Iranian Journal of

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  Background & Objectives : Considering the high prevalence of hypertension and its increasing trend in Iran as the most important known modifiable risk factor of stroke, this study was performed to determine the pattern of hypertension and the related population attributable fraction (PAF) of stroke in Hamadan Province.

  Methods: Blood pressure data of over-19-year-old population of Hamadan Province from 2005 to 2009 was extracted from the non-communicable diseases risk factors surveillance system . The point prevalence and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of hypertension was reported in the study population according to sex and age groups. The trend of hypertension was depicted using a line plot. To calculate PAF, the data of the prevalence of hypertension in 2009 was used. Corresponding hazard ratio was obtained from the available literature.

  Results : The prevalence of hypertension was 9.4 (8.2 – 10.6) in 2005, 7.5 (5.9 – 9.3) in 2006, 14.2
(12.1 – 16.5) in 2007, 13.8 (11.7 – 16.1) in 2008, and 12.2 (10.3- 14.5) in 2009. The mean and standard deviation of systolic blood pressure was 120.88 (19.73) and 124.19 (19.24) in the participants in 2005 and 2009, respectively. The study results showed that 19.84% of the strokes in Hamadan Province were due to hypertension .

  Conclusion: The results of this study confirmed the considerable contribution of hypertension to stroke in Hamadan Province. Accordingly, policy makers are strongly recommended to consider controlling and preventive strategies for hypertension as a priority .

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Background and Objectives: Human errors are the most important factors for RTIs, which have been addressed in few quantitative studies. The objective of this study was to calculate the annual population attributable fraction (PAF) of the most important human risk factor for RTIs in the streets and highways of the Great Tehran.
 
Methods: In this study, the data of 124518 individuals registered in the COM114 form of the Police Information and Communication Technology (ICT- FAVA) data system of the country were employed in 2014. A regression model was applied to estimate the magnitude of the impact of traffic violations of drivers with RTIs using the adjusted relative risk ratio. To estimate the PAF, the prevalence and effect size were calculated based on the risk ratio (RR) using the baseline method or the Miettinen formula.
 
Results: The PAF of driving in reverse gear and failure to observe safe distance was 1.98% and 1.93%, respectively. Driving in the reverse gear and failure to observe the safe distance increased RTIs by 22% and 23%, respectively. On the highways of the Great Tehran, the largest proportion of PAF was related to driving in reverse gear (1.96%), sudden movement of the car (1.90%), speeding (1.87%). Speeding increased the risk of RTIs by 23%.
 
Conclusion: Monitoring traffic violations can decrease road crashes by 10% in the streets. Moreover, on highways, use of strategies to prevent traffic violations can decrease RTIs by up to 15%.