Showing 61 results for Ph
Mohammad Ali Nilforoushzadeh, Elaheh Haftbaradaran, Katayoon Tayeri,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (3-2010)
Abstract
Background and aim: it has been estimated that 70000-100000 cases of HIV infection exist in Iran. The main route of transmission is intravenous drug (IV) injection. Rapid spread of this disease necessitates its prompt diagnosis. About 90% of HIV infected patients express cutaneous manifestations therefore, recognition of these symptoms may be of help in early diagnosis.
Methods: HIV infected patients with suspected skin lesion were referred to Skin Disease and Leishmaniasis Research Center and were examined by an intern contributed in the study. All the information were gathered in data code sheets. Then, all of the patients were visited by the dermatologist for complementary examinations and the results including lesion type, location and duration were recorded in the check list.
Results: fifty persons were examined and 42 patients were selected. Prevalence of dermatologic manifestations was as follows: herpes zoster in 23.8%, seborrheic dermatitis in 14.3%, hyperpigmentation in 19%, oropharyngeal candidiasis in 14.3%, folliculitis in 14.3% dermatophytosis in 4.7%, wart in 4.7%, Kaposi’s sarcoma in 2.3%, and drug eruption in 2.3% , 75% of patient who had hyperpigmentation were infected by their sexual partner and 25% via IV injection. 33% of patient who had folliculitis were infected via IV injection, 33% through blood transfusion and 33% by sexual relationship.
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, paying attention to cutaneous signs HIV/AIDS patients, their early detection and diagnostic and therapeutic measures for them are advocated.
Bardia Sadr, Shahab Babakoohi, Ferial Fanian, Maryam Sarraf-Yazdy, Ali Kazerouni-Timsar, Mansour Nassiri-Kashani, Yahya Dowlati, Alireza Firooz,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (6-2010)
Abstract
Background and Aim: several studies have been conducted to evaluate skin pH in various diseases, but there are few reports in normal population. The aim of this study was to evaluate skin pH in healthy individuals.
Methods: Fifty healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. The subjects were divided by age into 5 groups, i.e., 10-20, 21-30, 31-40, 41-50 and 51-60 years old. In each group, 5 females and 5 males were examined. A pH meter (Courage & Khazaka electronic GmbH, Germany) was used to measure pH in 8 different locations of the body (forehead, cheek, nasolabial fold, neck, forearm, dorsal side of hand, palm and leg).
Results: The mean values for pH in these locations were 5.25, 5.15, 5.06, 4.90, 4.75, 4.80, 4.69, and 4.83 respectively. pH was significantly higher in women (P<0.001). There was a significant difference between skin pH in different age groups (P=0.002). The highest and lowest amounts of pH belonged to the forehead (5.26 ± 0.68) and leg (4.69 ± 0.40), respectively.
Conclusion: Age and sex and location have remarkable effects on skin pH.
Mansour Nassiri-Kashani, Shahab Babakoohi, Ali Kazerouni-Timsar,
Volume 1, Issue 3 (9-2010)
Abstract
This case report introduces a 28-year-old male patient with morphea profunda, peripheral sensory motor nerve involvement, insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and hypothyroidism as an unusual presentation of deep morphea who dramatically responded to prednisolone and metothrexate after 4 months of treatment.
Mahboobe Kafaei Atrian, Nahid Sarafraz, Asam Baghery, Fateme Abaszade,
Volume 1, Issue 3 (9-2010)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Pregnancy affects all organs and systems in the body including skin. Some skin changes are physiologic, whereas others are pathologic such as the dermatoses of pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of physiological skin changes during pregnancy in hospitalized women at postpartum unit at Shabih Khani Hospital in Kashan/Iran in 2009.
Methods: One-hundred and eighty women were evaluated during their post partum periods for evidence of skin changes. Excluding factors were foreign citrizens, multiple pregnancies and gestational age under 20 weeks. Data were collected by using questionnaires before discharge from hospital.
Results: The frequencies of various observed changes included: melasma (33.9%), striae (82.3%), edema of eyelid (30%), increased acne severity (26.7%), hirsutism (17.2%) and decreased acne severity (1.7%).
Conclusion: Considering the high incidence of skin changes during pregnancy, it is recommended to instruct the mothers on skin care.
Afshar Ramezanpour, Abdolamir Feizi, Ramin Mohammadi,
Volume 2, Issue 1 (3-2011)
Abstract
Fabry disease is a X-linked lysosomal storage disorder due to alpha galactosidase A deficiency leading to abnormal accumulation of glycosphingolipids in different parts of body. This case report introduces a 35-year-old man with diffuse keratotic erythematous papules. Histopathological evaluation of the skin biopsy suggested the diagnosis of angiokeratoma. With attention to his nephropathy and the same skin lesions and renal involvement in his brother, which led him to receive renal transplantation, the diagnosis of Fabry disease was suggested.
Seyedeh Noushin Ghalandarpour Attar, Narges Ghandi, Kambiz Kamyab Hesari, Maryam Ghiasi, Maryam Daneshpazhooh, Mojgan Karbakhsh, Cheyda Chams-Davatchi,
Volume 2, Issue 2 (6-2011)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an autoimmune blistering disease which is specific for skin and mucosal membranes. Its association with connective tissue diseases has already been reported. Considering this association, presence of Anti Nuclear Antibodies (ANAs) in PV patients will not be surprising. The aim of this study was to compare the frequency of ANA positive cases in patients suffering PV with a control group.
Methods: In this case-control study, the cases were selected from the patients with PV whom were hospitalized at Razi Hospital, Tehran. The controls were chosen from patients who did not have PV. The data were collected using a questionnaire, which was designed for gathering information on participants' age, sex, PV phenotypes, and the result of ANA test. ANA positivity was assessed using indirect immunofluorescence, HEP2.
Results: In 8 (26.7%) of 30 PV patients and 3 (10.0%) of 30 controls ANA was positive (P=0.095). The most common ANA positive patterns among cases and controls were homogeneous and speckled patterns, respectively (P=0.26).
Conclusion: Although in this study the frequency of positive ANA result among controls was similar to what were reported in previous studies, the frequency of this finding among PV patients was different from the previous reports. Differences in the sensitivity of the laboratory kits used in different studies as well as in the threshold for ANA positivity, and differences in the patients' eligibility criteria in different studies may explain the observed discrepancies. Clinical follow up of the PV and requesting an ANA test in the case of appearance of the signs of connective tissue diseases is recommended.
Hamideh Herizchi Qadim, Shahla Babaei Nejad, Farideh Golfroushan, Hamideh Azimi, Azadeh Azadi,
Volume 2, Issue 3 (9-2011)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Anti-inflammatory and hypo- pigmenting effects of topical tretinoin and alpha-hydroxy acids have been documented. This study was designed to compare the efficacy of 0.05% tretinion cream with 7% alpha-hydroxy acid in the treatment of ephelides.
Methods: In this clinical trial 80 patients with ephelides were selected and allocated into two groups. One group was treated with 0.05% tretinoin cream every other night. The other group was treated with 7% alpha-hydroxy acid cream in the same manner. Both groups were treated with antisolar creams and followed every month for 5 months.
Results: After 5 months excellent therapeutic response was achieved in 3 (7.5%) of patients who were treated with 0.05% tretinoin cream compared to 8 (20%) in alpha-hydroxy acid cream. Good therapeutic response was observed in 20 (50%) of tretinoin group versus 16 (40%) in alpha-hydroxy acid group. Patient's satisfaction from treatment was consistent with evaluation by dermatologists (P=0.384 and P=0.132).
Conclusion: Both 0.05% tretinoin cream and 7% alpha-hydroxy acid cream are equally efficient in the treatment of ephelides.
Akram Ansar, Vali-O-Allah Hosseinpoor, Abbas Zamanian, Mahmood Farshchian,
Volume 3, Issue 1 (3-2012)
Abstract
Background and Aim: C-reactive protein (CRP) is an inflammatory biomarker and its level increases in serum of psoriatic patients. Its level is also associated with Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score.Methods: CRP serum levels in patients with psoriasis were measured before and after treatment with narrow-band ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) and the data were analyzed in relation the PASI score improvement.
Results: Baseline CRP levels among psoriatic patients were higher than normal. These levels decreased significantly after treatment. At the beginning of the study, patients with higher levels of CRP also had more extensive and severe skin involvement. Highest decrease in CRP was observed in patients who responded better to the treatment and acheived higher PASI 75%. There was an association between baseline PASI scores and CRP levels.
Conclusion: Patients with moderate to severe plaque-type psoriasis had systemic inflammation too, which was demonstrated by having higher levels of CRP. Skin disease activity also was associated with higher levels of CRP. Phototherapy healed the psoriatic skin lesions and also reduced inflammation and decreased CRP levels.
Seyed Amin Ayetollahi Mosavi, Hossein Safizadeh, Sanaz Hadizadeh,
Volume 3, Issue 2 (6-2012)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Dermatophytes are keratinophilic fungi that cause infection in the skin, hair and nails. Dermatophytic infections are one of the important health problems in the world that related to social and economic life of communities.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on all suspected patients in the medical mycology laboratory of Afzalipoor Faculty in Kerman from March 2007 to March 2011. For each patient after obtaining the detailed history, direct smear, staining and culture on specific media were performed.
Results: Out of 1800 referred cases, 166 patients were positive for dermatophytosis. The highest prevalence of infection was in the under 10 years old (28.31%), men and women were also involved equally. The most common agents of the cutaneous infection were Trichophyton mentagrophytes (45.78%) and T. verrucosum (18.1%). The most common infections were tinea manuum (35.54%), tinea capitis (16.87), and the least common one was tinea faciei (4.82%).
Conclusion: It is necessary to increase the level of community health in order to prevent this dermatophytosis.
Mehraban Falahati, Zeinab Ghasemi, Shirin Farehyar, Ebrahim Eskandari, Mahtab Ashrafi, Farzaneh Ahmadi, Gholamhossein Ghaffarpour,
Volume 3, Issue 2 (6-2012)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Onychomycosis is the fungal infection of nails. Patient’s immune system has an important role in initiation of onychomycosis. One of the causes of the increased prevalence of onychomycosis is the increasing number of patients with local or general immune system disorders. In hormonal disorders such as diabetes mellitus, Cushing's syndrome and hypothyroidism superficial vascular disorders and individuals with immune deficiency, onychomycosis prevalent. The aim of this study was to investigate onychomycosis in individuals with underlying diseases who referred to Razi hospital in Tehran.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, nail specimens of 250 patients who have nail dystrophy with an underlying disease whom were referred to mycological laboratory of Razi hospital in 2010-11 were evaluated with direct microscopy and culture on Sabouraud dextrose agar and Sabouraud dextrose agar containing chloramphenicol and cyclohexamide. For differential diagnosis of fungi, complementary tests were used.
Results: Eighty-nine (35.6%) of 250 individuals with underlying diseases and nail dystrophy, were affected with onychomycosis. Among these pateints, 52 (58.4%) cases had yeast infection, 19 (21.3%) had dermatophyte infection, and 18 (20.2%) had saprophyte infection. Diabetes mellitus (37.1%), cardiovascular diseases (14.7%), pemphigus (9%), psoriasis (7.9%), hypothyroidism (6.7%) and chronic eczema (5.6%) were the most common underlying diseases observed in patients with onychomycosis.
Conclusion: Onychomycosis is common in hormonal disorders like diabetes mellitus and hypo-thyroidism superficial vascular disorders and individual who suffer immunodeficiency.
Mahmood Farshchian, Elaheh Soltanie, Leila Moosavee, Hossein Mahjoob, Abbas Zamanian, Haleh Nazerian, ,
Volume 3, Issue 2 (6-2012)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory
dermatosis that affects 0.6% to 4.8% of the general population. Our aim was to compare the effect of narrow band UVB
(NB-UVB) on normal flora of cutaneous plaques and normal skin in psoriatic
patients.
Methods: Twenty
psoriatic patients without any contraindication of phototherapy were enrolled
in this study. Samples from psoriatic lesions and adjacent normal skin, before
and after phototherapy with NB-UVB were taken. Patients were treated with
NB-UVB three times weekly until complete remission. Finally, quantity of normal
cutaneous flora on normal and involved skin, before and after treatment was compared.
Results: The mean±SD of
the NB-UVB sessions and the mean cumulative dose were 26.35±4.95 and 2.05±0.57 J/cm2, respectively. The number of Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. aureus and diphtheroids on psoriatic plaques reduced after phototherapy.
Conclusuion:
The quantity of normal cutaneous flora on normal skin is less than psoriatic plaques,
and it reduced on normal and involved skin after phototherapy.
Nafiseh Esmaeili, Amirhooshang Ehsani, Mehdi Mohseni-Badalabadi, Kambiz Kamyab, Abbas Karimi,
Volume 3, Issue 4 (12-2012)
Abstract
Background an Aim: parapsoriasis is a rare chronic
idiopathic dermatosis which commonly manifests with round or oval scaling and
itching erythematosus plaques on trunk and extremities. Considering the size of
the lesions, parapsoriasis is divided into two groups: small plaque and large
plaque. Study of demographic characteristics of this disease may help to
identify the high risk groups who are more susceptible to cutaneous lymphoma
with high mortality as well as proper allocation of health service resources.
Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study,
affected parapsoriasis patients whom were referred to Razi Hospital in Tehran between
April 2003 to March 2009 were studied. Three hundred and twenty patients were
investigated for variables: age, sex, place of residence, location of the lesions
and clinical subgroups according to the histopathology reports.
Results: 53.4% of patients were female. The disease was most
commonly observed in age group of 20 to 50 years and the mean age of the patients
was 43.3 years. Eighty-five percent of the patients were inhabitant of Tehran
province. 88.1% of patients had large plaque lesions and 11.9% had small plaque
lesions. The most common sites of lesions were on the trunk (53.4%) followed
by the extremities (38.7%).
Conclusion: Based on these findings, it was determined that
parapsoriasis most commonly affects middle-aged women. Involvement of trunks and
extremities were most commonly observed. Large plaque type was the most common
type.
Alireza Firooz, Ali Rajabi Estarabadi, Hamed Zartab,
Volume 3, Issue 4 (12-2012)
Abstract
Skin is the largest organ of the integumentary system with multiples important functions. Due to its complex structure, the permeability skin status can be modified by different external and internal factors such as chemical and physical stresses, and several skin and systemic diseases. Today, different non-invasive methods are used to assess the skin barrier biophysical properties. The parameters such as transepidermal water loss, stratum corneum hydration, skin surface pH and skin surface lipids is essential for evaluation of the epidermal barrier status. Application of these methods is critical for evaluation of disease treatments, the effectiveness of topically applied drugs and cosmetic products. The aim of this article is to review application of several methods for skin biophysical and biomechanical properties in humans.
Mahnaz Banihashemi, Yalda Nahidi, Mohammmadjavad Yazdanpanah, Habib Allah - O - Esmaeeli, Somayyeh Khatibzadeh,
Volume 4, Issue 1 (3-2013)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Pemphigus is one of the most common types of autoimmune blistering disease that requires systemic immunosuppressive therapy. Immunosuppressive therapy has improved the disease outcome in recent decades, but long-term use of them has side effects. Recently, it has been tried to evaluate immunosuppressive drugs with less side effects. One of them is mycophenolate mofetil. The aim of this study was to evaluate of therapeutic efficacy of this drug in the patients with refractory pemphigus vulgaris.
Methods: Three hundred files of patients with pemphigus vulgaris were reviewed and among them 28 patients who had received mycophenolate mofetil due to resistance to treatment were entered to this study. The data were obtained from patients’ files and were analyzed using Kendall's tau-c correlation, Mann-Whitney and ANOVA tests.
Results: Male to female ratio was 1.8:1 with an average age of 43.3±13.6 year. Twenty-eight cases of pemphigus vulgaris were treated receiving 2gr/day mycophenolate mofetil + 1mg/kg/day prednisolone. Remission occurred after 3 months. Seventeen patients (10 men and 7 women) had complete remission. There was no significant association between gender and treatment response (P=0.58). There was no significant association between mean age of treated patients and untreated patients with treatment response (P=0.77). Also, there was no significant association between severity of mucosal (P=0.80) and severity of skin involvement with treatment response (P=0.80). Ten patients who received mycophenolate mofetil more than 12 months had treatment response to mycophenolate mofetil and they did not have any relapse in the follow up period.
Conclusion: Mycophenolate mofetil is effective and safe as an adjuvant therapy in patients with pemphigus vulgaris especially in refractory pemphigus. Initiation of the therapeutic effect is slow.
Vahide Lajevardi, Md, Fatemeh Gholamali, Md, Kambiz Kamyab, Md, Maede Rayati Damavandi, Md, Tahereh Soori, Md, Azadeh Goodarzi, Md, Zeinab Aryanian, Md,
Volume 4, Issue 2 (6-2013)
Abstract
Ichthyosis is defined as a group of diseases with keratinization disorder and diffuse scaling with highly variable degree of involvement. According to our knowledge, coincidence of ichthyosis and dermatophytosis, which both are very common disorders, is a very rare event. We report a young man with congenital ichthyosis that histological analysis of his skin biopsies and direct smear revealed PAS positive fungi. He had used topical steroids for generalized scaling erythematous patches and plaques for long time.
Nafiseh Esmaeili, Mansoureh Akhavan, Hossein Mortazavi, Abbas Karimi,
Volume 4, Issue 3 (9-2013)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Bullous pemphigoid is an acquired
autoimmune disease with subepidermal blisters commonly seen in the elderly over
60 years old. The exact survival rate of the patients with bullous pemphigoid
was not available in Iran. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk
factors of 5-year mortality of bullous pemphigoid patients.
Methods: In this retrospective study, 66 bullous pemphigoid
patients referred to Razi hospital from 1986 to 2006 were studied. Age, sex,
consumed corticosteroid type, duration of hospitalization, and clinical form of
bullous pemphigoid, ESR and comorbidities were evaluated to determine the risk
factors associated with patients’ 5-year mortality rate.
Results: Forty-seven patients (71.2 %) had
5-year survival. The most common comorbidities were cardiovascular diseases
(28.8%), diabetes (15%) and chronic respiratory diseases (9%). There was a significant
relationship between the age and the 5-year survival rate, in other words
patients aged over 70 years had a less 5-year survival rate (P<0.001). There was no statistically
significant association with gender, the type of corticosteroid, the disease clinical
forms, duration of hospitalization or ESR and 5-year survival (P>0.05).
Conclusion: The current study found a
significant relationship between the age of the patients and 5-year survival. Larger
studies considering more potential risk factors and more appropriate designs
might help to estimate the survival rate of patients with bullous pemphigoid
more precisely.
Zahra Yaghoubi, Sakine Goljaryan, Mirali Eteraf Osckui,
Volume 4, Issue 3 (9-2013)
Abstract
Idiopathic (primary) hyperhidrosis is defined as an excessive
sweating with no clear cause and usually results in social, psychological, and
professional disturbances.
In this study, tap water and normal saline iontophoresis were
used in a 21-year-old female suffering from severe idiopathic palmoplantar
hyperhidrosis.The result of 8 sessions iontophoresis showed that tap water and
normal saline iontophoresis are effective in treatment of idiopathic
hyperhidrosis. However, in contrast with other studies, normal saline
iontophoresis was twice more effective than tap water iontophores. Quality of
life of the patient was improved.
Pedram Noormohammadpour, Amirhooshang Ehsani, Mostafa Mirshams Shashahani, Fatemeh Shahmohammadi, Fatemeh Gholamali,
Volume 5, Issue 1 (3-2014)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Malignant melanoma is one of the most lethal skin tumors. Its prevalence and demographic specifications are different in European and western countries from those in the Middle East. This study was aimed to evaluate the demographic and clinical characteristics of malignant melanoma in Iran.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the patients with the diagnosis of malignant melanoma who atteneded the tumor clinic of Razi Hospital, Tehran, Iran were included. Demographic and clinical data were registered in specific questionnaires. Histopathology findings were also recorded in the questionnaires.
Results: A total of 2500 patients attending tumor clinic of Razi Hospital were evaluated. Out of them, 166 cases had malignant melanoma including 89 (53.6%) females and 77 males (46.4%). The mean age of patients 60.5 years. History of chronic sun exposure was found in 65 (39.2%) cases. Mean delay time between commencement of lesion and diagnosis was 9 months. The most common histopathologic type was acral lentiginous and the most common observed stage of tumor was Clark 3. The most common frequent observed tumor site was head and neck which was followed by limbs.
Conclusion: Malignant melanoma is common in patients with skin tumors in Iran. Considering morbidity and mortality of malignant melanoma and the relatively high stages of tumors, at the fist time the patients sought medical care, screening programs seems to be necessary to find the patients in earlier stages, as well as the mass education. Some of our findings such as the most common location of the tumors, family history and relation with dysplastic naevies, remain to be confirmed in studies with larger sample sizes.
Mohammad Azad, Saman Ahmad Nasrollahi, Alireza Firooz,
Volume 5, Issue 1 (3-2014)
Abstract
Although ultraviolet rays constitute a small portion of the sunlight, they are destructive on skin. Ultraviolet rays cause sunburn, skin damage and skin cancers. Sunscreens are one of the most widely used cosmetic products which protect skin from cancer or other damages. There are two categories of sunscreen agents: chemical and physical. Physical sunscreens containing zinc oxide work through two mechanisms of reflection and scattering. Physical sunscreens are non-allergenic, non-irritating and non-comedogenic. Currently, by using zinc oxide nanoparticles in sunscreen formulation, both prevention of harmful sun rays and receiving cosmetic benefits are achieved.
Hossein Mortazavi, Farid Abbasi, Maryam Koopaie, Nafise Esmaeili,
Volume 5, Issue 2 (7-2014)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is the most common bullous autoimmune disease, which can cause mortality and morbidity in the patients who suffer from it. Researches to find reliable noninvasive laboratory tests to diagnose and monitor PV patients are being conducted.The aim of this study is to find the sensitivity of serum and salivary anti-DSG1 and anti-DSG3 antibodies in the diagnosis of PV by ELISA and to compare the results of serum and salivary autoantibodies with each other.
Methods: In this case-control study, 40 newly diagnosed patients with PV were recruited. Forty healthy controls were also recruited to this study. The clinical diagnosis of PV was confirmed by histopathology and direct immunofluorescence (DIF). Demographic data, disease severity and phenotypes were recorded on the questionnaires, which were developed for this study. DSG1 and DSG3 ELISA test were performed on serum and salivary samples of patients and controls.
Results: The mean±standard deviation age of patients, 43.37±11.94, with a range of 26 to 71 years. The sensitivities of serum anti-DSG3 and anti-DSG1 were 85% (34 cases had positive test results) and 90%, (36 cases had positive test results) respectively. The sensitivities of salivary anti-DSG3 and anti-DSG1 antibodies were accordingly 42.5% (17 cases had positive test results) and 60%, (24 cases had positive test results) respectively.
Conclusion: While the sensitivities of serum ELISA in detection of anti-DSG1 and anti-DSG3 were significantly higher than those of salivary ELISA, since the levels of the latter are chnaging in parallel to those of serum ELISA, they might be used to monitor the disease activity.
