with potentially serious human and economic impact worldwide. Many factors are behind the emergence of these zoonotic diseases. Intensive animal husbandry and changes in the production and distribution of food and other commodities, climatic and environmental changes, rapid transportation of human and animals, changes in life style and increased animal contacts are some of the factors that could introduce a new disease in a particular area. Viral infectious agents are more prone to mutation and sudden or gradual change and expansion to new geographical areas or hosts. In this article we briefly discuss some of the zoonotic diseases which may have potential health effects in Iran, such as avian influenza, West Nile viruses, Rift Valley fever, Congo-Crimean hemorrhagic fever, Lassa fever, Sars, and Ebola Marburg hemorrhagic disease.
F Norouzinezhad, H Erfani, A Norouzinejad, F Kaveh, F Ghaffari,
Volume 15, Issue 4 (1-2020)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Kurdistan Province has always been one of the areas of interest in national disease control programs due to a high number of human brucellosis cases. This study was conducted to explore some of the epidemiological indexes and the trend of the incidence of human brucellosis in this area from 2009 to 2016.
Methods: The target population of this cross-sectional study included the human brucellosis patients living in Kurdistan Province whose disease was diagnosed between 2009 and 2016. The data of 6918 patients were analyzed. The incidence was calculated in 100,000 at-risk population.
Results: The highest incidence was 103.54 in 100,000 in 2014 and the lowest was 23.86 in 100000 in 2010. According to 8-year analysis, the highest incidence rate was seen in Bijar. Male gender, rural dwellers, farmers, ranchers, housewives, and those aged 24-25 years were at a higher risk of the disease based on the results. Most of the patients reported contact with livestock.
Conclusion: Comprehensive measures should be taken to control the infection transmission from domestic animals and their products to humans; moreover, preventing measures should be devised by health policy-makers, especially for villagers, housewives, and men.
