Showing 7 results for Smoking
S Mehrabi, A Delavari, Gh Moradi, Esmailnasab N Esmailnasab, A Pooladi, S Alikhani, F Alaeddini,
Volume 3, Issue 1 (9-2007)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Tobacco smoking is known to cause a huge burden of disease throughout the world: smoking is responsible for 4 million deaths per year. This study is performed in order to fill the existing gaps in information regarding current trends for lifestyle and tobacco-related disease in Iran.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study performed with the help of a questionnaire and using a multi-stage cluster sampling method. The final sample size, after the screening of the data, was 84706 out of 89457 records.
Results: From a total of 84706 people in this study, 49.7% were men, 52% were uneducated and 64.8% cane from urban areas 79.9% did not smoke, 15.3% smoked actively, 2.1% were non-active smokers and 2.7% were ex-smokers. The prevalence of smoking was higher in people aged 35 to 64 years (P<0.001). Quitting rates increased with age, especially in women (P<0.001). Smoking was more prevalent in men (P<0.001) and in rural areas (P<0.001). The average number of cigarettes smoked per day was 14.69. Smoking prevalence was lower among adults with higher levels of education compared to those with lower education levels (P<0.001).
Conclusions: This nationwide survey provides a baseline for future longitudinal studies of smoking in Iran. There is a need for effective smoking prevention and cessation programs with a focus on the young population.
A Akbarzadeh Bagheban, A Beaji, Y Mehrabi, H Saadat,
Volume 5, Issue 3 (12-2009)
Abstract
Background and objective: Numerous studies have reported beneficial effects of smoking cessation in terms of decreased cardiovascular mortality in patients with coronary heart disease. This paper aimed to determine a valid estimate for the relative risk of mortality in subjects who quit smoking compared to those continued smoking.
Methods: All relevant prospective cohort studies of chronic heart disease published during 1975 to 2008 were considered. Studies with at least two years follow-up were eligible for analysis. The qualities of studies were assessed independently by two reviewers. In addition, to obtain a precise estimate, we used the sample size and the follow-up duration of each study as the covariates in the Bayesian meta-analysis model. The Winbugs and Boa softwares were utilized for fitting the Bayesian meta-analysis model.
Results: The estimate of relative risk of mortality for those who quit smoking compared to those continued smoking was 0.64 (95%CI: 0.57-0.70). We also did not find any significant relationship between the estimate of risk reduction and the described covariates.
Conclusions: Using this Bayesian meta-analysis, a 36% reduction in relative risk of mortality was found for those who quit smoking compared to those continued smoking, after eliminating the effects of study sample size and follow-up duration.
Me Riahi, A Aliverdinia, Mr Soleimani,
Volume 5, Issue 3 (12-2009)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Cigarette smoking is the one of unhealthy behaviors in human societies which it’s over increasing prevalence, particularly among students, has produced many concerns. The present study seeks to describe the scale of cigarette smoking attitude (CSA) and its correlation with social determinants among high school students in the Ghaemshahr city.
Methods: This cross-sectional study is conducted via survey method and data has been collected through a self-administered questionnaire. The subjects of the study were 400 third-grade students of Ghaemshahr city’s high schools who have been selected randomly on the basis of proportional stratified random sampling method. A self-administered questionnaire with 32-items including cognitive, emotional, and behavioral aspects of CSA applied.
Results: 82.6 percent of students reported negative CSA (anti-smoking), while 5.6 percent of them declared positive CSA. Descriptive results showed that students’ awareness about negative effects of cigarette smoking was relatively low and insufficient. Furthermore, the results of the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) showed that there were significant correlations between having positive CSA and subject of the study in high school, level of father’s education, social class of the family, and especially having smoker friends and parents.
Conclusions: It is concluded that students had low awareness and information about negative effects of cigarette smoking therefore more educational interventions should be implemented in high schools to increases the awareness and change their attitudes, Moreover, it should be emphasized that social environment, especially family and peer group (friends), play vital role in the formation of positive CSA and finally cigarette smoking.
A Mohammadpoorasl, A Fakhari , F Rostami , M Shamsipour ,
Volume 5, Issue 4 (3-2010)
Abstract
Background and objective: Cigarette smoking in adolescent population seems a major public health issue. The goal of the present study was to identify the effect of socio-personal factors on transitions in the adolescent smoking.
Methods: A total of 1785 students were assessed twice during 12 months. with respect to stage of change. The predictor variables were measured when the students were in the 10th grade. Logistic regression was used to predict different smoking stages at grade 11.
Results: At the end of follow-up, 14.3 percent of non-smokers have had smoking experiment, and 16.5 percent of smokers have showed to be the regular smokers. Among non smokers, using alcohol, friendship with smoker group were predictors of being regular smokers.
Conclusion: Smoking prevention program should begin in adolescent age group.
Mr Miri, Aa Ramazani, Gh Sharifzadeh, M Bahlgerdi,
Volume 9, Issue 4 (3-2014)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Smoking is a global problem and is the most important cause of death due to non- communicable diseases. This study was conducted to evaluate smoking and its correlates in male students in South Khorasan.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was undertaken in South Khorasan on high school male students. A sample of 2371 cases was selected through cluster multi stage sampling. The data was collected through a structured questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS software using chi-square and logistic regression tests.
Results: The prevalence of smoking was 12.3 per cent (285 cases).The most important motivating factors for smoking for the first time were curiosity, joy. The most important predictors of smoking were hookah consumption, the presence of a smoker in or outside the living place, and a negative attitude to smoking. Working father and education regarding smoking risks were preventive factors.
Conclusion: Special education and public awareness about the risks of smoking and establishment of consultation centers for adolescents can be major steps toward the prevention and control of smoking among students.
S Akbarpour, Y Jahangiri-Noudeh, M Lotfaliany , N Zafari, D Khalili, M Tohidi, Ma Mansournia, F Azizi, F Hadaegh,
Volume 11, Issue 2 (9-2015)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Considering the importance of CVD risk factors in diabetic and non-diabetic populations and the high prevalence of diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors, we studied the trend of anthropometric indexes, blood pressure, smoking and lipids in diabetic and non-diabetic populations.
Methods: The data of Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study was used in this investigation. The study population comprised 1045 diabetic and 5136 non-diabetic subjects. To investigate the secular longitudinal trends, the Generalized Estimation Equation method was employed. All statistical models were adjusted for age to eliminate the potential confounding effect of age. The interaction between the diabetes status and each phase of the study was checked in a separate model in GEE.
Results: Over a decade, the serum levels of TC, TGs, LDL-C and non HDL-C decreased although about 60% of the diabetic population did not reach the therapeutic goals of non-HDL-C and LDL-C levels until 2011. Control of hypertension was more successful in females, but about 60% of both males and females with diabetes were still hypertensive at the end of follow-up period. Smoking increased during the follow-up.
Conclusion: This study showed that among CVD risk factors, healthcare professionals paid more attention to hypercholesterolemia neglecting other risk factors including hypertension and central obesity.
A Etebarian Khorasgani , A Ghanbari Khanghah , A Paryad, Z Atrkar Roshan ,
Volume 15, Issue 3 (11-2019)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Lifestyle is a way that a person chooses throughout life and is an indicator that can affect physical and mental health. This study was conducted to determine the lifestyle of people in Rasht and its predictive factors.
Methods: This analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted in 1000 residents of 5 districts of Rasht. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and the Behavioral Health Questionnaire. SPSS software version 20 was used to analyze the data. Pearson correlation coefficient, independent t-test and linear regression were applied.
Results: The result showed that 50.3% of the participants were male and 49.7% were female. According to lifestyle, the rate of using alcohol, physical activity, breakfast, red meat, fruits, salt, and ready meal was 13.4%, 54.3%, 95.6%, 87.7%, 98.4%, 59.6%, and 45.9%, respectively. The majority of the research units (70.1%) never smoked. The mean sleep time was 7.45 ± 63/1 hours.
Conclusion: Based on the results, promotion of nutritional knowledge, increased awareness of the disadvantages of smoking, availability of healthy food at a reasonable price, and physical activity are important factors for lifestyle improvement.
