Showing 128 results for Type of Study: Review
Ensieh Lotfali, Adel Shirani, Sina Molavizade, Sa’adat Shojaei,
Volume 13, Issue 1 (5-2022)
Abstract
Onychomycosis is a nail infection caused by dermatophyte and non-dermatophyte molds and yeasts. The nail involvement is a feature of psoriasis, although skin manifestations are the most principal findings in psoriasis. Onychomycosis and psoriasis are both common disorders in communities. It is possible that in some patients these two diseases are present at the same time. A review was performed using the keywords including nail psoriasis, onychomycoses, dermatophytes, non-dermatophyte molds and yeasts in valid medical databases, such as PubMed, Google scholar, Scopus and Science direct. Articles that were most relevant to the purpose of the study were selected and studied. We investigated the incidence and pathogenic function of fungal agents in causing fungal infections in psoriasis nails.
Fatemeh Yazdani Hamid,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (8-2022)
Abstract
Skin cancers are highly prevalent malignancies that affect millions of people worldwide. These include melanomas and nonmelanoma skin cancers. Melanomas are among the most dangerous cancers, while nonmelanoma skin cancers generally exhibit a more benign clinical pattern; however, they may sometimes be aggressive and metastatic.
Melanomas typically appear in body regions exposed to the sun, although they may also appear in areas that do not usually get sun exposure. Thus, their development is multifactorial, comprising endogenous and exogenous risk factors. The management of skin cancer depends on the type; it is usually based on surgery, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy. In this respect, oncological treatments have demonstrated some progress in the last years; however, current therapies still present various disadvantages such as little cell specificity, recurrent relapses, high toxicity, and increased costs. Furthermore, the pursuit of novel medications is expensive, and the authorization for their clinical utilization may take 10-15 years. Thus, repositioning of drugs previously approved and utilized for other diseases has emerged as an excellent alternative. In this mini-review, we aimed to provide an updated overview of drugs’ repurposing to treat skin cancer and discuss future perspectives.
Bahareh Nowruzi,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (8-2022)
Abstract
One of the most important functions of the skin is to protect against various stressors. Environmental stimuli such as UV and environmental pollution increase reactive oxygen species and cause wrinkles and skin aging. Skin aging is associated with decreased collagen production and decreased activity of enzymes involved in collagen structure. Moisturizing chemicals increase the skin's ability to retain water, but long-term use can have adverse effects on human skin, such as allergies and even tumorigenic effects. As a result, the use of biological resources, especially photosynthetic organisms such as cyanobacteria, as safe alternatives is increasing. The mechanism by which cyanobacteria respond to ultraviolet radiation is the synthesis of ultraviolet compounds such as mycosporin-like amino acids and scytonemin. In addition, the exopolysaccharides produced by some species that live in extremely dry habitats can be used as moisturizers in cosmetics. In this study, we introduce the potential of cyanobacterial metabolites as alternative sources for sunscreens and moisturizers.
Araz Bazzaz Dilmaghani, Mohammadreza Afsharmoghadam, Farnaz Monajjemzade,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (8-2022)
Abstract
Cosmetics used in the eyes are of special importance due to the sensitivity of this area and the high probability of transmission of different contaminations and its dangers. Thus safety issues should be considered more tightly. Accordingly, this study qualitatively, examines the label claim regarding the contents of several domestic and foreign products available in the Iran`s market. Legal aspects were carried out in accordance with European standards. In this study, 14 samples of eye cosmetic products, including mascara sample, eyeliner sample and pencil sample were examined. After preparing a list of all the components of each sample and presenting them in the tables, each component was evaluate individually according to CosIng site.
Finally the role of components and limitations if any and the range of permissible or unauthorized concentration of each were recorded and discussed. In the studied products, the role of components and their performance in the product were consistent and no prohibited item was identified.
Seyedsajad Alenabi, Atefeh Naeimifar, Sara Bahrainian, Saman Ahmadnasrollahi,
Volume 13, Issue 3 (11-2022)
Abstract
Cosmeceuticals are the fastest growing segment of the personal care industry, and a number of topical cosmeceutical treatments for conditions such as photoaging, hyperpigmentation, wrinkles, and hair damage have come into widespread use. In the cosmeceutical arena nanotechnology has played an important role. Using new techniques to manipulate matter at an atomic or molecular level, opening up new perspectives for the future of cosmeceutical industry. Nanotechnology-based cosmeceuticals offer the advantage of diversity in products, and increased bioavailability of active ingredients and increase the aesthetic appeal of cosmeceutical products with prolonged effects. However increased use of nanotechnology in cosmeceuticals has raised concern about the possible penetration of nanoparticles through the skin and potential hazards to the human health. This review outlines the different nanoparticles used in various classes of cosmeceuticals, and the potential risk caused by nanoparticles on exposure.
Shirin Sayyahfar, Fatemeh Yazdani Hamid,
Volume 13, Issue 3 (11-2022)
Abstract
The current monkeypox outbreak reawakens the concern that poxviridae have a high potential for zoonotic spillover and causing a pandemic. Much fieldwork and research have been done by health care and public health workers in Africa during previous human outbreaks, and their knowledge should inform our global response to the current outbreak. However, unusual clinical presentations now have potential implications for recognizing the disease. In addition, infections from poxviridae, such as monkeypox, have common cutaneous signs that occur early, may be related to periods of transmissibility, and can leave scarring. Therefore, dermatologists will play a key role in recognizing and diagnosing infections and educating and preparing frontline health care workers for the early detection of new cases and clusters of monkeypox.
Sharareh Rezaeian, Hamidreza Pourianfar,
Volume 13, Issue 4 (2-2023)
Abstract
Reishi mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum) is a unique medicinal mushroom that has been used for the treatment of various diseases in Asian countries for more than 4 thousand years. Today, this mushroom is also used in treatments related to traditional medicine. In addition to its diverse biological properties, its positive effects in improving the quality of the skin and treating skin diseases have attracted the attention of researchers. Polysaccharides and triterpenes are among the most important and effective metabolites of this mushroom, which are important in skin treatment and health due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions. This review summarizes the latest research achievements on the role of this mushroom in skin health and treatment. A number of studies have shown that the extracts of Reishi mushroom can accelerate wound healing, relieve post-burn infections, and prevent skin flaps due to ischemia (re-perfusion) damage. The effect of Reishi mushroom extracts on the prevention and treatment of wrinkles and the effect on skin whitening has made them a natural ingredient for skin care. Also, studies conducted on the effects of Reishi mushroom in the treatment of some skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis (eczema), cutaneous sarcoidosis, and the potential use of this mushroom in the treatment of skin cancer have been discussed.
Atoosa Asadollahi, Bahareh Nowruzi, Mahsa Fattahi,
Volume 13, Issue 4 (2-2023)
Abstract
Microalgae are photosynthetic microorganisms which are the result of permanent exposure to stressful conditions such as high or low temperature, high salinity, osmotic pressure, ultraviolet radiation (uv), contain valuable bioactive compounds in cosmetic products .the existing cosmetic products can be replaced with the cosmetic products that are compatible with the environment and can be included in the topical formulations of skin care such as moisturizers, Anti-wrinkles, anti - aging and anti - acne. In addition, the extracts from these microalgae are used to make sunscreen to treat skin pigmentation and improve wounds; therefore most commercial cosmetics have a wide range of natural compounds extracted from cyanobacteria and this leads to increasing antioxidant, regenerative, moisturizer, shielding and brighteners for both hair and skin. In this article the cosmetic use of cyanobacteria extract and dried powder in improving the appearance and health skin have been investigated. Furthermore, analyzing the brand of Spirulina has been discussed.
Volume 14, Issue 1 (5-2023)
Abstract
Hatam Ahmadi, Arina Nikkhah,
Volume 14, Issue 1 (5-2023)
Abstract
The human face is the main source of information transmission for many non-verbal messages, including the emotional state of a person. Botox or botulinum toxin is a neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum that grows and reproduces in canned foods. There are 8 serotypes of this toxin, the B type is mainly used clinically to treat a wide range of disorders and diseases, and the A type is used for cosmetic purposes. Repeated injections of Botox are necessary to maintain its therapeutic effects. Botox injection in the muscles located under the wrinkles of the face causes them to relax and as a result the skin of that part becomes smooth. Botox injection in therapeutic or cosmetic cases is relatively safe and can be an alternative method to the use of drugs or surgery. Although the frequency of serious side effects for the use of Botox in medical cases is much higher than in cases of cosmetic use. However, the use of Botox in beauty may also have side effects that can be avoided by following different techniques.
Fatemeh Yazdani Hamid,
Volume 14, Issue 1 (5-2023)
Abstract
Treatment of chronic conditions like diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is challenging due to increased susceptibility for infection and delayed wound healing. Complexity of existing therapy, adverse effects and microbial resistance emphasizes the need of an alternative approach for the management of DFU. The increasing body of evidence associated with probiotic application in diverse disease states merits its use in wound healing and infection too. Different probiotic strains have shown their efficacy in various infections like gut infections, oral infections and urogenital infections. Experimental studies have demonstrated probiotics’ ability for gastric ulcer healing. Underlying mechanism of the above therapeutic effects of probiotics involves modulation of local and systemic immunity. The hypothesis is based on the concept that mechanism of anti-infective and ulcer healing action of probiotics will be similar in peripheral wounds and ulcers as on any other part of the body. This paper focuses on the hypothesis that topical formulation of probiotics may be effective for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers.
Hajar Moghadas,
Volume 14, Issue 2 (8-2023)
Abstract
Microneedles are micron structures that provide the possibility of drug delivery, vaccination and sampling of different organs. The use of microneedles does not require special skills and training, it significantly reduces the dosage and allows the timely release of the drug. The numerous advantages of microneedles compared to other methods of drug delivery have attracted the attention of many researchers. Microneedles are made from the order of microns to millimeters using microfabrication technology using various metals, silicon and polymers. So far, various methods have been proposed for making microneedles. In this article, the conventional and widely used methods of microneedle manufacturing are presented along with their advantages and limitations in terms of the effective parameters in the selection of microneedle. Effective factors such as the type of drug, the desired mechanism for drug delivery, the dimensions and material type lead to the selection of different methods for making microneedles. Among the existing micro fabrication methods, the casting method has the ability to produce different types of microneedles, and thus has been the most popular. The casting method is simple and cheap and can be produced in high volume. Deep reactive ion etching methods make high-precision microneedles, but due to the need for advanced and expensive equipment, a skilled person, and a complex and time-consuming process, they are not capable of mass production. Meanwhile, 3D printing with fully automatic processes is a good option to choose.
Bahareh Nowruzi, Mahsa Fattahi, Mohammadamin Jahangirzadeh,
Volume 14, Issue 2 (8-2023)
Abstract
Microalgae are a diverse group of photosynthetic eukaryotic and prokaryotic microorganisms in different shapes and sizes that have evolved by being in stressful conditions and have devised mechanisms to maintain their survival. The production of unique biochemical compounds called bioactive compounds is one of these mechanisms. These compounds restore and heal the skin and protect the skin from damage caused by various factors, and in many cases these products are used in the treatment of diseases and cosmetic formulations. Today, cosmetic products derived from microalgae, which are environmentally friendly and safe, replaced the products in the market. In this review article, the potential of many species of microalgae and their derived bioactive molecules in the production of cosmetics is discussed. In addition to that, by presenting the current microalgae products in the global cosmetics market, it highlights the importance of these organisms in the use of microalgae in the production of quality cosmetics, and finally by providing suggestions such as encapsulating pigments to increase resistance and the stability of pigments envisages their greater use in the cosmetic industry in the future.
Farnaz Valizadeh,
Volume 14, Issue 3 (11-2023)
Abstract
Virtually all deaths in young patients with advanced skin tumors are caused by melanoma. Today, thanks to modern treatments, these patients survive longer or can even be cured. Advanced melanoma is often associated with a poor prognosis, and physicians continue to believe that the disease is difficult to treat due to the lack of durable response to initial treatment regimens and the lack of randomized clinical trials in the post-immunotherapy/targeted molecular therapy setting. New therapeutic targets are emerging based on preclinical data on the genetic profile of melanocytes and the identification of molecular factors involved in the pathogenesis of malignant transformations. In this article, we present the challenges of diagnosis, molecular biology and genetics of malignant melanoma, as well as current treatment options for patients with this diagnosis.
Azin Ayatollahi,
Volume 14, Issue 3 (11-2023)
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory skin disorder characterized by intensely itchy eczema. Sensitivity to Malassezia species may be associated with the severity of AD symptoms. The growth conditions for Malassezia spp. on children's skin are lower than on adult skin, making adults more susceptible to Malassezia. There is a minor suspicion that Malassezia spp. plays a role in AD as it may interact with skin immune reactions and barrier function, and sensitization against this skin-colonizing yeast can be correlated with illness activity. Additionally, antifungal treatment shows beneficial effects in some patients. However, the pathogenetic process and mutual interaction between Malassezia spp. and AD remain relatively unclear, necessitating further research.
Parham Tamimi,
Volume 14, Issue 3 (11-2023)
Abstract
Parkinson Disease (PD) is a neurological disorder, which have comorbidity with some skin disorders. Skin disorders in Parkinson can be divided into two main groups including 1) non-iatrogenic disorders: melanoma, seborrheic dermatitis, sweating disorders, pemphigoid, rosacea, and 2) Iatrogenic disorders due to anti-Parkinson drugs side effects (like: carbidopa/levodopa, rotigotine, other dopamine agonists, COMT inhibitors and SC Apo morphine).
While seborrheic dermatitis is considered as a pre diagnostic sign, rosacea can be assumed as a warning sign of disease development. In addition, a strong correlation between PD and further bolus pemphigoid has been discovered. There might be a relation between melanoma and PD. It is important especially in patients with lighter skin with red and blond hair color. Hence, physicians should pay special attention in these patients and try to increase awareness in this population like reminding the importance of sun protection.
Zahrabeigom Moosavi, Shayan Zamani,
Volume 14, Issue 4 (2-2024)
Abstract
Itch is one of the commonest complaints of patients of patients in skin clinics. Chronic itch is defined itch lasting more than 6 weeks, which suffers the patients and significantly reduces their quality of life. In this review, we explain pathogenesis and available treatments as a whole. In addition, we summarize pathogenesis and therapeutic options of some common conditions with chronic pruritus, except eczema, such as chronic kidney disease, cholestasis.
Maryam Nourizadeh, Mahsa Fattahi,
Volume 14, Issue 4 (2-2024)
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is a freely available medication. However, regardless of extensive off-label consumption, FDA labeling does not include accepted for the consumption of MTX for many inflammatory skin diseases in pediatrics, containing morphea, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and alopecia areata. Lacking published healing recommendations makes the clinicians unsure about prescribing MTX in an off-label manner especially in children. Present study, was conducted to review the use of MTX to heal pediatric inflammatory skin disorders.
The evidence and consent based advices will assistance safe and successful use of MTX for the underserved population of pediatrics who may benefit from this valuable, time-honored medication.
Azin Ayatollahi, Pegah Tamimi, Aliasghar Ghaderi, Mahsa Fattahi,
Volume 14, Issue 4 (2-2024)
Abstract
Recently, the cases of dermatophytosis have increased sharply, which is associated with frequent reports of chronic cases of the disease, uncommon skin manifestations, and treatment failure. Cases of emergence of resistant species in other geographical areas such as Denmark, Switzerland, and China, Belgium, Germany, Japan, Iran, Finland, Switzerland, France, Iraq and Bahrain are also known. Antifungal drug susceptibility testing for dermatophyte species has not yet been standardized. Antifungal Susceptibility Tests (AFST) are used to determine the minimum growth inhibitory concentration (MIC) of a specific drug in laboratory conditions with the aim of predicting whether a patient will respond to standard antifungal treatment or not. In the continuation of this article, we gave an overview of the antifungal sensitivity test, including its strengths and weaknesses and its role in helping to make therapeutic decisions.
Pegah Tamimi, Parham Tamimi, Aliasghar Ghaderi,
Volume 14, Issue 4 (2-2024)
Abstract
Dysregulation of long non-coding RNA may lead to various diseases including cancer. Recently, many lincRNAs have been discovered for their important roles in melanoma, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and basal cell carcinoma (BCC). These long non-coding RNAs are involved in skin cancer cell proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis.
Some long non-coding RNAs are upregulated in Non-melanoma Skin Cancer (NMSC), including PICSAR, PRECSIT, LINC01048, MALAT1, LINC00319, AK144841 in SCC and H19, CASC15, SPRY4-IT in BCC. In contrast, some long non-coding RNAs are down-regulated in SCC, including TINCR, SMRT-2, and LINC00520.
Many non-coding RNAs are specifically expressed in certain tissues or cells, and others are associated with tumor staging, drug resistance, and prognosis. Hence, non-coding RNAs can be used as diagnostic and prognostic tools in skin cancers.
