Showing 128 results for Type of Study: Review
Tayebeh Momeni, Alieh Safamanesh, Faezeh Kashanian,
Volume 15, Issue 1 (5-2024)
Abstract
Chitosan biopolymer, due to its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, has become an ideal candidate for use in a wide range of cosmetic products and has opened up new horizons in the design of cosmetic formulations. The ability of this polymer to electrostatically interact with negatively charged surfaces (such as damaged skin) leads to the formation of polymeric films and ultimately imparts smoothness and moisture to cosmetic products. This review article revisits the potential of chitosan and its derivatives as raw materials in cosmetic and skincare products.
Zahrabeigom Moosavi,
Volume 15, Issue 1 (5-2024)
Abstract
Development of janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi), has significantly modified treatment of various dermatological conditions by targeting essential pathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Despite therapeutic potentials of these drugs, concerns about safety appeared soon postmarketing consumption. Therefore implementing strong studies to evaluate their safety and efficacy became mandatory. Many studies have been done up to now focusing on JAKi’s serious or acceptable side effects, however, they are often retrospective or have short follow up. Due to importance of JAKi’s role in the treatment of many skin diseases, we decided to present a review on the main points of recent studies, particularly systematic reviews and clinical trials regarding serious side effects.
Mahdieh Ghiasi, Seyedkhalil Pestehei, Seyedamirhossein Javadi, Seyediman Seyhoun,
Volume 15, Issue 1 (5-2024)
Abstract
The skin, as the outer layer, protects the body against external factors. Wounds can negatively affect its performance. Wound healing includes three stages of inflammation, proliferation, and regeneration, which begin immediately after injury. Also, some factors such as infection, obesity and diabetes can disrupt the natural healing process that leads to chronic wounds. Various surgical and non-surgical treatments have been used to manage chronic wounds, including hyperbaric oxygen therapy, ultrasound therapy, laser therapy, and skin grafting. These treatments have advantages and disadvantages. Recently, stem cells have been used as a surgical treatment for chronic wound healing. Stem cells are highly proliferative cells that can maintain their ability to divide and regenerate for a long time. Among the different types of stem cells, MSCs have many advantages such as ease of harvest, availability, and multilineage differentiation capacity for cell therapy. In addition, they showed some properties that could be useful in the clinical application of ASCs, including angiogenesis, immune system modulation, and improved tissue regeneration. This study was conducted by collecting data from reliable scientific sources from April 1401 to January 1402 at the Research Institute of Neurosciences, Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Several studies have shown that ASCs can be a suitable candidate for wound healing due to their special characteristics. The purpose of this review is to discuss the use of ASCs in wound repair and healing as a new strategy in the treatment of skin problems.
Nahid Hassanzadeh Nemati, Kimia Rezaie Moghadam,
Volume 15, Issue 1 (5-2024)
Abstract
Cosmetic dermatology has seen significant advancements in developing new materials and techniques to enhance skin beauty and combat signs of aging. One notable development is creating and analyzing fillers made by combining hyaluronic acid and polycaprolactone. This innovative filler type has gained popularity due to its unique properties, exceptional skin rejuvenation capabilities, and effectiveness in facial contouring. This study gathered information on dermal fillers and the effects of using hyaluronic acid and polycaprolactone by referencing papers from various databases such as Civilica, PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and SID. The authors conducted a study to explore the benefits and drawbacks of utilizing hyaluronic acid and polycaprolactone and their impact on filler durability and injectability. Research conducted by experts and studies on cosmetic fillers has highlighted the positive effects of hyaluronic acid and polycaprolactone, two powerful substances widely discussed in the beauty industry. Further research could improve the understanding and utilization of hyaluronic acid/polycaprolactone fillers, enhancing skin cosmetic treatments and increasing patient satisfaction.
Bahareh Nowruzi, Mohammad Jabari, Zeynab Yassin,
Volume 15, Issue 1 (5-2024)
Abstract
Worldwide, 16,000 deaths occur daily due to wound injuries, leading to increased concern in low- and middle-income countries. Today, with the increasing demand of consumers to use natural biological compounds instead of using harmful and carcinogenic chemical compounds, algae were introduced to the market as an effective clinical skin alternative. In fact, ease of cultivation and low nutritional requirements make algal polysaccharides an attractive alternative for advanced wound dressings. Micro and macroalgae are a new source of biological saccharide polymers for wound healing. The hydrophilic nature of these polymers due to their capacity to trap water molecules in their structure makes hydrogels that have a high ability to absorb and release liquid. In this review article, by studying the latest articles, some algae polysaccharides that are widely used as wound healing dressings such as alginates, fucoidans, carrageenans, laminarin, agar-agar and olvan are discussed. These compounds are not only used as functional biomaterials for controlled drug delivery, but also for cell stabilization and preparation of scaffolds for tissue engineering.
Negar Asghari Hosori, Zeinab Bagheri,
Volume 15, Issue 2 (8-2024)
Abstract
The limitations of common needles in drug delivery, such as pain, infection, and side effects, have become a stimulus to search for more efficient alternatives. Meanwhile, microneedles have brought new hope in skin drug delivery. These microstructures are temporarily placed in the upper layers of the skin and provide a painless and non-invasive way for drugs to pass through the skin barrier. Diversity in the design and ingredients of microneedles allows the release of a wide range of drugs with high efficiency and low side effects. On the other hand, nanomedicines are proposed as an ideal alternative due to the limitations of traditional drugs and the need for more targeted and less detrimental options. Nanomedicines are new drug delivery systems that are designed and produced in nanometer dimensions. These small particles can carry and release drugs directly to the target cells with high precision and efficiency. By reducing side effects and increasing the effectiveness of treatment, nanomedicines can play a key role in improving the quality of treatment for various diseases. Considering the unique advantages of the combination of microneedles and nanomedicines, it is an important issue to investigate different strategies for using these new systems in drug release. In this article, this issue has been investigated as well as the applications of nanomedicine transfer by microneedle in the treatment of diseases and the upcoming challenges of this emerging technology.
Tayebeh Momeni, Alieh Safamanesh, Faezeh Kashanian,
Volume 15, Issue 2 (8-2024)
Abstract
Curcuma zedoaria, an aromatic plant from the ginger family, has gained attention for its medicinal properties. In traditional medicine, Curcuma zedoaria has been used as an anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, and analgesic. Recent scientific research has revealed significant benefits of Curcuma zedoaria for skin health. Curcuma zedoaria contains curcumin, a powerful anti-inflammatory compound that can help reduce skin inflammation, redness, and swelling. This makes Curcuma zedoaria a suitable option for treating acne, eczema, and psoriasis. Curcumin in Curcuma zedoaria also possesses strong antioxidant properties that can help protect the skin from damage caused by free radicals. Additionally, curcumin can promote collagen and elastin production, which are essential for wound healing. The antimicrobial properties of curcumin can aid in combating bacteria and fungi that cause skin infections. Curcuma zedoaria also exhibits anticancer properties that can help prevent the growth of skin cancer cells. Therefore, Curcuma zedoaria is a natural and safe plant that can help treat a wide range of skin problems. This review article explores the various benefits of Curcuma zedoaria for the skin.
Elham Rezayi Jarihani, Nahid Hassanzadeh Nemati,
Volume 15, Issue 3 (11-2024)
Abstract
Aging and wrinkles on the face and neck are natural processes throughout a person's life. On these days, there are various techniques to treat these facial lines. The non-invasive facelift technique is suggested considering the risks and effects of different cosmetic procedures. This research collected information about using polymer threads for lifting the face and treating ptosis from authentic scientific texts published in databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Web of Science. The investigations showed that when placed correctly, biodegradable polymer threads cause skin irritation and promote collagen formation, so that’s interesting for patients and doctors. Patients undergoing a facelift with polymer threads experience fewer complications than those undergoing traditional methods. Despite the low side effects of this method, some patients have opted to remove the threads after the lift due to dissatisfaction with their appearance. Threads with superficial spines and biodegradability are considered popular and attractive for lifting the soft tissue of the face due to their quick recovery and low cost. Different types of absorbable threads are available in the market, each with different compositions and have different designs depending on the place of use. This review study will discuss biodegradable polydioxanone (PDO), polycaprolactone (PCL), and polylactic acid (PLLA) yarns.
Erfan Zamani, Shayan Zamani, Mansour Nassiri Kashani, Alireza Firooz,
Volume 15, Issue 3 (11-2024)
Abstract
This review study examines the effects of oral collagen supplementation on various biophysical properties of the skin, including hydration, elasticity, and wrinkle reduction. Collagen, as the most abundant structural protein in the skin, plays a vital role in maintaining its firmness, elasticity, and moisture. With aging, collagen production declines, leading to visible signs of aging such as wrinkles, sagging, and dryness of the skin. Additionally, factors like UV radiation and environmental pollutants accelerate collagen degradation, contributing to premature skin aging. In recent years, oral supplements containing hydrolyzed collagen, particularly collagen peptides, have gained significant popularity due to their potential ability to stimulate collagen production and improve skin quality. Various studies indicate that regular consumption of these supplements can significantly increase skin hydration, enhance elasticity, and reduce the depth and number of wrinkles. However, there are notable limitations in the existing studies, including variations in dosage, intervention duration, and collagen sources. Moreover, many of these studies have small sample sizes and short intervention periods, which limit the validity of the results. Additionally, the presence of other ingredients, such as vitamin C and hyaluronic acid in some supplements, makes it challenging to isolate the direct effects of collagen. Despite these challenges, the existing evidence suggests that oral collagen supplementation holds high potential as an effective approach for addressing skin aging. However, further long-term studies with larger sample sizes and more diverse populations are necessary to determine the precise mechanisms and optimal dosage, thereby providing more definitive scientific recommendations.
Bahareh Nowruzi, Zahra Nasiri, Zahra Atar, Fateme Ganbarpour,
Volume 15, Issue 4 (2-2025)
Abstract
Bacteria are natural sources of metabolites that exhibit diverse bioactive properties, including wound healing, antioxidative, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and anticancer activities. Two important groups of bacteria with wound healing potential are polysaccharides and peptides. In addition to cellulose, bacteria produce various polysaccharides (such as exopolysaccharides) with wound healing potential. The most common bacterial peptides used in wound healing studies are bacteriocins and lipopeptides. The aim of this article is to review recent literature on the potential of wound healing in vitro and in vivo by polysaccharides and peptides derived from bacteria (Actinobacteria, Bacteroides, Cyanobacteria, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria). For this reason, a search was conducted in scientific research databases such as Web of Science, Google Scholar, Wiley, Elsevier, Taylor and Francis, BMC Springer and MDPI with the keywords polysaccharide, peptide, bacteriocins, lipopeptides, streptomyces, bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, cyanobacteria and wound healing. The overall results showed that polysaccharides and peptides and peptides derived from bacteria show wound healing power both in vitro and in vivo. In living models, including animals and humans, these metabolites have a positive effect on wound healing by inhibiting pathogens, antioxidant activity, modulating the inflammatory response, moisturizing the wound environment, promoting the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts and keratinocytes, increasing collagen synthesis, remodeling, epithelialization and angiogenesis. Therefore, peptides and polysaccharides derived from bacteria play a significant role in wound healing.
Mahmood Araghi, Zahra Oushyani Roudsari, Malihe Naghavi,
Volume 15, Issue 4 (2-2025)
Abstract
Impaired wound healing following significant tissue damage such as severe burns, trauma, or surgery can result in scarring and skin fibrosis. Pathological scarring leads to changes in the natural shape of the wound and, in addition to cosmetic problems, may be accompanied by pain and even limit the person's normal movement. The immune response plays a very important role in the wound healing process. Activation of immune cells and factors initiates the inflammatory process, facilitates wound cleansing, and tissue repair and regeneration. However, disruption of the immune system during the wound healing process leads to persistent inflammation and delayed healing, ultimately leading to the development of chronic wounds. The microenvironment of a chronic wound contains a large number of immune cells, including proinflammatory macrophages, and high expression of inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α and IL-1β is observed in it. Among them, macrophages, as innate immune cells, play a key role in promoting the immune response and activating adaptive immunity. These cells are also key factors in the transition from the inflammatory phase to the tissue repair phase. As a result, dysregulation of macrophage function will have consequences such as scarring. Therefore, knowledge of the exact mechanism of the inflammatory process during wound healing, the inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators produced, and the effect of macrophages on this process can promise the achievement of new strategies in scarless wound healing. Therefore, this article discusses the mechanism of the immune system during the inflammatory process, and the key role of macrophages in this process, as well as scar formation.
Bahareh Nowruzi, Zahra Nasiri, Zahra Atar, Fateme Ganbarpour,
Volume 15, Issue 4 (2-2025)
Abstract
Bacteria are natural sources of metabolites that exhibit diverse bioactive properties, including wound healing, antioxidative, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and anticancer activities. Two important groups of bacteria with wound healing potential are polysaccharides and peptides. In addition to cellulose, bacteria produce various polysaccharides (such as exopolysaccharides) with wound healing potential. The most common bacterial peptides used in wound healing studies are bacteriocins and lipopeptides. The aim of this article is to review recent literature on the potential of wound healing in vitro and in vivo by polysaccharides and peptides derived from bacteria (Actinobacteria, Bacteroides, Cyanobacteria, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria). For this reason, a search was conducted in scientific research databases such as Web of Science, Google Scholar, Wiley, Elsevier, Taylor and Francis, BMC Springer and MDPI with the keywords polysaccharide, peptide, bacteriocins, lipopeptides, streptomyces, bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, cyanobacteria and wound healing. The overall results showed that polysaccharides and peptides and peptides derived from bacteria show wound healing power both in vitro and in vivo. In living models, including animals and humans, these metabolites have a positive effect on wound healing by inhibiting pathogens, antioxidant activity, modulating the inflammatory response, moisturizing the wound environment, promoting the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts and keratinocytes, increasing collagen synthesis, remodeling, epithelialization and angiogenesis. Therefore, peptides and polysaccharides derived from bacteria play a significant role in wound healing.
Parham Tamimi, Pegah Tamimi,
Volume 16, Issue 1 (5-2025)
Abstract
Kerion Celsi is a severe inflammatory fungal infection of the scalp that affects deeper layers of the skin. While it is uncommon in newborns, its incidence increases in children aged 3 years and older. It typically presents with swelling, spongy or boggy lesions, tenderness, hair loss (alopecia), and purulent discharge. Secondary bacterial infections are frequently seen following skin breakdown or maceration. Systemic symptoms may include enlarged lymph nodes, fever, and in very rare instances, fungal bloodstream infection (fungemia). Hypersensitivity reactions (Id reactions) can also occur. Diagnosis is guided by clinical evaluation, including patient history and physical examination, and must be confirmed using microscopy, fungal culture, and molecular diagnostic techniques. The most commonly isolated pathogens are anthropophilic Trichophyton tonsurans and zoophilic Microsporum canis. In contrast, geophilic fungi and molds are rarely implicated. Treatment is non-surgical, involving a combination of systemic and topical antifungal agents, with systemic antibiotics added when bacterial coinfection is suspected. Surgery should be avoided. Early and adequate therapy is critical to prevent permanent scarring and hair loss. The primary differential diagnosis includes bacterial infections of the skin and soft tissue.
Pegah Tamimi,
Volume 16, Issue 1 (5-2025)
Abstract
Exosome therapy is emerging as a promising treatment in dermatology and aesthetic medicine due to its potential to promote skin regeneration, reduce inflammation, and improve wound healing. Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles secreted by cells, particularly stem cells, containing biological molecules such as proteins, lipids, and RNAs, which can be transferred to other cells to influence various physiological processes. This review explores the molecular mechanisms of exosome function, their clinical applications in skin rejuvenation, inflammatory skin diseases, wound healing, and hair loss treatments, as well as their potential use in cosmetic and clinical medicine. The article also discusses methods for exosome extraction, highlighting both chemical and physical techniques, and evaluates the advantages and limitations of exosome therapy, including the need for further clinical studies. Ultimately, exosome-based therapies hold great promise for non-invasive methods in dermatology and aesthetics, though further research is needed to optimize their use. Despite the exciting expectations surrounding, exosomes cannot yet be widely used as primary or definitive treatment options. Currently, no exosome-based products have received official approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as licensed drugs. Most human studies are still in early phases, such as phase I or II clinical trials, mainly focused on evaluating safety and preliminary efficacy. Therefore, the clinical application of exosomes remains largely limited to research settings or private clinics, and broader medical use awaits more extensive studies and regulatory approvals.
Faezeh Roshanbakht, Nahid Hassanzadeh Nemati, Neda Attaran Kakhki,
Volume 16, Issue 1 (5-2025)
Abstract
Skin infections caused by pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa have become a serious challenge in the field of antibacterial therapies, especially in the context of antibiotic resistance. In this regard, the simultaneous use of classical antibiotic combinations with advanced nanostructures is considered a novel and effective approach. Narasin, an ionophore antibiotic of natural origin, has a high potential in inhibiting bacterial growth due to its ability to disrupt cell membrane function and ion transport. On the other hand, silica nanostructures, especially mesoporous silica nanoparticles, play an important role in enhancing antibacterial activity due to their properties such as biocompatibility, drug loading capability, controlled release, and production of reactive oxygen species.
Recent studies have shown that the combination of narasin with silica nanostructures enhances the synergistic antibacterial effects, increases drug stability, and improves penetration into bacterial biofilms. This combination has also been effective in reducing the dosage and systemic toxicity. Despite promising results in laboratory and animal models, challenges such as the assessment of cytotoxicity, precise release control, and the need for extensive clinical studies remain.
In this article, while comprehensively reviewing the properties and functions of narasin and silica nanostructures, the mechanisms of their combined effects on skin pathogenic bacteria are discussed and future prospects in the development of nanobiotechnological therapies are reviewed.
Azin Ayatollahi, Mahsa Fattahi,
Volume 16, Issue 1 (5-2025)
Abstract
Dermatophytes are keratinophilic fungi responsible for common and benign infections worldwide. However, in immunocompromised patients, they may lead to rare and severe diseases. Severe forms include widespread and/or invasive dermatophytosis, such as deep dermatophytosis and Majocchi’s granuloma. These cases have been reported in individuals with primary immunodeficiencies (such as autosomal recessive CARD9 deficiency) or acquired immunodeficiencies (such as solid organ transplantation, autoimmune diseases treated with immunosuppressive therapies, or HIV infection). The clinical manifestations of these infections are non-specific. Lymph node and organ involvement may also occur. Diagnosis requires mycological and histopathological evidence. There is no consensus on treatment. Systemic antifungal agents, such as terbinafine and azoles (e.g., itraconazole or posaconazole), are effective. However, the long-term outcome and management depend on the site and extent of the infection and the type of underlying immunodeficiency.
Farnaz Valizadeh,
Volume 16, Issue 1 (5-2025)
Abstract
Onychomycosis is one of the most common human fungal infections, affecting both fingernails and toenails and accounting for approximately 50% of all chronic nail disorders. It may be caused by various dermatophytes, yeasts (especially Candida spp.), and non-dermatophyte molds. Risk factors include advanced age, underlying conditions such as diabetes, immunosuppression, chronic moisture, and prolonged use of closed footwear. Accurate diagnosis requires clinical examination along with direct microscopy, culture, and, in advanced cases, molecular techniques. Treatment options include topical, systemic, or combined antifungal therapies, chosen based on the infection’s severity, causative agent, and patient status. Due to high recurrence rates, preventive measures and complete treatment follow-up are essential. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, etiologic agents, diagnostic methods, and therapeutic approaches to onychomycosis, highlighting current challenges in its management.
Azin Ayatollahi, Aliasgahr Ghaderi,
Volume 16, Issue 1 (5-2025)
Abstract
The indications for botulinum toxin have evolved tremendously since its introduction in 1989. This review highlights the potential of the use of BoNT based on the latest studies that indicate botulinum toxin injections may be beneficial as an alternative method of therapy in treating, among others, hyperhidrosis, hidradenitis suppurativa, Raynaud phenomenon, or anal fissure. Currently, there are numerous studies suggesting the effectiveness of botulinum toxin in the discussed diseases; however, it should be emphasized that the majority of evidence is based on low scientific quality publications and more clinical trials need to be conducted. Despite many favorable utilizations, the use of botulinum toxin is not without ramifications. To serve patients with relevant therapy and reduce related complications, dermatologists should be aware of both on- and off-label applications of botulinum toxin. Undoubtedly, a consensus on the treatment protocol for each indicator should be a topic of interest for practitioners to standardize all regimens with specific doses of BoNT.
Forouhe Zahirjouzdani, Farid Mohamadi,
Volume 16, Issue 2 (7-2025)
Abstract
The health of the skin and hair serves not only as an indicator of overall physiological well-being but also plays a significant role in personal appearance and self-confidence. A range of intrinsic and extrinsic factors-including genetics, hormonal balance, environmental exposures, and, most notably, nutrition-affect the maintenance and integrity of skin and hair. Micronutrients, comprising essential vitamins (such as B-complex, C, and E), minerals (including zinc), and bioactive phytochemicals with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties (such as astaxanthin), play a critical role in supporting the structural and functional health of these tissues. These compounds contribute to the regulation of cellular metabolism, mitigation of oxidative and inflammatory damage, and enhancement of immune function, thereby aiding in the prevention of common dermatological and hair-related conditions such as dryness, hair loss, and premature aging, and promoting overall skin and hair health.
Azin Ayatollahi,
Volume 16, Issue 2 (7-2025)
Abstract
Human lip aging is one of the natural signs of the body’s aging process, occurring over time due to factors such as a decrease in collagen and elastin, exposure to sunlight, environmental stress, and genetic changes. As time passes, the lips may lose their appearance, and fine lines or deep wrinkles may form around the lips and the upper lip area. These changes can lead to a reduction in lip volume and the loss of their natural shape. Additionally, dryness and chapping of the lips are other issues commonly observed with lip aging. Skin care, the use of moisturizers, and avoiding prolonged sun exposure can help slow down this process.
