Showing 128 results for Type of Study: Review
Seyede Hamide Razavi, Roholah Ghasemi, Maryam Iman,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (4-2016)
Abstract
Transdermal drug delivery (TDD) is a non-invasive, topical administration method for therapeutic agents. Transdermal delivery also has advantages including providing release for long periods of time, improving patient compliance, and generally being inexpensive. Despite these advantages, the use of TDD has been limited by innate barrier functions of the skin. Only small (<500 Da), lipophilic molecules can passively diffuse through the skin. As a result of the barrier function of the skin, passive transdermal delivery has primarily been limited to small molecules. The skin, which consists of several layers including the stratum corneum, other epidermal layers, and dermis, is the primary defense system of the body. The main barrier to therapeutic delivery is the outermost layer of the skin, the stratum corneum. As a result, various methods of skin permeabilization have been explored for their ability to enhance the transport of drugs across the stratum corneum. Scientists evaluated new drug delivery systems such as nano-carriers and drug delivery systems and enhancer methods such as penetration enhancers. The purpose of drug delivery systems are to deliver sufficient drug molecules into the skin with maximum stability and minimal toxicity. To guarantee successful transdermal drug delivery, a drug delivery system must exhibit several essential properties including drug protection, targeted drug delivery, biocompatibility and biodegradability.
This paper reviews transdermal drug delivery systems, recent enhancement techniques to optimize drug delivery such as microneedles and especially vesicular systems. Herein, we focus on the differences in their composition, physico-chemical properties and applications of those drug delivery systems. We hope recent innovations can work as a foundation for further research and development in transdermal drug delivery system.
Alireza Khatami, Nooshin Rahnama,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (7-2016)
Abstract
About 25 years have been passed since the evidence-based medicine (EBM) group declared it as a new approach to teaching and practicing clinical medicine. EBM was based on the combination of three principles: use of current best evidence from research, clinical expertise, and patients' values and preferences. Practically, EBM substitutes pathophysiological reasoning based on basic science research with use of clinical evidence from high quality randomized controlled clinical trials. Like all other approaches to clinical medicine, EBM has been criticized since it was introduced. Herein, we review common problems of EBM according to its critics, introduce what is known as real EBM, and briefly discuss how we could move towards real EBM.
Mohsen Sheykhhasan, Hossein Bakhtiari Pak, Mahdieh Ghiasi,
Volume 7, Issue 3 (10-2016)
Abstract
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a solution derived from whole blood that is enriched in the platelet fraction. Platelets serve as a reservoir of growth factors and cytokines. When platelets are activated in vivo, signaling molecules are released into the immediate microenvironment and activate receptors for various pathways. PRP has been applied to bedsores to promote healing. Over the last decade, it has been used as a valuable therapeutic method in various specialties such as maxillofacial surgery, plastic surgery, orthopedics and sports medicine. Only recently has PRP been utilized for dermatologic purposes, psrticularly, for the treatment of male and female pattern hair loss.
In this review, we discuss molecular and cellular pathways up-regulated by PRP important in hair folliculogenesis, and examine clinical evidence from all previously published studies involving the use of PRP for pattern hair loss.
Alireza Firooz,
Volume 7, Issue 4 (1-2017)
Abstract
Alireza Khatami,
Volume 7, Issue 4 (1-2017)
Abstract
Alireza Khatami,
Volume 7, Issue 4 (1-2017)
Abstract
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Volume 8, Issue 1 (4-2017)
Abstract
Zahra Moosavi,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (4-2017)
Abstract
The International Association of Cosmetic dermatology has been founded to promote dermatologists and estheticians knowledge. Annual congresses are held by this association. The 12th congress was hold on 4-6 May 2017 in Bangalura. In that event many topics were presented including cosmetic procedures, lasers, PRP, dyspigmented diseases among others. A combination of dermatologic diseases and cosmetic modalities were the interesting point in this event.
Elham Zareie, Roodabeh Bahramsoltani, Parisa Heidari, Leyla Shirbeigi,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (7-2017)
Abstract
Vitiligo is a common disorder in skin pigmentation and has an important role in patient’s quality of life. It may also cause severe emotional stress which makes its treatment necessary. As conventional therapeutic strategies are ineffective, there is an increasing tendency to use complementary medicine in the management of vitiligo. This article has been written with the aim of describing Iranian Traditional Medicine (ITM) approach to vitiligo mechanisms, prognosis and natural therapeutics. It is a product of a library study in the main ITM references and also related articles using mentioned keywords.
According to ITM text books human body consists of four substantial humors, each has a very specific quality and quantity. Any excess or deficit of these humors may result in different disorders. Changing in phlegm humor and also improper function of “expulsive faculty” are the main causes of vitiligo from the viewpoint of ITM.
Alireza Firooz,
Volume 8, Issue 3 (10-2017)
Abstract
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Robabeh Abedini, Vahide Lajevardi, Azadeh Goodarzi,
Volume 8, Issue 3 (10-2017)
Abstract
Nowadays, in modern medicine, there is a great tendency to use non invasive or less invasive diagnostic and therapeutic methods with high precision and effectiveness. This is also true about diagnosis and treatment of non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs), that the prototypes are basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) which also considered as the most common human cancers. Therefore, in this review, we present the value and diagnostic features of the dermoscopy (as an emerging and growing non-invasive dermatological evaluation tool) for approaching to NMSC. It is hoped that this study will be an infrastructure for the ever-increasing use of dermoscopy in evaluation of skin cancers, especially NMSCs.
Salar Hooshyar, Shohreh Nafisi, Khadijeh Ashtari, Bita Mehravi,
Volume 8, Issue 4 (1-2018)
Abstract
Diseases of the skin can cause harm and emotional distress in patients. The desirable drug is one with least complications and most effectiveness. By prolongation of target exposure, drug effectiveness could be improved. There are several suggested solutions, including the use of chemical enhancers, electroporation, iontophoresis, and the use of nanoparticles as carriers of pharmaceutical agents. The use of various nanostructures, including liposomes, dendrimers, autosomes, and many mineral nanoparticles, have been proposed to prevent the limitations with conventional formulations. Topical drug delivery has many benefits, including using high concentrations of the drug and reducing systemic passage of medicament. Many skin products, such as Estrasorb, Diractin and Aczone are available in the market with new and different manufacturing techniques for more skin penetration.
This paper introduces new approaches to drug delivery, types of nanocomposites and methods for increasing the penetration of pharmaceutical agents in the skin. Various factors such as physicochemical properties and the size of nanoparticles, as well as the effects of manipulation on the surface of these particles, have been discussed.
Kamand Hedayat, Saman Ahmad Nasrollahi, Hossein Rastegar, Fatemeh Zolfaghari, Alireza Firooz,
Volume 8, Issue 4 (1-2018)
Abstract
Application of sunscreens is one of the most important ways for skin protection against sunburn, early skin aging and skin cancer.
Due to variety of sunscreen products, it is necessary to assure their protection ability against the sun’s damages. Performance assessment of sunscreens against UVB expressed by sun protection factor. Due to great cost of determination methods of this factor in foreign countries, developing a comprehensive protocol for in vivo SPF determination in Iran would have distinct benefits.
In this study four international standards have been reviewed and compared for Sun Protection Factor (SPF) determination including ISO24444, FDA2011, AS/NZS 2604:2012 and CEN 2006. The general process of in vivo SPF determination is similar in these protocols but there are some obvious differences in details that leading to advantages and disadvantages for each of them.
In this study a complete document were collected, then regarding to available facilities and with cooperation of Iran food and drug organization a comprehensive in vivo SPF determination protocol will be developed.
Fateme Fadaei, Ensieh Arefi, Ebrahim Khadem,
Volume 8, Issue 4 (1-2018)
Abstract
The skin is the largest organ of the human body, the first protective barrier of the body and one of the important excretory organs. In conventional medicine, there is great focus on skin rashes to help to diagnose the internal illnesses. Persian medical scholars have also studied a wide range of internal disorders by examining skin manifestations. The aim of this study is to investigate the etiology and semiology of various skin rashes and manifestations from Persian and conventional medicine viewpoints, and to clarify similarities and differences between them. For this purpose data corresponding with key words was extracted from reference books and then relevant scientific databases including Google scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and reliable sources like Janquira histology, Habif and Savin's dermatology books were examined. An overview of the cutaneous rash and diseases, revealed that in many cases, these two schools of medicine are not comparable. However, in some cases, such as etiology, description, clinical signs, diagnosis, etc., serious similarities in topic of rashes, skin manifestations and chronic diseases are mentioned in the overview of this two medical schools.
Seyed Majid Ghazanfari, Maliheh Motevaselian, Roshanak Salari,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (4-2018)
Abstract
Itching is a mental feeling that elicits desire to scratch and results from stimulation of itch, pain or palpation receptors in the skin. In Iranian medicine, itching is referred as hekka. Several factors can cause this symptom. Various drugs are used to treat itching. They are sometimes costly and not readily available and have side effects. Given the time-consuming and cost-effective processes for the discovery of effective drugs, new strategies are needed to reduce processes time and costs. One of these strategies could be the use of previous experiences on medicinal plants and spices used in traditional medicine schools.
In this review, we searched the keyword "itching, pruritus" in three reference books of pharmacology of Iranian medicine, including The Canon of Medicine (Al-Qanon fi al-Tibb), Tohfe Momenin, and Makhzan- Al' Advieh and ened up with a list of 60 multifaceted plants effective in improvement of pruritus. The efficacy of each of them was categorized based of available evidence. Therefore, it is recommended to use the rich experience of Iranian traditional medicine in the production of new drugs for pruritus.
Ali Sadeghi Urmia, Babak Barati, Javid Taghinejad,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (7-2018)
Abstract
Cancer is a genetic condition. Some cancers are inherited, but most are caused by mutations in somatic cells. The cause of these mutations is inherent error in the transcription of DNA or exposure to carcinogens. Malignant melanoma is the most serious type of skin cancer which develops from pigment-containing cells known as melanocytes. The most potent risk factors for melanoma is the presence of multiple benign moles or abnormal spots, and family history of melanoma. Metastasis is a complex multi-stage process that results in development of secondary malignant growths and the spread of cancer cells to other areas of the body leading to patient’s death. Melanoma metastases are mainly to the lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and central nervous system. The aim of this article is to review the mechanisms of development and metastasis of melanoma by searching database such as SID, Google Scholar, American Electronic Library,Springer and PubMed.
Mehdi Ghoncheh,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (7-2018)
Abstract
Cheek dimple is one feature of attractive and beautiful face. It may be natural or may be created by surgery. In this article, the surgical techniques and complications of cheek dimple creation have been reviewed.
Saman Ahmad Nasrollahi, Behnaz Daneshmand, Najva Kashani,
Volume 9, Issue 3 (10-2018)
Abstract
Pediculosis infection is seen in all age group and different societies and several treatment have been suggested and marketed. In this study, we try to explain the difference of anti-lice products in Iran. Also it is necessary to mention that Anti-lice products are not effective alone, therefore to eliminate head lice infection the use of appropriate anti-lice combs is recommended.
Seyede Zahra Emami Razavi, Maryam Hoseini, Mohaddeseh Azadvari,
Volume 9, Issue 3 (10-2018)
Abstract
Notalgia paresthetica (NP) is a neuropathic complication which occurs within the innervating field of T2-T6 spinal nerves. The patient complains of burning and itching sensation in the lower part of the inner margin of the scapula, and because of frequent itching,signs of skinscratching and hyperpigmentation are observed in the affected area. The definite cause of this pathology is unclear. Available resources have suggested the followings as the possible causes of the disorder: entrapment of the sensory branches within surrounding muscles, postural abnormalities such as scoliosis and kyphosis and degenerative changes of the spine. NP is usually represented as a rare pathology, however, the relatively common clinical incidence suggests a lack of attention to appropriateidentification, diagnosis and treatment ofthe patients. Diagnosis is done through history taking and physical examination, and there is often no need to
additional studiesfor confirmation. A wide spectrum of treatment options have been recommended. Although there is often a tendency to prescribe topical and oral medications for treatment of NP, but application of non-pharmacological therapies such as therapeutic exercises to correct abnormal postures, physical agent modalities such as electrical stimulation and also acupuncture can be effective in accelerating the treatment process and increasing the duration of recovery. Given the undeniable importance of the disorder and its impact on patient's quality of life, a comprehensive approach to existing treatment options with an emphasis on the role of physical medicine and rehabilitation specialists will be discussed in this paper.
Behnaz Daneshmand, Saman Ahmad Nasrollahi,
Volume 9, Issue 4 (1-2019)
Abstract
Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory disease which presents with condition with a prevalence erythema and inflammatory lesions on central face.
Rosacea has significant impact on quality of life of patients hence lowering confidence and harmful for social positions Study of effective medications improves quality of life of patients. In this study we tried to review effective medical treatments for this disease.
