Showing 5 results for Rural
Mr Mohebbi, M Yunesian, K Nadafi, R ,
Volume 4, Issue 2 (9-2008)
Abstract
Background and objectives: The scattered state of villages both from their geographic aspect and the distance between residential units within a single village has made the task of supply, distribution and monitoring the quality of water a difficult one. Ideas of experienced people in the field of rural water quality control, has been obtained to reach gain a view on existing difficulties in supplying safe water to villages and the ways to overcome them.
Methods: Using a three-iteration Delphi procedure, consensus was built and measured among eleven managers and experts of rural water quality control. Given the large number of opinions and views ,the problems were discussed and were given priority according to the alphabetical order of the names of the participants.
Results: The difficulties were summarized as of being, the main source of water supply, economic, human resources , facilities, cultural and extra organization issues.
Conclusion: The cooperation rate was 100% in this study and most of the problems were concerning no credible financial support in supplying of costs for the maintenance facilities, upkeep of networks and the incorrect choice made in selecting of the water resource. We can overcome to these problems by implementing reforms, teaching, retraining, constant supervision and efficient management of the working staff , supervision of special operations projects including mending of breaks in pipelines and thus could lead to a more efficient distribution to the villages on time.
B Azemati , R Heshmat , Aa Keshtkar , M Bagheri , R Sheykholeslam , A Nadim ,
Volume 5, Issue 4 (3-2010)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: The aim of this study was carried out to compare knowledge, attitude and practice of urban and rural households towards osteopenia and osteoporosis in Golestan, Sistan & Balouchestan and Boushehr provinces in Iran.
Methods: single-stage cluster sampling was used. The questions about knowledge about, attitude toward and practice of nutritional factors related to osteopenia and osteoporosis were asked by a structured interview.
Results: A total of 2306 households have been selected as overall sample size. Knowledge level of urban households about calcium as a preventive factor of osteoporosis & osteopenia was more in Sistan & Balouchestan, Golestan and Boushehr provinces. Knowledge level of urban households about calcium food courses: (Milk, Yogurt, Cheese and Dairy alternatives) was also better than that of rural habitants (P<0.01). Urban residents' attitude toward osteoporosis compared to rural residents was better (P 0.01>). Consumption of pasteurized milk had been paid more attention in urban households (P<0.001). The difference of daily milk intake in rural and urban households with pregnant or lactating women was not significant. Exposure of infant to sun as preventive factor was not satisticaly significant between rural and urban habitants.
Conclusion: It is concluded that the level of knowledge, attitude and practice of rural households toward osteoporosis and osteopenia was weaker than urban households.
L Salehi, F Haidari,
Volume 6, Issue 4 (3-2011)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Proceed model is widely used in health promoting program. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of PRECEDE Model –based educational program on nutritional behaviors in a rural society.
Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental (before – after) study and conducted on one hundred eighteen women in eight rural areas in Fridan. Based on precede model, CHD mortality rate, incorrect nutritional habits and nutritional behaviors were identified as the most important indicators. During educational intervention, predisposing factors, enabling factors and reinforcement factors were noticed.The training content was designed based on precede model contains 3 educational sessions weekly for 2 months.
Results: Following the educational intervention, the mean score of knowledge, attitude were significantly increased and predisposing, Enabling and Reinforcing factors as well as behavior were improved. Approximately nine percent of participants perceived they are at risk of heart diseases and 12.96% believed that their regimes are not healthy (bad). Near 48% indicated that heart diseases are preventable diseases.
Conclusion: The finding of current study confirmed the practicability and effectiveness of the PRECEDE
Model –based educational program on Behavioral.
F Khosravi Shadmani , H Soori, M Karmi, F Zayeri, Mr Mehmandar,
Volume 8, Issue 4 (3-2013)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: In the chain of vehicles, human and environment, the human factors are the most complex element in the causes of road traffic injuries (RTIs). Unauthorized speeding and overtaking are considered as the main human factors resulting RTIs. This study estimated the population attributablefraction of two human factors, the most common risk factors of rural roads, of RTIs.
Methods: To calculate the population attributable risk, the prevalence of unauthorized speeding and overtaking registered in Police data was employed. Effect size related to odds ratio was employed using Logistic regression. Joint effect of related risk factors also calculated and reported. Dasta were taken from national traffic police using the KAM 114 froms.
Results: The percentage of population attributable risk of unauthorized speeding for deaths at crash scene was 20.9 and for injured cases was 16.6. These values were 13.5 and 13.4 for unauthorized overtaking respectively. Corresponding for joint effects the population attributable risk was 31.6 for deaths and 27.8 for injuries.
Conclusion: The results illustrate the importance of speed control and unauthorized overtaking as a priority of RTIs in Iran. It is recommended that related laws and legislations should be pursued more seriously, and followed by more effectively.
S Namroodi , H Staji, E Mazandarani,
Volume 12, Issue 3 (10-2016)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Salmonella spp. are one of the most important zoonotic agents with a worldwide distribution. Asymptomatic cats which may excrete Salmonella. spp for weeks can play important role in environmental contamination. The aim of this study was to access the role of rural cats in dissemination of Salmonella. spp.
Methods: Salmonella excretion was evaluated in 170 samples (rectal swabs) of apparently healthy rural cats from Golestan and Mazandaran provinces using PCR and conventional microbial culture tests. After serotyping, the presence of spv R and spv B genes and the antibiotic resistance pattern of isolated Salmoella spp. were surveyed.
Results: Out of 170 samples, 25 (14.7%) cases with Salmonella spp., including: 13 (52%) cases of S enteritidis, 7(28%) cases of S Dublin, and 5 (20%) cases of S typhymurium were recovered.
The presence of spv R and spv B genes was detected in 5 out of 25 isolated Salmonella spp. The highest resistance of isolated Salmonella spp. was to Streptomycin, Lincospectin, and Tetracycline. The rate of Salmonella isolation was similar in male and female rural cats and also Golestan and Mazandaran provinces.
Conclusion: Detection of zoonotic serotypes of Salmonella spp with spv R and spv B genes and multidrug antibiotic resistance in apparently healthy rural cats make them a potential significant threat to public health. Similar studies on different populations of cats must be taken in consideration when prevention, control or eradication programs of salmonellosis are going to be carried out.
