Zeinab Vafaeipour, Behrouz Akbari Adergani,
Volume 16, Issue 3 (11-2025)
Abstract
Cosmetic products used around the eyes, such as kohl, eyeliner, eye pencil, mascara, and eyeshadow are of particular importance due to the sensitivity of the eyes and the potential for contamination. Among these, kohl is a traditional product widely used in Middle Eastern countries, especially among infants, based on the belief in its therapeutic and protective properties. However, kohl has been reported to contain the highest concentration of lead among these products. This study aimed to assess the lead content in different types of kohl, which is an important step toward raising awareness among consumers of this cosmetic-hygienic product. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate studies published in recent years that investigated the lead content of kohls available on the Iranian market. To achieve this, a comprehensive search was conducted in national and international databases including Pubmed, Scopus, Science Direct, Google Scholar using relevant keywords. Findings indicate that in some cases, the concentration of lead in tradithinal or handmade kohls greatly exceeded the permissible limits. Repeated or prolonged use particularly in children can lead to elevated blood lead levels and symptoms of lead poisoning. Considering the health risks associated with this product, stricter monitoring of its production and distribution, as well as public education regarding the safe use of kohl, appears to be essential.
Alireza Sadeghi Moghaddam Bijari, Hoda Keshmiri Neghab, Mohammadhasan Soheilifar,
Volume 16, Issue 3 (11-2025)
Abstract
The treatment of wounds has historically been a significant challenge in medicine, incurring substantial financial and emotional costs for both governments and patients. Consequently, researchers have continuously sought novel methods to enhance the wound healing process. In recent years, with the advancements in computer science and the emergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI), many professional fields, including medical sciences, have undergone transformations. There has been a general effort to utilize AI as an assistant or even a human replacement in certain processes. In the field of wound care, the application of AI-based tools is expected to improve the speed and accuracy of the treatment system, leading to faster wound healing and better outcomes for patients.
AI has been presented in various models, each operating on different datasets and employed in diverse research studies. Both software and hardware tools based on AI have been designed and introduced in several investigations. Their performance has been evaluated at various levels, from laboratory to clinical settings, and their efficacy has been demonstrated.
Based on the findings, it can be stated that AI can provide effective assistance to clinical and research staff in the diagnostic, therapeutic, and educational processes of wound treatment. In some cases, it may even reduce the need for direct clinical staff involvement for patients.
