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Demographic, clinical and histopathological characteristics in different kinds of cicatricial alopecias
Hamidreza Ghasemi Basir, Mahmood Farshchian, Pedram Alirezaei, Mahdis Jahani,
Volume 5, Issue 4 (Volume 5, Number 4 2015)
Abstract

Background and Aim: Cicatricial alopecia is the result of irreversible substitution of hair follicles with fibrotic tissue and presents as permanent loss of hair. Only a few studies have investigated the clinical and histopathological characteristics of cicatricial alopecia in Iran. The aim of this study was to determine the demographic, clinical and histopathological characteristics of patients with cicatricial alopecia who referred to our dermatology outpatient clinic in Farshchian hospital in a two year period, and to evaluate the diagnostic value of histopathologic criteria in diagnosing different kinds of cicatricial alopecias.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Eighty nine patients who underwent skin biopsy due to clinical diagnosis of cicatricial alopecia were included. Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients as well as clinical diagnosis were recorded and the biopsy samples were evaluated by two different pathologists who were unaware of each other's diagnosis. Histopathological diagnosis of patients according to each pathologist's opinion was recorded separately and statistical analysis was performed to obtain the coincidence coefficient between two pathological diagnosis.

Results: The most common forms of cicatricial alopecias due to clinical and histopathological diagnosis were: lichen planopilaris, disciod lupus erythematosus, alopecia areata, pseudopelade of Brocq, folliculitis decalvans and central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia. Moreover, our findings showed a powerful coincidence coefficient between clinical diagnosis and the first pathologist diagnosis (kappa=0.836), an average to powerful coincidence coefficient between the second pathologist diagnosis and clinical diagnosis
(kappa=0.703) and finally an average to powerful coincidence coefficient between the two pathologists diagnosis
(kappa=0.663).

Conclusion: Diagnosis of cicatricial alopecia depends upon clinical and also histopathological examination. Diagnostic value of histopathological criteria even at the end of scarring process when there is considerable overlap between microscopic findings of different etiologies of cicatricial alopecias is still acceptable and there is no need to re-evaluate the biopsy specimen by a second pathologist in order to confirm the diagnosis.

Efficacy of licorice extract in the treatment of melasma: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
Simin Shamsi Meymandi, Siavash Mohammadzadeh Shanehsaz, Mehdi Ansari Dogaheh, Yunes Jahani,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (Volume 7, Number 1 2016)
Abstract

Background and Aim: Melasma is a common acquired disorder characterized by symmetric, hyperpigmented patches with an irregular outline, occurring most commonly on the face. The goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a cream containing 4% licorice extract with a novel formulation based on solid lipid nanoparticles technology in the treatment of melasma. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first study designed to investigate the efficacy of this novel formulation in the treatment of melasma all over the world.

Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 44 women with clinical diagnosis of melasma referred to the Afzalipour hospital dermatology clinic were randomly allocated into two treatment groups of equal size. All the patients were interviewed and examined every four weeks during the trial and their Modified Melasma Area and Severity Index (MMASI) score were evaluated at 4, 8 and 12 weeks. The efficacy of the interventions were classified in four levels: complete response, significant response, partial response and no response.

Results: Forty patients were enrolled in the study. At the end of the study (12 weeks), mean± standard deviation of MMASI score changed from 11.03±2.7 to 1.41±0.6 in the intervention group and from 11.25±2.9 to 2.37±1.2 in the placebo group, respectively (P<0.001).

Conclusion: Licorice extract can be used as a skin-lightening agent with minimal side effect in the treatment of melasma. Nano/micro solid lipid particles are used as carriers with unique properties like size, surface electrical bar. Moreover, a large amount of the drug might be loaded to increase the efficacy and decrease the adverse events.


Comparison of the efficacy of isotretinoin 0.05% niosomal gel versus adapalen 0.1% gel in the treatment of acne vulgaris: A randomized, double-blind clinical trial
Saman Mohammadi, Payam Khazaeli, Simin Shamsi Meymandi, Mahin Aflatoonian, Maryam Khalili Meybodi, Niloofar Mehrolhasani, Azadeh Mohebi, Yuns Jahani,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (Volume 7, Number 2 2016)
Abstract

Background and Aim: Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous unit. Retinoids are used as the first line therapy in acne. Systemic absorption and skin irritation including redness, pruritus and exfoliation are some of their side effects. In this study we compared the efficacy of isotretinoin 0.05% niosomal gel versus adapalen 0.1% gel in treatment of acne vulgaris.

Methods: In this randomized double blind clinical trial, 144 patients with mild to moderate acne vulgaris aged from 15 to 30 years were enrolled. The patients were randomly allocated into two groups of A, whom were treated with isotretinoin 0.05% niosomal gel and B whom were treated with adapalen 0.1% gel. The patients were evaluated for clinical reponse, decrease in the number of inflammatory and non-inflammatory lesions and side effects after 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks of the initiation of treatment.

Results: At the end of the study the clinical responses of comedones and inflammatory lesions in isotretinoin 0.05% niosomal gel group were 68% and 79%, in comparison with 65% and 76% in the adapalen gel group,  respectively. The differences were not statistically significant. At the end of the treatment period more decrease in number of inflammatory and non-inflammatory lesions were seen in group A patients (niosomal isotretinoin) than group B (adapalen 0.1% gel) (P<0.001). Also side effect of skin redness was found more in group B (P<0.001).

Conclusion: Isotretinoin 0.05% niosomal gel has less side effects and more efficacy in the treatment of mild to moderate acne vulgaris in comparison with adapalen 0.1% gel.


Bed bug bite, as an important health and urban pest
Ismaeil Alizadeh, Elham Jahanifard, Mona Sharififard,
Volume 11, Issue 2 (Volume 11, No2 2020)
Abstract
Bed bug (Cimex lectularius) is an nocturnal insect that feeding on human blood at all stages of them life, and known as a human ectoparasite. Bed bug is usually feeding from the face, neck, arms, arms, shoulders, legs, and especially parts of the body that are bare during sleep. Persons reaction differently to bed bug bites and may experience minor itching to severe allergies. Symptoms usually appear after 1 to 24 hours and usually include small red cluster papules less than 5 mm in diameter and at a short distance from each other, with severe inflammation and itching. In general, the most important characteristic of those three points is a linear or curve sequence on the body, which is called “breakfast, lunch and dinner” pattern. There are numerous reports of house infestation and the bite of this blood-feeding insect on the body of persons in the country annually, and in initial the majority of the public is unable to correctly identify the symptoms of bed bug bites. So, this article by presenting the key points can be guide for identifying the bite symptoms of this allergenic insect, by doctors and specialists, especially dermatologists, for the timely treatment of the patient.
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