Showing 8 results for Injuries
A Seraji, Hr Koohestani, N Baghcheghi, K Rezaei,
Volume 7, Issue 3 (12-2011)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Nursing and midwifery students are at risk needlestick/sharps injuries (NSIs/Sis). Actual number of NSIs/SIs among students due to insufficient reporting it is not clear in Iran. The aim of this study was to explore the barriers of not reporting of NSIs/SIs among nursing students.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Arak University of Medical Sciences in 2009. 207 and 68 nursing and midwifery students were participated in study, respectively. A questionnaire, consisting two sections of demographic information and questions about exposure to (NSIs/SIs) and frequency and barrier reporting of NSIs/SIs, was completed by students.
Results: According to the findings, 43% and 20.5% of nursing and midwifery students had experienced at least one contaminated NSIs/Sis in the past 12 months. Only 44.9 % (n=40) and 50% (n=7) of the nursing and midwifery who had experienced NSIs/Sis in the previous year, were reported all exposures to NSIs/Sis, respectively. The most important the reasons for not reporting injuries consisted of low probabilities of the infection risk of the injury source, not familiar with reporting process and fear of decreasing evaluation score.
Conclusion: NSIs/SIs and non-reporting of NSIs/SIs were highly prevalent in nursing and midwifery students. More education programs should be directed at students to increase their awareness of about NSIs/SIs. Also nursing and midwifery student’s instructors should give positive responses to nursing students for reporting NSIs/SIs.
F Khosravi Shadmani , H Soori, M Karmi, F Zayeri, Mr Mehmandar,
Volume 8, Issue 4 (3-2013)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: In the chain of vehicles, human and environment, the human factors are the most complex element in the causes of road traffic injuries (RTIs). Unauthorized speeding and overtaking are considered as the main human factors resulting RTIs. This study estimated the population attributablefraction of two human factors, the most common risk factors of rural roads, of RTIs.
Methods: To calculate the population attributable risk, the prevalence of unauthorized speeding and overtaking registered in Police data was employed. Effect size related to odds ratio was employed using Logistic regression. Joint effect of related risk factors also calculated and reported. Dasta were taken from national traffic police using the KAM 114 froms.
Results: The percentage of population attributable risk of unauthorized speeding for deaths at crash scene was 20.9 and for injured cases was 16.6. These values were 13.5 and 13.4 for unauthorized overtaking respectively. Corresponding for joint effects the population attributable risk was 31.6 for deaths and 27.8 for injuries.
Conclusion: The results illustrate the importance of speed control and unauthorized overtaking as a priority of RTIs in Iran. It is recommended that related laws and legislations should be pursued more seriously, and followed by more effectively.
M Koosheshi, A Khosravi, M Sasani Pour , S Asadi,
Volume 9, Issue 4 (3-2014)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: The recent researches on mortality in Iran in the past 3 decades have obviously emphasized cardiovascular diseases, unintentional injuries, and neoplasms as the most important causes of shortening Iranian’s lives. We investigated the role of these major causes on the mortality patterns in Fars in 2006.
Methods: The number of registered deaths by age and sex and the distribution of death by cause in Fars in 2006 were derived from the Death Register System of Ministry of Health (MoH). We used the 2006 census to obtain the information on the population exposed to death. The mortality of the people over 5 years of age was estimated and corrected using the Brass Growth Balance method. The mortality rate of the children under the age of 5 was estimated by indirect methods and the data were analyzed using the multi-decrement life table.
Results: Life expectancy was 70.3 years in Fars, about 69 years in males and 72 years in females, in 2006. The results showed that 3 main causes of death were responsible for reducing life expectancy of about 11 years in men and women in Fars. Detailed results revealed that cardiovascular diseases and unintentional injuries played more important roles in the decrease. Unintentional injuries plays more major role in decreasing life expectancy in males than females.
Conclusion: Special attention should be paid to the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases in both genders and unintentional injuries in males in Fars to reduce the mortality level and increase the life expectancy.
F Khosravi Shadmani , H Soori, M Karami, F Zayeri,
Volume 10, Issue 1 (6-2014)
Abstract
Background & Objectives : World Health Organization has recommended the main strategies for the prevention of road traffic injuries on some of the risk factors. This study aimed to prioritize the preventive interventions according to risk factors of road traffic injuries in Iran.
Methods: The potential impact fraction (PIF) of the main strategies for prevention was analyzed from national traffic police data registry in 2011 in urban and rural roads. PIF was calculated for risk factors of road traffic injuries and joint effect at three counterfactual distributions: theoretical minimum risk level, plausible minimum risk level, and feasible minimum risk level. The priority setting of preventive intervention was performed based on contribution of each risk factor.
Results : Based on the potential impact fraction of death (PIF calculated using odds ratio of death) the priorities were as follows in order: wearing a helmet by the motorcycle passenger, wearing a helmet by motorcycle rider, and lack of speed management. Risk factors in this study were more important in urban roads and joint effects of risk factors were close to 100 percent
Conclusion: It is strongly recommended that future interventions focus on the use of the helmet by motorcycle passengers and riders, the use of the seat belt by the passengers, and speed management. Our findings indicated that laws and legislations should be pursued more seriously. Calculation of the potential impact fraction is better than the population attributable fraction and allows for more accurate prediction of the future.
P Shiri, H Soori, A Razzaghi,
Volume 14, Issue 3 (12-2018)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Human errors are the most important factors for RTIs, which have been addressed in few quantitative studies. The objective of this study was to calculate the annual population attributable fraction (PAF) of the most important human risk factor for RTIs in the streets and highways of the Great Tehran.
Methods: In this study, the data of 124518 individuals registered in the COM114 form of the Police Information and Communication Technology (ICT- FAVA) data system of the country were employed in 2014. A regression model was applied to estimate the magnitude of the impact of traffic violations of drivers with RTIs using the adjusted relative risk ratio. To estimate the PAF, the prevalence and effect size were calculated based on the risk ratio (RR) using the baseline method or the Miettinen formula.
Results: The PAF of driving in reverse gear and failure to observe safe distance was 1.98% and 1.93%, respectively. Driving in the reverse gear and failure to observe the safe distance increased RTIs by 22% and 23%, respectively. On the highways of the Great Tehran, the largest proportion of PAF was related to driving in reverse gear (1.96%), sudden movement of the car (1.90%), speeding (1.87%). Speeding increased the risk of RTIs by 23%.
Conclusion: Monitoring traffic violations can decrease road crashes by 10% in the streets. Moreover, on highways, use of strategies to prevent traffic violations can decrease RTIs by up to 15%.
N Nasiri, H Sharifi, M Rezaeian, M Sanji Rafsanjani , A Sharifi, R Vazirinejad,
Volume 15, Issue 1 (5-2019)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: To preventing deaths, it is essential to recognize factors affecting the survival of road accident victims. This study was conducted to identify the factors affecting the mortality of road accident victims.
Methods: All pre-emergency mission forms and hospital records of road accident victims were analyzed. The dependent variable was the time interval between the accident and death or discharge from hospital. The forms included demographic variables, accident location, injury status, type of vehicle, type of trauma, mission time, and vital signs.
Results: Of 8920 injured persons, death occurred in 143 (95% CI: 0.014-0.019). Being over 65 years (Hazard Ratio (HR) 7.6, 95% CI: 3.14-18.4), accident on the main roads (HR 1.44, 95% CI: 0.6-3.5), tracheal intubation (HR 26.4, 95% CI: 3.05-227.6), a systolic and diastolic blood pressure above 100 (HR 0.4, 95% CI: 0.4-0.12) and 70 mm Hg (HR 0.53, 95% CI: 0.24-1.2), and heart rate>100/min (HR 3.0, 95% CI: 1.7-5.1) were associated with the risk of death.
Conclusion: In providing services, age, status of blood pressure, pulse, injury status, and type of trauma can affect the patients’ survival.
O Garkaz, Hr Mehryar, Hr Khalkhali, Sh Salari Lak ,
Volume 16, Issue 2 (8-2020)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Traffic accidents are a leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide. This study was conducted to determine the days of disability and severity of injuries caused by traffic accidents in patients admitted to Imam Khomeini Hospital, Urmia in 2016.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 1705 traffic accident victims admitted to Imam Khomeini Hospital, Urmia in 2016. Data were collected using a checklist containing demographic information, accident, severity of injury, and days of disability along with a telephone follow-up after 3 months upon return to work or school. The ISS (Injury Severity Score) was categorized from 1 to 6 according to the experts’ opinions.
Results: The results showed that 1231 subjects (72.1%) were male and the mean and SD age of the participants was 33.63 (30.00) years. Moreover, 77 (0.04%) of the subjects died and 593 (42.5%) resumed a normal life after two months. The mean time to resuming a normal life was 86.78 (24.104) days. Most of the subjects had mild limb injury, while the majority of the deaths had life-threatening injuries.
Conclusion: In this study, most of the victims were male, married, young, and concerned about financial compensation. The majority of the deceased had life-threatening injuries requiring vital measures to return to work quickly.
H Soori, T Yousefinezhadi,
Volume 16, Issue 3 (11-2020)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) has the third highest road traffic fatality rate in the world. This article evaluates the epidemiology of road injuries and some of its main control factors in Iran and compares them with other countries of the EMR.
Methods: This study was conducted to analyze and compare traffic injuries resulting in mortality using secondary data. Data from 175 countries and 19 members of the EMR were analyzed in this study. A review study was designed to provide policy options to improve the status of the measures.
Results: Mortality from traffic injuries in the region according to road users was 39% for four-wheelers, 34% for pedestrians, 15% for two-wheelers, 2% for cyclists and 10% for other users. The traffic-related mortality rate was higher for users of four-wheel motorcycles and pedestrians in the EMR compared to the global average. Moreover, deaths from traffic injuries in users of four-wheel vehicles and two-wheelers in Iran were higher than the regional average.
Conclusion: Although Iran and EMR member states have implemented some important preventive measures recommended by the World Health Organization, significant efforts are still needed to optimize the enforcement of existing road safety laws. Sufficient attention should be paid to the needs of pedestrians, cyclists, and motorcyclists that comprise about 50% of all road traffic fatality.
