Showing 6 results for Mashhad
H Ostadimoghaddam, Aa Yekta, J Heravian, A Azimi, Mj , Khoshsima, M Khaje Daluee, M Pedramfar, A Javaherforoshzadeh, S Aliakbari, M Hashemi Nejad, P Razavi Shandiz, S Golmohammadi, Z Haeri Kermani, M Khabazkhoob,
Volume 6, Issue 4 (3-2011)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: To determine the prevalence rates of refractive errors in Mashhad, Iran
Methods: In this population-based study, random cluster sampling was performed on the urban population of Mashhad and of 4453 selected individuals, 70.4% participated in the study. Refractive errors were assessed using cycloplegic refraction in participants who were ≤ 15 years of age and non-cycloplegic refraction in those who were > 15 years of age .
Results: The prevalence of myopia and hyperopia in individuals ≤ 15 years old was 3.64% (95% CI: 5.09 to 2.19) and 27.4% (95% CI: 31.09 to 23.72), respectively. The same measurements for individuals >15 years of age was 22.36% (95% CI: 24.66 to 20.06) and 34.21% (95 CI: 36.85 to 31.57), respectively. The prevalence of astigmatism and anisometropia were 25.64% and 5.84, respectively. Astigmatism and anisometropia were significantly more (p=0.005) and less (p=0.048) prevalent in females, respectively. Anisometropia, astigmatism and hyperopia were found to be increased with age.
Conclusions: This study highlighted the valuable information on refractive errors in Mashhad. Hyperopia was the most common refractive error. In addition to subjects who were between 5 to 15 years of age, refractive errors were also prevalent among older people therefore, more attention should be paid to the correction of refractive errors in these groups.
Sh Saeidinejat, J Movaffagh, Y Setayesh, H Esmaeil,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (9-2011)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Benzodiazepines (BDZs) can have both beneficial and adverse effects and are the largest-selling drug group in the world. The potential of dependence with BDZ has been known for almost three decades now. The risk of misuse of and dependence on these drugs seems higher in countries where laws against unlicensed sale of BDZ are not implemented strongly. Since there is little know about the pattern of using BDZ in Iran therefore we designed this study to investigate to find out more about the prevalence of BDZ use in psychiatric patients in Mashhad, Iran.
Methods: Twenty pharmacies were chosen for this study carried out a cross-sectional survey over 3 months in outpatient of pharmacy in Mashad, Iran. Besides basic socio-demographic data the participants were asked if they were taking a BDZ at present and if yes, the frequency, route and dosage of the drug, who had initiated the drug and why it had been prescribed.
Results: Out of a total of 400 participants 17.5% of the participants had been currently using at least one BDZ for 4 weeks or longer. Only 45% of cases the BDZ had been initiated by a doctor. Gender, Educational status, employment status and smoking were associated with an increased likelihood of using BDZ.
Conclusion: The study shows most of the users were taking it for duration and with a frequency which puts them at risk of becoming dependent on BDZ. In most of the cases it had not been initiated by a doctor. Both patients and doctors need to be made aware of the risk of dependency associated with the use of BDZ.
H Safabakhsh, F Tehranian, B Tehranian, H Hatami, G Karimi, M Shahabi,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (5-2013)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Prevalence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection varies is highly prevalent in different societies. CMV infection in susceptible patients is associated with serious morbidity and a high mortality and is a matter of concern for blood bank professionals and blood transfusion recipients, especially in cases of transfusions to neonates and immunocompromised patients. Thus, the present study aimed to determine the prevalence rate of anti-CMV antibodies among the blood donors of Mashhad Blood Transfusion Center.
Methods: This seroepidemiology study carried out on 1008 samples from blood donors in Mashhad Blood Transfusion Center and the prevalence rate of anti-CMV antibodies (IgM, IgG) was estimated by ELISA method in the samples
Results: Out Of 1008 serum samples from donors, 1000 persons (99.2%) had anti-CMV IgG and 16 donors (1.6%) had anti-CMV IgM in their sera. Eight (8) persons had no anti-CMV IgG and IgM in their sera.
Conclusion: The high rate of prevalence of CMV in this study region indicating blood component screening strategies for blood transfusions require particular attention among healthcare professionals as part of the actions for prevention and reduction of primary infections caused by CMV.
S Baridkazemi, E Mosafarkhani, R Eftekhari Gol , A Taghipour, A Bahonar, O Emami, Hr Bahrami,
Volume 14, Issue 3 (12-2018)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Researchers and health specialists are increasingly using self-reports to obtain information on chronic illnesses. This study was conducted to assess the validity of self-reports of diabetes based on a recent field survey in Mashhad.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we used the results of 2015 census in Mashhad, a population based survey of people over the age of 30 (n =307103), to determine the proportion of self-reported diabetes. The patient records of Sina Electronic Health Record system (SinaEHR®) coded as E11 and E12 approved by doctors were used as a reference. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were calculated with 95% confidence intervals.
Results: The sensitivity, specificity, PLR, NLR, PPV, and NPV of self-reported diabetes was 24.59% (95% CI: 23.97-25.21), 98.04% (95% CI: 97.99-98.09), 12.56% (95% CI: 12.11-13.02), 0.77% (95% CI: 0.76-0.78), 44.77% (95% CI: 43.89-45.67), and 95.27% (95% CI: 95.23-95.31), respectively. The sensitivity of self-reported diabetes was higher in men, Iranian individuals, single subjects, people aged 60 and over, individuals with a BMI of 18.5-25, and those with university education.
Conclusion: Although the sensitivity of self-reported diabetes was poor in this study, its specificity and positive and negative predictive values were good. Furthermore, the sensitivity of self-reported diabetes was higher in men, Iranian individuals, single subjects, people aged 60 and over, individuals with a BMI of 18.5-25, and those with university education. It seems that caution should be exercised in using self-reported data in epidemiological studies.
H Tireh, R Yousefi, Sb Mazloum Shahri , Mt Shakeri,
Volume 14, Issue 3 (12-2018)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Hypertension is a major global issue due to its consequences. Ordinary regression models have limitations in assessment of hypertension since the reference graph derived from a specific population may not be appropriate for another population. The polynomial quantile regression model is considered as a possible alternative. Hence, this study was conducted with the aim of determining reference values as well as blood pressure percentile curves in Mashhad.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in a random sample of 6949 individuals attending Samen health centers for diabetes screening in 2010. Different percentiles were analyzed using some variables such as gender, age, BMI, WHR, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The R software (version 3.0.1) was used for data analysis.
Results: In this study, 70.58% and 29.42% of subjects were men and women, respectively. The results of the quantile regression model showed that with an increase in age, BMI, and WHR, blood pressure increased in all percentiles. In all variables, subjects in the 75th and 95th percentiles had moderately high and high blood pressure while they had a normal blood pressure in other percentiles.
Conclusion: The model provided more information about blood pressure and its related patterns. According to the results, it seems that more attention should be paid to elderly and overweight individuals in the 75th and 95th percentiles.
A Ahmadabadi, H Aghajani, M Khadem Rezaiyan , M Zanganeh, Sh Tavousi, A Hadianfar,
Volume 15, Issue 3 (11-2019)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Burns are tragic events with considerable mortality rates. This study was conducted to analyze the spatial pattern of burns and identify the factors associated with the burn injuries in Mashhad, Iran.
Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in patients hospitalized in Imam Reza Hospital Burn Center, Mashhad, which is the only referral burn center in the northeast of Iran. Spatial generalized linear models (Poisson and negative binomial) were used to model the association between socio-economic characteristics and the incidence of burn injury.
Results: A total of 1044 acute burn patients (69.9% male, 30.1% female) were reviewed. Most of the burned patients were in the age group 20-29 years (41.4%). The most common cause of burn injury was flame (64.6%). The local test of spatial autocorrelation confirmed that the burns had cluster pattern in the central areas of the city and the worn-out urban texture was at higher risk of burns. The results of model showed that the percentage of worn-out urban texture (IRR =1.007; 95%CI 1.005-1.008), literacy (IRR =0.98; 95% CI 0.95-0.99), percentage of employed women (IRR =0.96; 95%CI 0.92-0.99), unemployment rate (IRR =0.92; 95%CI 0.85-0.99) and percentage of margination (IRR =1.006; 95%CI 1.005-1.008) were associated with burns.
Conclusion: Based on the findings, socio-economic and environmental characteristics are associated with the incidence of burn injuries in different areas. The results of this study could be used to design burn prevention strategies, especially in the high-risk areas and groups.
