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Health Impact Assessment of Household Waste Management: A Scoping Review
Niloufar Bahrampour, Seyed Vahid Ahmadi Tabatabaei, Maryam Faraji, Aliakbar Haghdoost,
Volume 21, Issue 1 (6-2025)
Abstract
ackground and Objectives: Waste refers to solid, liquid, and gaseous materials (excluding sewage) generated from human activities and considered discardable by the producer. The production of household waste also rises with the increase in population. Therefore, evaluating the effects of household waste management on health is a critical issue. Effective interventions can be implemented to mitigate its impacts by identifying the problems and risks associated with this type of waste.
Methods: This study is a scoping review aimed at health impact assessment of household waste management. In this study, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science electronic databases were searched in English between 2014 and 2024, and the results were entered into Endnote software and screened.
Results: From the initial search of 3,504 studies, 109 full-text articles were ultimately included in the review. The results indicated that most of the research was conducted in developing countries. The primary data collection tools were laboratory samples, and most of the studies were quantitative. Most of these studies have focused on the effects of household waste management on physical health, while the least explored dimension was spiritual health.
Conclusion: This study shows that household waste management, in addition to its effects on physical health and environmental pollution, can affect mental, social, and spiritual health. Therefore, by identifying these effects, we should seek solutions for better household waste management to minimize negative health effects.

Assessment of Immunity Status Against Hepatitis B and C among Staff in Different Sections of a Waste Processing and Disposal Facility
Masud Yunesian, Hosna Janjani, Zohreh Bahmani, Kamyar Yaghmaeian, Fatemeh Yousefian, Mina Aghaei,
Volume 21, Issue 2 (9-2025)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The increased production of infectious and sharp waste in waste disposal centers has created significant health risks for staff in these facilities. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of serological markers of hepatitis B and C among staff of the Aradkuh Waste Processing and Disposal Complex in Tehran.
Methods: In this study, 89 staff from four different sections—administrative, pre-processing, post-processing (composting), and landfill were selected through convenience sampling, and their blood samples were tested for HBsAg, Anti-HBs, and Anti-HCV markers using the ELISA method. The anti-Hepatitis B antibody titer (Anti-HBs) was categorized into three levels: complete immunity (>100 IU/L), partial immunity (10-100 IU/L), and no immunity (<10 IU/L). The results were reported based on the staff in different sections.
Results: The results showed that 25% of the staff lacked protective immunity against hepatitis B, while 57% were completely immune, and 18% had partial immunity. The staff in the preprocessing unit were at the most significant risk, with 50% lacking protective immunity, whereas the administrative staff had the best immunity status, with 76% being fully immune. Regarding active hepatitis B infection (HBsAg positive), two individuals (11%) in the primary processing group and one individual (4%) in the post-processing (compost) group tested positive.
Conclusion: The results of the present study indicated that a significant percentage of staff lacked adequate immunity to hepatitis B. Additionally, positive cases of HBsAg and anti-HCV were identified. The staff involved in primary and final processing were at high risk of contracting hepatitis B and C due to frequent contact with urban waste containing used syringes, drug vials, sharp objects, and infectious waste. This highlights the importance of widespread vaccination, continuous monitoring of safety status, and implementation of occupational safety standards to reduce the risks of exposure to infectious waste and sharps. These findings can serve as a valuable basis for designing preventive interventions to promote occupational health among personnel in this field.

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