Journal of

Background and Aim: Adverse drug reactions are inevitable outcomes of drug therapy, which may cause mortality and morbidity for those whom are treated in this way. Cutanous adverse drug reactions are abserved in 2% to 3% of inpatients but only 2% of them are considered serious and may cause death. The aim of this study was to determine the cause and clinical forms of adverse drug reactions referred to department of dermatology.

Methods: This cross-sectional study that was done on patients with diagnosis of cutanous adverse drug reactions in 2007 and 2009. All patients suspected with diagnosis of adverse drug reactions were examined by an experienced dermatologist for determination of different kinds of clinical manifestations.

Results: During the study period, 308 patients were recruited. Cutanous adverse drug reactions were found to be more frequent in females (63%) than in males (37%). Betalactam antibiotics were found to be the most frequent cause of adverse cutaneous drug reactions (42.7%), followed by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (16.5%). Acute urticaria was the most frequent observed drug reaction (59.2%) followed by fixed drug eruption (18.5%) and maculopapular rashes (14.9%).

Conclusion: In this study adverse cutaneous drug reactions was mainly induced by betalactam antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The most common forms of cutaneous adverse drug reactions were found to be: acute urticaria, fixed drug eruption and maculopapular rashes.

Background and Aim: Hirsutism is defined as the presence of terminal hairs in androgen dependent areas like upper lip, cheeks, chin, breasts, lower area of abdomen and thigh in women. The aim of this study was to determine the etiologic factors and clinical features of hirsutism in premenopausal women.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 180 premenopausal women with hirsutism who were admitted at a referral dermatologic clinic in a 1-year period were investigated. After taking full medical history and performing physical examinations, a transabdominal ultrasonography of the ovaries, and laboratory evaluation including early morning total and free serum testosterone, prolactin, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, FSH, LH and 17-hydroxyprogestron in all patients were performed.

Results: The most common causes of hirsutism were idiopathic (51.1%), polycystic ovarian syndrome (37.7%), hyperprolactinemia (4.4%), adrenal hyperplasia (3.8%), and drug-induced (2.8%). Hirsutism was mild in 93 (51.6%) patients, moderate in 78 (43.3%) patients and severe in 9  (5%) patients. Family history of hirsutism was present in 100 patients. Clinical conditions associated with hirsutism were: acne (58.3%), obesity (55.5%), menstrual irregularity (38.8%), androgenic alopecia (17.7%) and acanthosis negricans (8.4%).

Conclusion: Idiopathic hirsutism and polycystic ovary syndrome were the most common causes of the hirsutism in premenopausal women. Obesity also had a significant role in hirsutism occurrence.

Background and Aim: Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common contagious infectious disease. Because of the current limited knowledge about the etiology of this disease and its associated complications, especially nails lesions, we conducted this study to determine the prevalence of the nail disorders in children with HFMD.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 84 children whom were referred to Bo Ali Sina Hospital in Sari, in 2013 and 2014, and were diagnosed as HFMD, were recruited using a census sampling method. Diagnosis of HFMD was made by a dermatologist or a pediatrician based on the clinical findings. Then, the skin lesions were recorded and the nails of all HFMD patients were examined to detect any nail disorder (onychomadesis, transverse ridging, etc.). Nail examinations were repeated fortnightly up to 8 weeks after the first visit. During this follow-up period, through using a questionnaire, the type of the nail lesions and their relationship with HFMD were recorded.

Results: The mean±standard deviation (SD) age of the patients was 38.2±19.5 months, and 58.3% of the patients were male. At the time of HFMD diagnosis, 30 (35.7%) patients had hand and nail involvement. Thirty-one cases (36.9%) had toenails involvement. Onychomadesis frequency was higher 4 weeks after initiation of the disease in comparison with 2 weeks after the onset of illness (15.5% vs. 1.2%, P<0.001) and 6 weeks after the beginning of the disease compared to 4 weeks after the disease onset (29.8% vs. 15.5%, P=0.001) the frequency of nail involvement at 8 weeks after the disease onset compared to 6 weeks after the beginning of HFMD was decreased (17.9% vs. 29.8%, P=0.007).

Conclusion: It is necessary to take measures for early detection and treatment of involved nails in HFMD. Periodic follow-up visits is recommended too.

Background and Aim: Marine seaweeds are a valuable source of bioactive ingeredients with the possibility of different effects in cosmeceutical industries such as skin health products. One of the main characteristics of the skin is moisture which plays an important role in maintaining metabolism, enzymatic activity, mechanical properties, appearance and protective barrier. The objective of the present study was to formulate the water extract of brown algae Sargassum tenerrimum with antioxidant and antibacterial properties as a moisturizing cream to evaluate physicochemical stability and microbial growth.
 

Methods: Algae were collected from the Persian Gulf intertidal zone and was washed with seawater, then transferd to Seafood Processing Laboratory in Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources for extraction process, after that formulation of 1% moisturizing cream was made at Center for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and LeprosyTehran University of Medical Scinces. Statistical analysis of antibacterial properties of water extract was performed by SPSS software version 22 and one way ANONA was used to analyse the data. The comparison between the means were investigated by Duncan’s test used for measuring significant differences at 5 percent level. Finally, the charts were created by using Excel software. The results of the study were reported as mean ± standard deviation.
 

Results: According to the results, the prepared 1% cream was completely stable and homogeneous in room temperature and oven for 6 months and successfully passed microbial tests.
 

Conclusion: In view of the above mentioned, the manufactured cream efficacy was well done and can be introduce as a skin moisturizing agent.