Esmaeil Alizadeh, Abbas Aghaei Afshar, Mohammadamin Gorouhi, Faeghe Shiri,
Volume 11, Issue 4 (1-2021)
Abstract
Introduction: Fleas are small, blood-sucking insects that can transmit some pathogens to human and animals.
Case Report: This paper presents a 21-year-old woman with severe skin reactions in her right forearm. After initial examinations, the symptoms were recognized as skin reaction caused by the bite of some human blood-sucking insects. Finally, after 15 days of flea bites, the symptoms were treated with topical after bite cream and oral antihistamines. In order to prevent and control the infestation of this blood-sucking pest, public awareness should be increased specially in at risk populations.
Conclusion: Increasing awareness among physicians, about the symptoms of this health pest can help to accelerate treatment process.
Malahat Khateri Roodbordeh, Nahid Hassanzadeh Nemati,
Volume 11, Issue 4 (1-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Lesions of the skin can impair its vital function to protect humans against external pathogens. Therefore, producing a suitable wound dressing to repair injuries is always one of the challenges of researchers. The present study aims to Synthesize a hydrogel film for wound dressing applications.
Methods: In this research, a hydrogel film of polyvinyl alcohol / hyaluronic acid / nano zinc oxide was fabricated for application as a wound dressing. For this purpose, three films with different percentages were prepared using the solvent casting method. The synthesized samples were characterized using FTIR, SEM, XRD, and tensile tests.
Results: Evaluation of the morphology of the samples showed that the increase of zinc oxide nanoparticles led to porosity and growth of their size in the films. It was also characterized that the percentage of film elongation increased with increasing nanoparticles of zinc oxide and hyaluronic acid. The elongation percentage from the lowest amount of nano zinc oxide to the maximum (5, 10 and 15% of weight was 159%, 166%, and 230%, respectively. The MTT study indicated the cell viability above 80% in all three films.
Conclusion: A film containing 15% zinc oxide can be a suitable option for using in tissue engineering and wound dressing.
Zahra Shadabi, Athar Moin, Ali Davati,
Volume 11, Issue 4 (1-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Patients' complaints against doctors and medical malpractice is one of the most serious and challenging issues in the medical profession. Due to the importance of this issue and the lack of sufficient information about skin and beauty complaints in the medical system. The purpose of this study is to investigate and identify skin and beauty complaints referred to the Tehran Medical System Organization.
Methods: In this descriptive-analytical and retrospective study, all cases of complaints of medical malpractice in the field of dermatology in the medical system of Tehran province from 2014 to 2019 were reviewed and after collecting information, the data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software (SPSS Statistics 25).
Results: Of the total cases, 1.6% were related to skin and beauty. Most of the plaintiffs were female (79.8%) and single (59.6%). The attending physicians were mostly male (79.8%) and general practitioner (48.1%). The most common type was private medical center (95.2%). The most common complaints were treatment complications (36.7%), most of which were related to the side effects of Botox or fat injections (15.4%) and then laser complications (12.5%). The most common type of negligence was carelessness (30%) and 20.7% of cases were declared negligent. The highest percentage of verdicts was written reprimand and inclusion in the file (42.3%).
Conclusion: Physicians should avoid engaging in unrelated disciplines and unscientific practices. Reducing financial relationships and emphasizing the physician's proper interaction with the patient and adhering to a professional commitment are helpful in preventing complaints.
Sina Khanali, Alirezaei Pedram , Jalal Poorolajal,
Volume 11, Issue 4 (1-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Atrophic scars constitute a common complication of acne and various methods have been proposed for their treatment. This study aims at comparing the efficacy of fractional CO2 laser with microneedling in the management of atrophic acne scars.
Methods: Patients with atrophic acne scars presenting to dermatology clinic of Hamadan’s Sina hospital between March 2016 and March 2018 were included in the study. Every 3 weeks, each patient received fractional CO2 laser on one side of the face and microneedling on the other side, for a total of 4 sessions. Patient’s satisfaction and the severity of scars (based on Goodman and Baron’s scar scale) were assessed 1, 2 and 6 months thereafter.
Results: Overall, 24 participants were included. Prior to intervention, no significant difference was observed between groups in terms of mean scar score (P=0.726). At 1, 2 and 6month follow-up visits, the scar score of the side treated with laser was significantly lower than the microneedling side (P for 1, 2 and 6month follow-up visits: 0.033, 0.008 and 0.014). No significant difference was observed between groups in terms of patient’s satisfaction (P for 1, 2 and 6 month follow-up visits: 0.589, 0.469 and 0.840). The most prevalent side effect was erythema in 3 patients treated with laser. Due to low prevalence, statistical analysis of side effects between groups was impossible.
Conclusion: Compared to microneedling, fractional CO
2 laser was more effective in reducing the scar score of patients. The prevalence of side effects in both treatments were low.
Sara Bahrainian, Atefeh Naeimifar, Saman Ahmad Nasrollahi,
Volume 11, Issue 4 (1-2021)
Abstract
Full term newborns have a skin that rapidly develops towards adult skin. From the anatomical point of view, the differences are limited, but some changes at birth are responsible for the physiological differences between the skin of infants and adults. Newborns skin exhibits the same barrier function and absorption properties as adults, but external conditions for newborns may be different from those for adults, and these differences may lead to different skin absorption profiles between these two groups. Also, a baby's temperature regulation (transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and sweating) is not completely developed and the skin becomes easily infected, which is mainly due to changes in pH and immaturity of the skins defense system. This implies why only cosmetics with safe ingredients should be used for newborns. The initial aim is to formulate a simple, pure, gentle and pathogen-free product. Systemic side effects are not expected with washable products but should be taken into account for leave-on products. Great attention should be given to cosmetic products used in the napkin area, especially where there is a possibility of rash. If necessary, more safety precautions should be taken for these products.
Fatemeh Mohaghegh, Zahra Talebzadeh, Mahsa Bahraminejad,
Volume 11, Issue 4 (1-2021)
Abstract
Introduction: Tinea capitis is the most common skin infection on the scalp and an uncommon dermatophytosis in adults. Its clinical appearance varies greatly depending on the causative organism, the type of hair involvement and the extent of the patient inflammatory response. Its common features are fragmented hair loss with varying degrees of scaling and erythema. However, if the clinical symptoms are mild, the diagnosis can be challenging.
Case report: We report a case of tinea capitis in a 60-year-old woman who initially had few clinical symptoms and according to the biopsy result and the presence of fibrosis, lichenpilanopilaris (LPP) were diagnosed and she received related treatment with methotrexate and cyclosporine, but after 4 months, no response to treatment and exacerbation of symptoms were observed. Tinea capitis was diagnosed and the patient was given appropriate treatment.
Conclusion: Tinea capitis can imitate clinical features of lichenplanopilaris and mistreatment with corticosteroids can lead to extension of the disease.
Mansour Nassiri Kashani,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (5-2021)
Abstract
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Hamed Hosseini, Rojin Firooz, Alireza Firooz,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (5-2021)
Abstract
The fifth paper of reviews on COVID-19 addresses COVID-19 vaccines, as vaccination has started in the world and Iran. In this paper, we review different types of available vaccines and also various platforms for production of COVID-19 vaccines as well as the vaccines produced in each platform in the world and Iran. Then the considerations about vaccination in patients with skin diseases, specially those using immunomodulator drugs will be presented. Finally, the cutaneous adverse effects of COVID-19 vaccines will be reviewed.
Mohammadreza Sobhan, Faezeh Mohammadi, Elham Khanlarzadeh, Mohammad Faryadras,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (5-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Warts are benign tumors caused by different types of human papillomavirus. Different methods are used in the treatment of warts. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness, side effects and number of treatment sessions of CO2 laser and cryotherapy in the treatment of plantar warts
Methods: Seventy patients (140 feet) with plantar warts on both feet who referred to the dermatology clinic of Farshchian (Sina) Hospital in Hamadan during 2019-2020 were selected by convenience sampling method. The warts were randomly treated with either CO2 laser or cryotherapy on each foot. After treatment, patients were evaluated every two weeks for up to five sessions for requirement of treatment repetitions and assessment the extent of healing. In the cases with
non-healing lesion, treatment was repeated once every two weeks for up to five sessions.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 22.11±8.73 years, and 35.7% were male and 64.3% were female. In the CO2 laser and cryotherapy groups, the frequency of recovery rate was 81.4% and 41.4%, (P<0.001), and the mean number of treatment sessions was 1.90±0.84 and 3.55±0.69 (P<0.001) respectively. Frequency and type of side effects in the CO2 laser and cryotrapy group was pain 25.7% and 94.3% (P<0.001), itching zero and 32.9% (P<0.001), blisters 2.9% and 82.9% (P<0.001) and hyperpigmentation with zero and 12.9% (P=0.003), respectively.
Conclusion: CO2 laser is more effective than cryotherapy in less number of sessions and with less side effects for the treatment of plantar warts
Sepehr Zargaran, Soroush Mohitmafi, Ali Anisian,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (5-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Alopecia by reduction of hair follicles at the wound healing site is a complication of cryosurgery that creates an unpleasant appearance in the scar of healed tissue. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of low level laser on preventing necrosis of hair follicles and increasing hair follicles in cryosurgery induced wounds.
Methods: Fifty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 2 main experimental and control groups (with and without low power laser) and 5 subgroups. Histopathological examination of the amount of hair follicle count and angiogenesis at intervals of 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days was performed in the laboratory. SPSS software was used for statistical analysis.
Results: There was no significant difference in the angiogenesis had significantly index between the main groups on days 14 and 21 (P>0.05), but on days 3, 7 and 28, the experimental group had significantly higher angiogenesis than the control group. Throughout the days, both groups showed a significant increase in angiogenesis (P<0.05), except for the third and seventh days in the control group, and in both groups between the 21st and 28th days (P>0.05). In the comparison of hair follicle index, there was an increase on all days, which was significantly higher in the experimental group than the control group (P<0.05). However, no statistical difference was observed between the third and seventh days (P>0.05).
Conclusion: The use of low-power lasers on cryosurgery induced wounds with scars and alopecia can prevent hair follicles necrosis and subsequent increase in their numbers in rats.
Mohamad Ahmadpanah, Amir Amini, Zahra Cheraghi, Pedram Alirezaei,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (5-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Acne vulgaris is one of the most common skin disorders, affecting more than eighty percent of individuals around puberty. Because of the adverse effects on the patient’s appearance, the disease may have detrimental psychological impacts such as low self-esteem and social isolation. The aim of the present study was to evaluate factors affecting self-esteem in patients with acne vulgaris in Hamadan.
Methods: Patients with acne vulgaris referred to the dermatology clinic of Hamadan’s Sina Hospital (as the case group), and their healthy accompanying persons (as the control group) were included in the study. After obtaining written informed consent, demographic dat
a were recorded and participants were asked to fill out a questionnaire. To assess the severity of acne, Global Acne Grading System (GAGS) was used. In addition, Coopersmith Inventory was applied to measure the self-esteem of the participants. In data were analyzed using STATA 14.0 software.
Results: Overall, 184 patients with acne and 177 controls were included in this study. The mean age of patients and controls was 17.89+3.13 and 17.72+2.94, respectively. Independent samples t-test showed that the mean Self-Esteem Index of patients was significantly lower than controls (32.04+8.29 vs. 34.85+7.73, P<0.001). The severity of acne was inversely correlated with self-esteem; one score increase in GAGS would result in 0.1 unit decrease in self-esteem index (P<0.001).
Conclusion: Acne vulgaris is associated with low self-esteem and the severity of acne is inversely correlated with self-esteem level.
Rezvan Amiri, Saman Mohamadi, Maryam Khalili, Ali Fatehi, Asma Sabermahany, Mahin Aflatoonian,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (5-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Care of patients with skin diseases may lead to high financial costs and burden on health system for societies and family members. In this study, we decided to evaluate the costs of treatments of patients admitted in the dermatology ward of Afzalipour Hospital, Kerman.
Methods: This is a retrospective, cross-sectional study performed from 2011 to 2017 on patients admitted in the dermatologic ward of Afzalipour Hospital. Demographic features of patients, duration of admission, cost of treatment, number and type of prescribed drugs as well as the patients’ and insurance organizations’ shares of the cost were recorded.
Results: In this study, 940 patients were evaluated for six years. The mean age of the patients was 38.05±22.35 years and most of them were female. The mean duration of admission was 8.42±2.54 days. The insurance companies’ and patients’ shares of the fees were 93.8% and 6.2%, respectively. The highest costs belonged to prescribed drugs (37.9%) and hoteling (30.3%). The most common prescribed drugs were antihistamines (33.1%), topical steroids (27.7%) and systemic steroids (24.5%). The mean number of prescribed drugs in each admission was 6.30±4.02 (range
0-20). Patients suffering from Erythema and urticaria had the total highest costs of admission (81,360,000 Iran Rials).
Conclusion: In this study, the most frequent skin diseases were infectious and papulosquamous diseases. The highest and lowest cost of admission belonged to prescribed drugs and consultations, respectively. Also, the highest cost of admission belonged to patients with erythema and urticaria.
Sa’di Bayazidi, Abbas Bakhshipour, Marziyeh Alivandi Vafa,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (5-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The presence of variables such as stress, depression and anxiety can overshadow the life of any individual and deviate them from the main path and consequently, from achieving their goals. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the efficacy of commitment and acceptance based therapy (ACT) on reducing stress, depression and anxiety in people with gastrointestinal and skin disorders.
Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design, utilizing a control group. The recraited population included all patients with skin and hair disorders, as well as gastrointestinal disorders of psychosomatic origin who visited the clinics of internal medicine physicians and dermatologists and the clinics and hospitals in Bukan in 2019. Among 30 patients who had the highest score in the short form of DASS-21 Depression, Anxiety and Stress Questionnaire were purposefully selected and then randomly divided into experimental (15) and control groups (15). The protocol of ACT sessions based on Hayes's (2002) approach was administered to the experimental group for eight 1.5 hour sessions in one month, two sessions per week. The data were analyzed by SPSS software using covariance analysis.
Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between the means of the experimental and control groups in the variables of stress, depression and anxiety. In fact, ACT reduced the mean stress (7.47±1.959), depression (6.47±1.187), and anxiety (6.67±1.345) in the posttest stage.
Conclusion: Considering the efficacy of this type of treatment, this program is deemed to be a good option for therapists who work in counseling centers and psychological clinics.
Javad Rahmati, Hosseinali Abdolrazaghi, Seyedsaheb Hoseininejad, Hojat Molaei,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (5-2021)
Abstract
Introduction: Auricular reconstruction of partial ear defects is usually challenging, especially in extended resections or traumas. Helical rim is the most noticeable part of ear with aesthetic significance, which demands detailed procedures. Helical rim advancement is a known procedure to reshape lacerated rim. In the original technique, a chondrocutaneous flap is raised in order to preserve the posterior skin and consequently, the blood supply.
Case Report: Due to auricle’s rich blood supply, we selected an inferiorly based flap of helical rim, which we incised completely, even the posterior skin, in order to advance the flap more freely to the cephalic side and relaxed cephalically. In five patients with helix tumors, this reconstructive procedure was done without threatening the blood supply and flap ischemia. Moreover, posterior skin traction or subsequent deformity, as one of concerns of reconstructive surgeons, were also eradicated.
Conclusion: It appears that this modification can be noteworthy in auricular reconstruction.
Maryam Ghiasi, Mahshidsadat Ansari, Maryam Nasimi, Farnaz Pourrajab,
Volume 12, Issue 2 (8-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that is caused by an inflammatory process stimulated by Th2 cells. Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. It is associated with an increase in sebum secretion, unusual pilosebaceous keratinization and an increased inflammatory immune response. Propionibacterium acne can induce IL-17 production and Th1/Th17 response. The present study was designed to determine the prevalence of atopic dermatitis in patients with acne.
Methods: In this case-control study, the case group consisted of 75 individuals with acne and the control group consisted of 75 individuals without acne matched in age and gender. Both groups were interviewed for atopic dermatitis, asthma and allergic rhinitis symptoms in the past and present.
Results: Prevalence of atopic dermatitis at present in patients who had acne was significantly lower than those who did not have acne. There was no significant difference between case and control groups in frequency of atopic dermatitis in the past and frequency of asthma and allergic rhinitis in the present and past time.
Conclusion: The inverse relationship between prevalence of acne and atopic dermatitis can be related to activation of different immune responses (Th1 versus Th2), but more studies should be done to confirm this relationship.
Zahrabeigom Moosavi, Alireza Firooz,
Volume 12, Issue 2 (8-2021)
Abstract
The sixth article of COVID-19 review series is published while the virus is invading the world. In this issue, lastest findings about skin manifestations of this disease, skin diseases course, also diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 and skin reactions due to vaccines are presented.
Atefeh Naeimifar, Saman Ahmad Nasrollahi,
Volume 12, Issue 2 (8-2021)
Abstract
Microneedles consist of micron-sized projections similar to needles. They are capable of piercing through the stratum corneum and increase the permeation of active ingredients. Besides active pharmaceutical ingredients, microneedles can also deliver cosmetic agents, biotherapeutics like insulin and vaccines and also are used in diagnostic purposes. This article examines the types of microneedles. It also describes the function, classification, and differences between them.
Shabnam Fahim, Seyedmohamad Ghazanfari Hashemi, Ahmadreza Taheri, Amir Teimourpour, Nafiseh Esmaeili, Narges Ghandi,
Volume 12, Issue 2 (8-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aim: So far, the relationship between patient experiences and the quality of services provided to them has not been widely studied. However, evidence suggests that improving patient experiences can improve clinical outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine the satisfaction of parents of children referring to the pediatric clinic as well as the related factors.
Methods: This descriptive study was conducted using a pre-designed Press Ganey questionnaire in Persian language and through interviews with 207 parents of children who referred to the pediatric clinic of Razi Dermatology Hospital in 2018.
Results: Of the 207 participants, 87 were fathers (42%) and 105 were mothers (50.7%). The remaining 15 had other relationships with the child. Overall satisfaction (recommending our clinic to others) was 62.8%. Also, 72.5% of the participants believed they would recommand their doctors. The lowest level of satisfaction was due to the lack of introduction of clinic staff and the difficulties in setting up an appointment. The factors that most closely correlate with the patient's overall satisfaction included respectively: the cheerfulness of the visit by the doctor, the confidence in the doctor, and the likelihood of recommending the doctor.
Conclusion: The relationship between a physician and a patient is significantly related to the quality of patients' experiences in the pediatric dermatology clinic. Families and patients, when evaluating their experiences, focused on clear language and doctor's sensitivity.
Ensieh Lotfali, Zahra Cheraghi, Yasamin Farzaneh, Zakieh Dehbashi, Mahtab Dorrian, Mahyar Keymaram, Azam Fattahi,
Volume 12, Issue 2 (8-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Onychomycosis is an infection caused by yeast, filamentous and non-filamentous fungi, due to diverse conditions. This study aimed to investigate the pattern of azole susceptibility of candidate species isolated from Iranian patients in Tehran.
Methods: After sampling from patients, identification of the isolated strains were performed with Candida chrom agar medium and PCR-sequencing test. Drug Susceptibility pattern of the species to fluconazole, itraconazole and ketoconazole were determined by CLSI-M27-A3/S4 standard method.
Results: In this study, 34 candidate isolates were identified, of which 26 isolates (76.5%) were Candida albicans and 8 isolates (23.5%) were Candida glabrata. In fluconazole, 4 (11%) of the isolates were dose-dependent sensitive and the others were sensitive. In itraconazole, 21 (61%) dose-dependent isolates and 2 (5%) resistant isolates were identified, and in ketoconazole, all isolates were sensitive. The geometric mean (GM) of the minimum inhibitory concentration for fluconazole, itraconazole and ketoconazole was 0.32, 0.21 and 0.15 μg/mL, respectively. In this study, the most frequently isolated species was C. albicans. According to the GM values, the most effective azoles was ketoconazole.
Conclusion: The prevalence and pattern of susceptibility of Candida species to azole may vary in different populations of patients. Therefore, it is recommended that the clinicians pay attention to the results of drug susceptibility tests and then treat patients by considering drug interactions and side effects.
Amir Hosseinalibeygi, Morteza Kashani, Mansour Nassiri Kashani,
Volume 12, Issue 2 (8-2021)
Abstract
Sports and the development of nations are very much intertwined. Sports dermatology is a growing discipline. Athletes’ skin diseases are a distinct group of diseases, and that repetitive physical activity combined with environmental stressors puts the athlete at the highest level of risk.The purpose of this study is to equip physicians with basic knowledge of skin diseases in athletes. Lack of knowledge about the role of exercise in the pathogenesis of skin diseases can lead to delayed diagnosis and consequently, incorrect treatment. Skin diseases can be caused directly or indirectly by exercise; there are some skin diseases which exist in a person but appear or intensify with the onset of exercise.
In general, before an athlete should exercise, he should be examined dermatologically to prevent the spread of skin diseases. They should be considered especially for lesions on the less noticeable areas such as the back and inner side of ears. It is better to prepare a map of the patient’s lesions that can be tracked over time, which the possibility of following their changes (Body Mapping).
Athletes should have no general symptoms such as fever for 72 hours before exercising. There should be no secretory skin lesions, otherwise, it is necessary to receive treatments before going to the gym and using the equipment to ensure that the disease does not spread to others.
