Showing 5 results for Major
I Sharifi, F Zamani, Mr Aflatoonian, Ar Fekri,
Volume 4, Issue 1 (4-2008)
Abstract
Background & objective: In Iran, cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) as a health problem is increasing and presenting two epidemiological forms Zoonotic CL (ZCL) and anthroponotic CL (ACL). The objective of the present study was to introduce the CL epidemic in Baft district, Kerman province.
Methods: This study was conducted in 3 villages Soltanabad, Vakilabad and Shahmaran as a census between spring and autumn of 1998 in Orzoeihe region, Baft district. Various epidemiological aspects of this epidemic including prevalence and related demographic factors, diagnosis by direct smears, identification of the causative species by immunological and biological methods were determined.
Results: Population of the 3 villages was 13721 mean 21.8±13.9 years, 50.7% males and 49.3% females.. The prevalence rate of 12.3% with mean age of 16.3±12.1 years were infected. Most of the cases were in 10-20 years of age and in Soltanabad (30.6%). The mean number of lesions was 2.58, majority with ≥2 lesions, frequently located on the legs and hands. No previous history of CL scar were observed. All 100 IFAT, 30 ELISA tests and 18 inoculated mice showed L.major as the overall causative agent.
Conclusions: This is the first epidemic of CL occurred in the southern villages of Baft district with high severity in all age and sex groups in a new agricultural region. Probably the source of infection was the new comers who arrived the region from endemic areas for agricultural purposes and infecting the gerbils. Thus, this new agricultural development has created an extraordinary suitable condition for propagation of rodents and sand fly populations, then the occurrence of the new epidemic in rural residence, consequently.
K Azizi, M Kalantari, S Fekri,
Volume 7, Issue 3 (12-2011)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: The city of Jask in south east of Iran has been considered an endemic focus of leishmaniasis. PCR-based techniques can detect lower parasite burdens, reducing the number of false negatives and improving the quantification of Leishmania parasites in the sand fly. The aim of this epidemiological study was to detect vector(s) by PCR techniques in the city of Jask located in Hormozgan province.
Methods: Sand flies were captured using CDC miniature light traps and sticky papers during 2007-2008 and identified by their morphology. DNA extraction performed by Proteinase K and Phenol/Chloroform/Isoamyl Alcohol methods. Leishmania kinetoplast minicircle DNA was amplified by two Nested-PCR techniques using species-specific primers (LINR4-LIN17-LIN19) and (CSB1XR-CSB2XF-LiR-13Z).These primers could differentiate among Leishmania species of Iran.
Results: A total of 8123 sand flies were collected. The fauna was identified as eight species (3 Phlebotomus and 5 Sergentomyia). Phlebotomus papatasi, P. salehi and Sergentomyia theodori were the three most dominant species (59.91%, 17.21% and 7.32% respectively).
60, 50 and 40 parous unfed female specimens of P. papatasi, P. salehi and S. theodori were investigated for Leishmania DNA infection. Leishmania major DNA was detected in 3 (5%) specimens of P. papatasi and 2 (4%) specimens of P. salehi. Anthropophilic index of these two species were 29.6 & 18 percent, respectively.
Conclusion: This study was the first molecular study for detection of cutaneous eishmaniasis vectors in Hormozgan province in Iran. According to the findings of the present study P. papatasi and P. salehi are probable vectors of cutaneous leishmaniasis in this focus.
R Ali Akbari Khoei, E Bakhshi, A Azarkeivan, A Biglarian,
Volume 12, Issue 3 (10-2016)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: A small sample size can influence the results of statistical analysis. A reduction in the sample size may happen due to different reasons, such as loss of information, i.e. existing missing value in some variables. This study aimed to apply bootstrap and jackknife resampling methods in survival analysis of thalassemia major patients.
Methods: In this historical cohort study, the data of 296 patients with thalassemia major who were visited at Zafar Clinic, Tehran, from 1994 to 2013 were used. Parametric survival models were used to analyze the data. The log – normal survival model was selected as the best model and then the bootstrap and jackknife resampling algorithms were used for this model. Data analysis was carried out with the STATA 12.0 software.
Results: The results of the resampling methods showed that standard errors decreased and confidence intervals were shortened. In addition, the result of the bootstrap and jackknife resampling methods showed that age group and the relationship of the parents (P<0.001) were significant compared with the log-normal model (P>0.900).
Conclusion: Comparison of the confidence intervals suggests that the jackknife resampling method can be used when the sample size is small.
M Haji Aghajani , H Hashemi, Aa Haghdoost, S Noori Hekmat, Gh Janbabaee, A Maher, R Rahimisadegh, S Emadi, Mr Rajabalipour, H Haghighi, R Dehnavieh, F Dehnavieh Tijang ,
Volume 13, Issue 0 (3-2018)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Iran is a large country that is often an importer of major medical equipment. There is no comprehensive databank of the status of the equipment in the country. The present study provides a clear description of the dispersal status of major medical equipment in the country in 2016 and the estimated number of required devices in 2026.
Methods: This study was conducted in 2016 in Iran. The study included 8 MRI, CT scan, gamma camera, linear accelerator, PET scan, cardiac angiography, peripheral angiography, and CT angiography devices. The data of the number of equipment in each city were collected through a census of devices.
Results: At the beginning of the year 2016, 3.5 MRI devices, 6.93 CT scans, 2.18 gamma cameras, 1.23 linear accelerators, 0.04 PET scans, 2.3 cardiac angiography devices, 0.27 peripheral angiography devices, and 0.25 CT angiography devices per million population were active in Iran. CT scan and MRI devices were the most available equipment. It is estimated that the same pattern should be maintained in 2026, but the distribution of devices as well as the total number of devices in the country should improve.
Conclusion: In 2016, for most of the devices, the proportion of the device to the population in the whole country was close to the global average, but there was a large accumulation of devices in large cities. This problem has been identified and interventions have been planned to move towards reducing inequalities In Iran's Health Roadmap.
Y Madmoli, Sm Akhaghi Dezfuli, R Beiranvand, B Saberi Pour, M Azami, M Madmoli,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (9-2017)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Regular blood transfusions in patients with hereditary hemolytic anemia, especially thalassemia, increase the survival of most patients but also may result in infection with viruses like hepatitis. In order to identify these diseases and other complications in people with thalassemia, this study aimed to investigate epidemiological and clinical findings in patients with thalassemia in Dezful in 2015.
Methods: In this descriptive-analytic study, data were collected from medical records in Dezful thalassemia Clinic by the census method. The collected data included gender, age, location, ethnicity, blood type, transfused blood type, time between blood transfusions, medications, vaccinations, underlying diseases, and operations and their time.
Results: The records of 174 thalassemia patients with a mean age of 23.60 years were evaluated. Of these, 23 patients (13.2%) had thalassemia intermediate and 151 (86.8%) had thalassemia major. The last mean serum ferritin was 2760.60. Independent T test showed a significant relationship between the type of thalassemia and age at diagnosis (P=0.000). There was a significant positive correlation between age and blood transfusion intervals so that the intervals increased with age (P=0.004) (r=0.21).
Conclusion: The high mean age in the center compared to other studies as well as the low frequency of side effects indicate the effectiveness of new treatments and increased survival of these patients.
