P Yavari, Ma Mosavizadeh, I B Sadrolhefaz, R Khodabakhshi, H Madani, Y Mehrabi,
Volume 1, Issue 3 (2-2006)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Breast cancer is a common malignancy in women in many parts of the world. The incidence of breast cancer in Iranian women is growing. Iranian patients are relatively younger than their western counterparts. We conducted a case-control study to determine roles of reproductive factors for breast cancer among women in Iran.
Methods: A hospital based case-control study was conducted in 2004 at a teaching hospital in Tehran, Iran. A total of 303 cases of breast cancer and 303 healthy controls were interviewed. Cases were identified through the oncology department of a university hospital and controls were recruited from other wards or out-patients clinics at the same hospital. Controls were matched to cases on age. Demographic and reproductive data were ascertained by personal interview using a structured questionnaire. Informed consent was obtained from cases and controls. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for breast cancer were derived using logistic regression analysis.
Results: Mean ±SD age of cases and controls was 48.8 ±9.8 and 50.2 ± 11.1 years, respectively (range 24-84). The final model constructed after multivariate analysis indicated that factors such as never being married, menopause, older age at first live birth, parity, use of oral contraceptives, and history of chest X-ray between adolescence and the age of 30 yrs were significantly associated with breast cancer. Variables such as higher education, early age at menarche, abortion, breast feeding and its duration did not constitute significant risk factors.
Conclusions: Marital status, history of chest X-ray between adolescence and the age of 30, number of live births, and age at first live birth, menopause, and oral contraceptive use seem to increase the risk of developing breast cancer among women in Iran.
V Montazeri, F Jafarpour Sadegh , S Hosseinpour, Hr Mirzaei, E Akbari, M Ehsani, S Akbari, N Asadi, M Mahmoudinezhad, E Mirtaheri, Z Sanaat, S Pirouzpanah,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (6-2016)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Reproductive factors are in close relationship with breast carcinogenesis. This matched case-control study was conducted to study the association of reproductive risk factors with the risk of breast cancer (BC) among women in Tehran and northwest of Iran.
Methods: This hospital-based case-control study was performed on a total of 432 patients diagnosed with BC with confirmed histopathology who were recruited from hospitals affiliated with Shahid Beheshti and Tabriz University of Medical Sciences between 2007 and 2012, and 543 regionally matched controls without a prior history of BC.
Results: The average number of pregnancy and breast-fed children were significantly higher in cases than controls (P<0.01). The duration of breast-feeding was longer in patients (18.0±8.4 months) than controls (16.0±9.1; P<0.001). Most of the patients were diagnosed with BC above the age of 48 years old which was higher than the mean age of the recruited matched controls. Older age was associated with a 3.87 higher risks of BC development (95% CI: 2.94-5.10). The higher frequency of lactation in patients was significantly associated with the elevated risk (OR=2.22, 95% CI 1.62-3.04). The duration of breast-feeding within14-24 months was correlated with OR=0.52 to protect BC development during the reproductive age
(<48 years) (95% CI: 0.32-0.86).
Conclusion: High frequency of pregnancy, lactation, and older ages at first pregnancy are associated with the risk of BC, while older age at puberty, menopause, and longer duration of breast-feeding (age above 48 years) have inverse associations with the risk of BC.
