Qiumarss Nasseri,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (12-2005)
Abstract
Epidemiological studies of cancer is the corner stone of cancer control plans and necessary for setting goals, monitoring the progress, and evaluating the results of control efforts. Cancer is a generic name for a number of diseases that have different etiology, natural history, and outcome. Thus, control activities for each cancer is different and requires varied approaches. Primary prevention, i.e., controlling the initiation of cancers is now possible for a number of cancers including lung, stomach, liver, and cervix by controlling the use of tobacco, and infections with Helicobacter pylori, Hepatitis C, and Human papilloma viruses. Secondary prevention, i.e., early detection is mostly effective for the cancers of the breast (mammography), cervix (Pap test), prostate (digital rectal exam and PSA testing), colon and rectum (Colon- and Sigmoidscopy), and melanoma of the skin (clinical examination of the skin). Effective treatment is now possible for a large number of cancers with arrays of new medications such as Tamoxifen and Herceptin for breast cancer, Avastin for Colorectal and other cancers, and so on. Tertiary prevention, i.e., rehabilitation and hospice care is a necessary part of cancer control that is generally neglected. Cancer is a familial disease and when it struck, it affects the whole family. Health education and social support for the patients and their families is an integral part of cancer control activities and must be present in any effective cancer control program. Tertiary prevention not only includes proper palliative care, but also education and support for proper nutrition and improvement of the quality of life for the patient and the family.
N Zare, S Khodarahmi, A Rezaianzadeh,
Volume 11, Issue 3 (11-2015)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers among women and is the second main cause of death after lung cancer. The objective of this study was to use the Bayes model to analyze the prognostic effects on the survival of the women with breast cancer after surgery in the south of Iran.
Methods: The date was collected 1192 women who had breast cancer in Namazi Hospital Research Center between 2001 and 2006. The complete information of only 1148 of them was registered. Parametric Bayes and Bayes Cox methods were used. Considering 0.05 as the level of significance, the data analysis was done using the WinBUGS14 software.
Results: The mean age of the patients (at the time of diagnosis) was 47 years in this study. Cox one-variable analysis showed a significant relationship between survival and smoking (P=0.009), bone metastasis (P=0.01), the number of lymph nodes (P=0.001), the tumoral level of malignancy (P=0.001), the surgical method (P=0.015), financial status (P=0.025), and the tumor size (P=0.001). By fitting Bayes models the variables tumor size, level of malignancy and number of lymph nodes were significant.
Conclusion: The results showed that clinicopathological features of cancer had a significant role in the survival of the patients.
