Showing 12 results for Injury
H Soori, M Rahimi, H Mohseni,
Volume 1, Issue 3 (2-2006)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Although most occupational injuries are the result of stress-related human error, the association between job stress and work-related accidents has not been studied adequately. The aim of this study, carried out in 2004, was to look at the pattern of job stress among workers at Iran-Saipa car manufacturing plant, and to assess the relationship between stress and occupational injuries.
Methods: Data were collected randomly from 608 workers considered to be at risk. The sample was composed of 100 subjects with a history of work-related injury within the preceding year and 508 subjects without such history. Job stress was assessed by the Belkic Occupational Stress Index (OSI). We performed creatinine, cortisole, and 17-ketosteroid assays on 24-hour urine collection samples to check the validity of OSI questionnaires. All subjects were males.
Results: The prevalence of job stress was 21.3%. The main stressors were time pressure (78.5%), mode of payment and evaluation (56.4%), and interaction with people and machines (41.3%). The risk of injury for workers experiencing job stress was significantly higher than in those without job stress (odds ratio= 2.0). On the other hand, job stress was found to be responsible for 11.9% of all occupational injuries in this community.
Conclusions: In conclusion, job stress should be recognized as an important factor causing occupational injuries among car manufacturing workers. Full commitment and participation of managers at all levels and also behavioral and environmental modifications in the production line is important in promoting safety and injury prevention.
K Khalaji, R Majdzadeh, Mr Eshraghian, A Motevalian, K Holakouie Naieni,
Volume 2, Issue 1 (3-2006)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Considering the lack of adequate basic information on risk factors for road traffic injuries in Iran, a study was conducted to determine the association between potential risk factors and the incidence of injuries in motor vehicle drivers.
Methods: We performed a population-based case-control study on Qazvin-Loshan road. Risk factors related to injury incidence were compared between 175 cases and 175 controls. Cases were drivers recently injured in road accidents. Controls did not have any injury and were selected systematically while the study was being conducted. Injury was defined as trauma needing medical or surgical treatment. Information was obtained through police reports and interviews with cases and controls.
Data were analyzed by two methods bivariate analysis (crude) and by a multivariate unconditional logistic regression model.
Results: In bivariate analysis, risk factors for road traffic injuries risk were failure to wear seat belts or protective helmets, ejection from vehicle, severity of collision, number of crashes, motorcycle vs. other motor vehicle accidents, fire, rain and fog, and collision with fixed objects. In the logistic model, factors such as seat belt or helmet use with OR= 0.619 (0.376-1.018), ejection from the vehicle with OR= 2.952 (1.235-7.056), severe collision with OR= 5.413 (2.865-10.224), motorcycle vs. other motor vehicle accident with OR= 3.164 (1.05-9.537) and raining and fog vs. good weather with OR= 4.562 (1.663-12.514) were found to influence injury incidence. There was an interaction between severity of collision and weather status.
Conclusions: Better speed control, use of seat belts or helmets, not using motorcycles for road travel and equipping vehicles with fire extinguishing capsules are recommended to reduce road accident injuries.
A Ardalan, K Holakouie Naieni, Ek Noji, Re Laporte, Mr Aflatounian, M Nekouie Moghadam,
Volume 2, Issue 3 (3-2006)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: The widely differing casualty rates in earthquakes of similar magnitude indicate a need for assessing the factors that determine the extent of damage to life and property. The present study looks at the structural factors and individual characteristics that had an effect on the risk of death and injury directly caused by the December 2003 earthquake in Bam.
Methods: The study population consisted of the residents of Bam on the 19th and 20th days after the earthquake of December 25, 2003. Using a cluster sampling method based on geographic location, we selected 420 households for study and asked them for information on the family members who were inside their houses at the time of the quake. The information covered the following range of items: occurrence of death or injury leading to ambulatory treatment or hospitalization, and characteristics of the building. We used logistic regression and the software package Stata 8.0 for data analysis.
Results: A total of 2089 individuals, including 1089 men (52.1%) and 1000 women (47.9%) took part in this study. There were 369 cases of death (17.7%, 95%CI=12.6-17.8%), 122 injuries needing hospitalization (5.8%, 95%CI=4.5-7.1%), and 319 cases of injury treated on an ambulatory basis (15.3%, 95%CI=12.6-17.8%), all as a direct result of the earthquake. Factors associated with increased risk of death were building destruction (OR=6.34, 95%CI=3.56-11.29), living in adobe structures (OR=1.87, 95%CI =1.03-3.4), age under 6 years (OR=3.93, 95%CI=2.17-7.11) and age 56-65 years (OR=2.52, 95%CI=1.23-5.15). Risk factors for injuries were the same as for death, with the notable exception of the building material.
Conclusions: This was the first analytic study of the risk factors for earthquake-related deaths in Iran. It revealed that total building destruction, residing in houses built with non-resistant materials, and extremes of age are significant risk factors for death in an earthquake. As for injuries, the risk factors were total building destruction and extremes of age.
A Khosravi, H Ebrahimi,
Volume 4, Issue 2 (9-2008)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Trauma database in the form of a registry can provide necessary information for monitoring and modifying trauma care. These databases can be collected based on trauma and injury severity score (TRISS) method. The injury severity score (ISS) is based on an anatomic severity classification of injury called abbreviated injury scale (AIS). TRISS determines the probability of survival of patient from the ISS and revised trauma score (RTS). RTS is a physiological scoring system that consists of GCS, systolic blood pressure and respiratory rate. Our aim was to report trauma outcome based on TRISS method and compare the outcome with the registry data from major trauma outcome study (MTOS).
Methods: All trauma patients admitted between 1 April 2004 to 30 September 2005 with ISS> 10 were evaluated by TRISS method according to medical records, CT scan, sonography and surgical records. We used W and Z statistic to evaluate match of injury severity between our patients and MTOS database.
Results: From the 220 patients studied, there were 174 (79.1%) males and 46 (20.9%) females and their mean age was 30.2 and 40.2, respectively. Blunt injury accounted for 9.1% patients, and 66.4% were admitted in ICU. Traffic accidents were the main cause of trauma (80%). There were 47 deaths, but the expected and predicted number of deaths should have been 35 and 38 according to MTOS norms. The average probability of survival (Ps) was 82.7%. W statistic was calculated as -4 with a Z score of 0.11.
Conclusion: In our hospital, 4 deaths more than the MTOS database per 100 injured patients had occurred, and there was no other significant difference between our findings with the MTOS. In addition, the use of this model would be suitable for patient care in of pre-hospital, in-hospital and between hospital settings.
A Gholami, Sh Salarilak, T Alinia, R Nejad Rahim,
Volume 6, Issue 3 (12-2010)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Personel who reguraly practice invasive procedures such as blood sample collection are particulary at risk to percutanous injuries. Needle stick injuries present the single gerates risk to medcial personnels. This sudy was undertaken to analyze the problem of needdle sticks injuries among health care workers at teaching hospitals in Urmia in 2008 year.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 personals of Urmia teaching hospitals. A structured questionnaire was used to interview the study participants at their work place. Participants were asked to recall needle stick injuries in the preceding 12 months. Factors such as work experience, type of procedure, action taken following injury etc were also studied. The samples were selected by using simple random sampling in every hospital. The data were analyzed according to aims, by using Descriptive and analytical method.
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Results: Around 25% (107/400) of the Health care workers had experienced a needle stick injury in the last six-months. Needle sticks injuries in females and male was 28% and 24% respectively. Most of the injuries created by needle (47.3%) and anjiocat needle (19.9%).
Conclusions: The results of this study show that the prevalence rates of needle stick injuries are a major risk in hospitals personnel. Therefore there is a need at the hospital level to have a uniform needle stick injuries policy covering safe work practices, safe disposal of sharps, procedures in event of needle stick injury, training including pre-employment training monitoring and evaluation of needle stick injuries and procedures for reporting needle stick injuries.
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Hr Ebrahimi Fakhar, S Zand,
Volume 6, Issue 4 (3-2011)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Head injuries are the most sever kind of injuries in accidents. It is an important factor of disability in society. Having information about present situation and its determinant factors is the first step of programming for head injury reduction. This survey aimed to have an epidemiological aspect of head injury in Arak.
Methods: Relevant informations about severity of the impact, causes, demographic information and treatment results were extracted from medical files between 2005-2006 years.
Results: Of total 1105 patients with head injury 25.8% were in their first decade of life and 11.8% were reported as sever head injury. The most common injuries (18.4%) caused by downfall from low height. Men had more head injured 64.7% compared with women. In the period of hospitalization 12.8% of moderate head injuries and 43.1of sever head injury caused to death.
Conclusions: It is concluded that applying and administration of the safety rules in the society as a compulsory rules and educating by mass media, are necessary. It should also be taken into account more effective hospital care for sever head injuries to reach better outcomes.
H Sabour, A Norouzia Javidan, Mr Vafa, F Shidfar, M Nazari, S Athari Nik Azm, A Rahimi, H Emami Razavi, H Saberi,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (6-2011)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Despite an increased risk of obesity and CHD in people with spinal cord injury (SCI),
there is little known about the dietary intake in this group, therefore the aim of this study was to examine nutrient
intake and body mass index (BMI) in the spinal cord injury (SCI) population according to level of injury and
related variables.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 162 patients with spinal cord injury participated from Brain and Spinal
Injury Repair research Center, Tehran, Iran. Dietary intakes were assessed by means of a semi quantitative food
frequency questionnaire.
Results: The mean age of study population was 34.1±0.6 years. Total energy and carbohydrate intake were
higher in men than women (P<0.001). Incomplete injured consumed more MUFA (P=0.03). The elderly were
consumed less total calorie, saturated fat, MUFA, cholesterol (P<0.01) and PUFA (P<0.05). Injured patients with
longer times had lower total calorie, carbohydrate (P<0.01), total fat and MUFA intake (P<0.05). Based on new
classification 60.5% were at the risk of obesity or obese. Central obesity was seen in 33.1%of man and 48.4%
of women. BMI of the paraplegia group was greater than that of the tetraplegia group (P= 0.009).
Conclusion: Macronutrients balance is moved towards higher saturated fat intake and less complex
carbohydrates and protein intake in SCI patient’s .The elderly and patients who had lived with SCI longer time
tended to maintain healthier diets.
S Akbarpour, N Jafari, F Mobasheri, P Pezeshkan,
Volume 7, Issue 4 (3-2012)
Abstract
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Background
& Objectives: Years of life lost (YLL) was designed by the World Health
Organization (WHO) to measure and analyze the burden of various diseases.
Intentional and unintentional injuries, is the second cause of death in Iran.
Since there is little know about the burden of injuries, this study designed to
measure YLL in this group as a key indicator of population health and priority
setting in health.
Methods: Years of life lost was
calculated based on death data from Death Registration system in Mazandaran
province.
Results: During the year 1387 in
Mazandaran province, 39,421 years lost due to intentional and unintentional
injury. 30,498 years that related to men and 8923 years related to women. In
this province injury has been the first cause of YLL in both sexes and age
groups 20-24, 25-29 and 15-19 years, respectively.
Conclusion: Considering the results of this study and the high
number of years lost due to accidents in the province, especially in men, it
seems that more appropriate interventions programs for at risk age group of men
in province is required.
S Asgharzadeh, K Holakouie Naieni, A Ardalan, E Ahmadnezhad , S Zaeri,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (7-2012)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Earthquakes cause thousands of deaths and injuries worldwide every year.
Islamic Republic of Iran has a deadly history of earthquakes. The aim of this
study is to describe injuries rate, causes of injuries, structural
characteristics of buildings and occupant actions immediately after earthquake
in Damghan in 2010.
Methods: This case-study was conducted one week after occurring the
earthquake in five villages of Damghan city in Iran. We used the Physical
Injuries Assessment Questionnaire which was particularly designed for injuries
after earthquakes. Also for acquiring information about region and amount of
losses, some interviews was conduct with local authorities.
Results: Four death and fifty six injuries occurred in five villages of
Damghan city. There were three types of injuries including superficial injuries
(50%), contusions (35%) and fractures (10%). The findings of this study indicating building
structural failure (87.4%), nonstructural factors (7.1%) and trapping (5.3%) seems
the most possible cause of injuries in this region.
Conclusion: This study showed that the building structural failure is the main cause of
injuries (87.4%). Increasing structural
resistance of building especially in village regions and education about
earthquake preparedness should encourage in order decreasing the total number
of people affected by earthquake.
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S Daneshi, Aa Haghdoost, Mr Baneshi, F Zolala,
Volume 10, Issue 3 (12-2014)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: After an earthquake, casualty information is needed for planning and providing health care. However, developing countries do not have an efficient health information system even in normal conditions. In these countries, health information systems become worse in critical conditions. The aim of this study was to estimate the number of mortalities, limb amputations, and spinal cord injuries after the Bam earthquake.
Methods: In this cross sectional study, the network scale up method was used to estimate the number of casualties. We selected 80 residents of Bam and asked them whether they knew any one with spinal cord injury or limb amputation in three houses on the right and three houses on the left.
Results: The total estimated number of deaths was 54,041 in the earthquake. The number of people with spinal cord injury and limb amputation was 622 and 519, respectively.
Conclusion: For tertiary prevention measures and better resource allocation, an accurate health information system is needed. In the absence of such a system, there are limitations in using direct methods. It sounds that the network scale up method is an appropriate method for estimating such casualties.
J Ahmadpour, Sz Asghari, Ar Soltanian, Y Mohammadi, J Poorolajal,
Volume 14, Issue 1 (6-2018)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: This study assessed the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the standard "Problematic Internet Use" questionnaire to be used in epidemiological studies.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in 2016. This questionnaire comprises five domains, including preference for online social interaction, mood regulation, cognitive preoccupation, compulsive Internet use, and negative outcomes. The questionnaire has 15 questions with a total score ranges from 15 to 105. A score of 15-45 indicates a normal state, a score of 46-65 shows a mild disorder, a score of 66-85 suggests a moderate disorder, and a score of 86-105 reveals a severe disorder.
Results: Three hundred and seven students (31.1%) had a normal score, 445 (45.1%) had a mild disorder, 191 (19.4%) had a moderate disorder, and 43 (4.4%) had a severe disorder. Based on CVR, 10 questions had a validity of 100%, 3 questions had a validity of 80%, 1 question had a validity of 40%, and 1 question had a validity of zero. The overall validity of the questionnaire was 85.3%. Based on alpha coefficient, the reliability of the domain of preference for online social interaction, mood regulation, cognitive preoccupation, compulsive Internet use, and negative outcomes was 87.6%, 91.1%, 89.8%, 90.8%, and 86.2%, respectively. The overall reliability of the questionnaire was 92.5%.
Conclusion: The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were high; thus, it can be used as a standard tool in epidemiological studies to explore the pathology of injuries related to the Internet and social networks.
Sh Hasanzadeh, H Sadeghi Bazargani , M Hashemiparast, M Asghari Jafarabadi ,
Volume 15, Issue 4 (1-2020)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the predictability of the PLS-SEM model for injuries resulting in hospitalization in motorcyclists using a mediator variable in a case-control study.
Methods: In this case-control study, 300 cases and 156 controls were randomly selected from 150 clusters using random cluster sampling. The data were collected using the motorcycle riding behavior (MRB) questionnaire, adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) questionnaire (subscales) and a checklist containing motorcycle related variables.
Results: The motorcycle riding behavior, adult ADHD, motorcycling related variables and some demographic variables were found to be the predictors of injury. There were significant positive relationships between injury and motorcycling related variables (B=0.20, P=0.001) and ADHD (B=0.33, P=0.001), between MRB and motorcycling related variables (B=0.51, P=0.001) and ADHD (B=0.52, P=0.001), and between ADHD and motorcycling related variables (B=0.39, P=0.001).
Conclusion: Considering the more accurate results of PLS-SEM, the intervention programs should especially address those who have hyperactive children, those who use the cellphone while riding, and those who ride in dark hours of the night.
