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Showing 26 results for Cancer
Identification of key genes in melanoma metastasis and investigating their potential as biomarkers
Pegah Abbasi, Maryam Peymani, Dariush Farhud, Hamidreza Mahmoudi, Kamran Ghaedi,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (8-2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Considering the high global incidence of skin cancer and the high mortality rate caused by melanoma, it is important to identify the genes involved in this disease and predict effective drugs. Therefore, in this study, we have identified and investigated the expression level of effective and key genes in melanoma metastasis, as well as investigating their diagnostic potential as biological markers and finding effective drugs on the expression of these genes.
 
Methods: In this study, we have used 46 cancer samples without metastasis and 12 cancer samples with metastasis from the GEO database and from the GSE15605 study with 74 samples including 16 normal samples. Gene expression profile in this study was generated by GPL570 platform containing 54675 probes. The latest GPL570 annotation file has been downloaded and initial processing was done.
 
Results: The results showed that the expression level of candidate genes in metastasis samples had a significant change compared to normal samples. The results of analysing the data related to candidate genes in this study indicated that the drugs Glucosamine, Ad-E2F-1 plus Doxorubicn, GSI, Torcetrapib, Ribavirin and NSC319726 could be effective on the expression of MYH10, SPRR3 and TOP2A genes, respectively. On the other hand, the results from the drug bank database revealed that various drugs such as Amsacrine, Dexrazoxane, Valrubicin, Teniposide can have an inhibitory role on the TOP2A gene.
 
Conclusion: GEO database was used to identify key genes in melanoma metastasis and DRUGBANK was used to identify drugs that affect the expression of these genes.

Repurposing of drug candidates for treatment of skin cancer
Fatemeh Yazdani Hamid,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (8-2022)
Abstract
Skin cancers are highly prevalent malignancies that affect millions of people worldwide. These include melanomas and nonmelanoma skin cancers. Melanomas are among the most dangerous cancers, while nonmelanoma skin cancers generally exhibit a more benign clinical pattern; however, they may sometimes be aggressive and metastatic.
Melanomas typically appear in body regions exposed to the sun, although they may also appear in areas that do not usually get sun exposure. Thus, their development is multifactorial, comprising endogenous and exogenous risk factors. The management of skin cancer depends on the type; it is usually based on surgery, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy. In this respect, oncological treatments have demonstrated some progress in the last years; however, current therapies still present various disadvantages such as little cell specificity, recurrent relapses, high toxicity, and increased costs. Furthermore, the pursuit of novel medications is expensive, and the authorization for their clinical utilization may take 10-15 years. Thus, repositioning of drugs previously approved and utilized for other diseases has emerged as an excellent alternative. In this mini-review, we aimed to provide an updated overview of drugs’ repurposing to treat skin cancer and discuss future perspectives.

The role of incRNAs in pathogenesis, prognosis and treatment of non-melanoma skin cancer
Pegah Tamimi, Parham Tamimi, Aliasghar Ghaderi,
Volume 14, Issue 4 (2-2024)
Abstract
Dysregulation of long non-coding RNA may lead to various diseases including cancer. Recently, many lincRNAs have been discovered for their important roles in melanoma, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and basal cell carcinoma (BCC). These long non-coding RNAs are involved in skin cancer cell proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis.
Some long non-coding RNAs are upregulated in Non-melanoma Skin Cancer (NMSC), including PICSAR, PRECSIT, LINC01048, MALAT1, LINC00319, AK144841 in SCC and H19, CASC15, SPRY4-IT in BCC. In contrast, some long non-coding RNAs are down-regulated in SCC, including TINCR, SMRT-2, and LINC00520.
Many non-coding RNAs are specifically expressed in certain tissues or cells, and others are associated with tumor staging, drug resistance, and prognosis. Hence, non-coding RNAs can be used as diagnostic and prognostic tools in skin cancers.

Epidemiological trends and patterns of skin cancer in Ardabil: a decade-long cross-sectional study (2011-2021)
Alireza Mohebipour, Firouz Amani, Mitra Razmi, Masoud Amanzadeh, Mohammad Bahrami,
Volume 15, Issue 2 (8-2024)
Abstract

Background and Aim: Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world, as well as skin cancer is the most common cancer among human cancers and causes great costs and economic and social harm to society. The increase in skin cancer in our country and also in Ardabil province led us to study the prevalence and epidemiological trend of 10 years of skin cancer in patients referred to the skin clinic in Ardabil 2011-2021.
 

Methods: In this study, 331 patients had been referred to a dermatology clinic with a diagnosis of skin cancer during 2011 to 2021. The checklists were completed based on the information in their files.
 

Results: Of all patients, 208 (62.8%) were male, 60.4% from Ardabil, 14.2% were in year 2016 and 46.2% were in the age group of 50-70 years. The mean age of patients was 62.5±14.7 in range 25-96 years. The most common type of skin cancer in the studied samples during ten years was related to BCC with 184 cases (55.6%) and the most studied patients were in grade 3 with 231 patients (69.8%). The most common site of skin cancer with 93 cases (28.1%) was in the nose.
 

Conclusion: Results showed that the trend of skin cancer in the studied samples similar to the provincial statistics did not have a constant decrease or increase trend and had a fluctuating trend. The incidence of this disease in male clients was about twice that of female clients and most cases were in high grades and BCC type.


Inequality in the use of sunscreen in adult people in Kermanshah
Mehdi Mirzaei Alavijeh, Mahin Amini, Farzad Jalilian,
Volume 15, Issue 2 (8-2024)
Abstract

Background and Aim: Skin cancer is one of the most common cancers. Numerous studies have shown the positive effect of using sunscreen creams in preventing skin cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine the inequality in the use of sunscreen cream.
 

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among adults in Kermanshah city. Data was collected using questionnaire by interview. Concentration index and curve were used to quantify and analyze inequality in sunscreen use. The results of adjusted odds ratio and decomposition analysis for sunscreen use were also estimated.
 

Results: 14.39% used sunscreen. The ratio of use in men was 5.65% and in women was 21.72%. The concentration index for sunscreen use (P<0.001) was 0.344, which indicates the greater concentration of sunscreen use among the rich. The rich groups are 3.72 times more likely to use sunscreen than the poor, and people in the middle class are also 1.48 times more likely to use sunscreen. The highest share of participation in the creation of inequality in sunscreen consumption was achieved by the socio-economic status variable with 61.26%, education level with 13.23% and age with 13.02%.

Conclusion: The focus of health promotion interventions should target groups with low socio-economic status. Men and less educated people should be prioritized in the development and implementation of interventions.


Nanomedicine delivery by microneedle: an emerging technology for disease treatment
Negar Asghari Hosori, Zeinab Bagheri,
Volume 15, Issue 2 (8-2024)
Abstract
The limitations of common needles in drug delivery, such as pain, infection, and side effects, have become a stimulus to search for more efficient alternatives. Meanwhile, microneedles have brought new hope in skin drug delivery. These microstructures are temporarily placed in the upper layers of the skin and provide a painless and non-invasive way for drugs to pass through the skin barrier. Diversity in the design and ingredients of microneedles allows the release of a wide range of drugs with high efficiency and low side effects. On the other hand, nanomedicines are proposed as an ideal alternative due to the limitations of traditional drugs and the need for more targeted and less detrimental options. Nanomedicines are new drug delivery systems that are designed and produced in nanometer dimensions. These small particles can carry and release drugs directly to the target cells with high precision and efficiency. By reducing side effects and increasing the effectiveness of treatment, nanomedicines can play a key role in improving the quality of treatment for various diseases. Considering the unique advantages of the combination of microneedles and nanomedicines, it is an important issue to investigate different strategies for using these new systems in drug release. In this article, this issue has been investigated as well as the applications of nanomedicine transfer by microneedle in the treatment of diseases and the upcoming challenges of this emerging technology.
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